Bis Burunko: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language

|name = Bis Burunko

|altname = Burunko, Burungian

|nativename = Bis Burunko

|pronunciation = bɨs bʉˈɾʉnkɔ

|creator = Neil Whalley

|states = Burung

|familycolor = Isolate

|script1 = Latn

|script2 = Higomido

}}

'''Bis Burunko''' (/bɨs bʉˈɾʉnkɔ/, literally 'the Burungian language'), also known as ''Burunko'' or ''Burungian'', is a language isolate spoken on the island of Burung in the north Atlantic.

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| style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" |

* optional

* only ''s, sh, ng'' or ''z'' word-finally

* only ''s, sh, ng, y'' or ''z'' word-finally

* only ''n'' or ''m'' before a consonant, except in the case of geminates

|}

The word-final consonants ''s, sh, ng'' and ''z'' are not permitted to occur before another consonant, so undergo changes in compounds or when consonant-initial endings are added:

The word-final consonants ''s, sh, ng, y'' and ''z'' are not permitted to occur before another consonant, so undergo changes in compounds or when consonant-initial endings are added:

* ''-s'' is lost, the preceding vowel is doubled and a following voiced plosive or ''j'' is devoiced:

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:: ''gyong'' 'man' + ''-bu'' (collective) = ''gyombu'' 'warrior class'

:: ''yong'' 'foot' + ''-ko'' (adjectival) = ''yonko'' 'sock'

* ''-y'' becomes ''-u-'' forming a diphthong with the preceding vowel:

:: ''mey'' 'dark' + ''kezi'' 'stone' = ''meukézi'' 'obsidian'

* ''-z'' is lost and causes a following consonant to double, except ''x'' which becomes ''s'' and ''h'' which is lost, while ''z'' remains:

:: ''az'' 'male' + ''-chi'' (adjectival) = ''acchi'' 'masculine'

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:: ''buaz'' 'sun' + ''xu'' 'fire' = ''buasu'' 'heat of the sun'

:: ''fuz'' 'tree' + ''HUZ'' 'lack' = ''fuzuz'' 'treeless'

~~In some cases a word ending in a vowel + ''-i'' will alter to vowel + ''-u'' when a suffix or the second element of a compound begins with a consonant:~~

~~:: ''mei'' 'dark' + ''kezi'' 'stone' = ''meukézi'' 'obsidian'~~

Word-final vowels may also be altered or lost when they come into contact with initial vowels in compounds or endings.

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|}

====Converbs====

Converbs are non-finite verb forms that occur in conjunction with a main verb to denote a dependent clause.

* The '''imperfect''' suffix ''-la'' denotes an action ongoing at the time of the main verb e.g. ''yommyolla nize fuke ipushi'' 'I saw you while walking',

* The '''perfect''' suffix ''-o'' denotes an action completed before the main verb, e.g. ''yommyozo nize fuke ipushi'' 'I saw you after walking', ''lipuo ipush bis'' "go and see!"

* The '''prefaratory''' suffix ''-xipu'' denotes an action begun after the main verb, e.g. ''yommyoshipa nize fuke ipushi'' 'I saw you before walking',

* The '''conditional''' suffix ''-ba'' denotes a condition on which the main verb depends, e.g. ''nize fuke ipuipa nize

* The '''concessive''' suffix ''-are'' means 'although, even though', e.g. ''yommyozare nize fuke ipushi 'although walking, I saw you'

====Secondary Verbs====

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* The '''iterative/frequentative''' suffixes ''-iko'' (after a vowel) or ''-ko'' (after a consonant), which denotes frequent or repeated action, or an action seemingly composed of multiple smaller instances of an action, often where the result is quiet or of limited intensity e.g. ''ekaiko'' 'study' < ''KASH'' 'learn', ''edanko'' 'sip' < ''DANG'' 'drink', ''ebaiko'' 'babble, chatter' (softly, as of a baby) < ''BA'' 'speak', ''yedeiko'' 'nibble' < ''EDE'' 'bite'.

A '''reduplicated''' root may also be used to create a frequentative, but always with an intensive and often a pejorative sense, e.g. ''edandan'' 'gulp, quaff' < ''DANG'', ''yedede'' 'to chomp' < ''EDE'', ''ebaba'' 'yammer, gossip, yak' < ''BA''.

====Compound Verbs====

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+{{Infobox language
+|name = Bis Burunko
+|altname = Burunko, Burungian
+|nativename = Bis Burunko
+|pronunciation = bɨs bʉˈɾʉnkɔ
+|creator = Neil Whalley
+|states = Burung
+|familycolor = Isolate
+|script1 = Latn
+|script2 = Higomido
+}}
 '''Bis Burunko''' (/bɨs bʉˈɾʉnkɔ/, literally 'the Burungian language'), also known as ''Burunko'' or ''Burungian'', is a language isolate spoken on the island of Burung in the north Atlantic.
@@ Line 129: / Line 141: @@
 | style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" |
 * optional
-* only ''s, sh, ng'' or ''z'' word-finally
+* only ''s, sh, ng, y'' or ''z'' word-finally
 * only ''n'' or ''m'' before a consonant, except in the case of geminates
 |}
-The word-final consonants ''s, sh, ng'' and ''z'' are not permitted to occur before another consonant, so undergo changes in compounds or when consonant-initial endings are added:
+The word-final consonants ''s, sh, ng, y'' and ''z'' are not permitted to occur before another consonant, so undergo changes in compounds or when consonant-initial endings are added:
 * ''-s'' is lost, the preceding vowel is doubled and a following voiced plosive or ''j'' is devoiced:
@@ Line 143: / Line 155: @@
 :: ''gyong'' 'man' + ''-bu'' (collective) = ''gyombu'' 'warrior class'
 :: ''yong'' 'foot' + ''-ko'' (adjectival) = ''yonko'' 'sock'
+* ''-y'' becomes ''-u-'' forming a diphthong with the preceding vowel:
+:: ''mey'' 'dark' + ''kezi'' 'stone' = ''meukézi'' 'obsidian'
 * ''-z'' is lost and causes a following consonant to double, except ''x'' which becomes ''s'' and ''h'' which is lost, while ''z'' remains:
 :: ''az'' 'male' + ''-chi'' (adjectival) = ''acchi'' 'masculine'
@@ Line 148: / Line 162: @@
 :: ''buaz'' 'sun' + ''xu'' 'fire' = ''buasu'' 'heat of the sun'
 :: ''fuz'' 'tree' + ''HUZ'' 'lack' = ''fuzuz'' 'treeless'
-In some cases a word ending in a vowel + ''-i'' will alter to vowel + ''-u'' when a suffix or the second element of a compound begins with a consonant:
-:: ''mei'' 'dark' + ''kezi'' 'stone' = ''meukézi'' 'obsidian'
 Word-final vowels may also be altered or lost when they come into contact with initial vowels in compounds or endings.
@@ Line 478: / Line 489: @@
 |}
+====Converbs====
+Converbs are non-finite verb forms that occur in conjunction with a main verb to denote a dependent clause.
+* The '''imperfect''' suffix ''-la'' denotes an action ongoing at the time of the main verb e.g. ''yommyolla nize fuke ipushi'' 'I saw you while walking',
+* The '''perfect''' suffix ''-o'' denotes an action completed before the main verb, e.g. ''yommyozo nize fuke ipushi'' 'I saw you after walking', ''lipuo ipush bis'' "go and see!"
+* The '''prefaratory''' suffix ''-xipu'' denotes an action begun after the main verb, e.g. ''yommyoshipa nize fuke ipushi'' 'I saw you before walking',
+* The '''conditional''' suffix ''-ba'' denotes a condition on which the main verb depends, e.g. ''nize fuke ipuipa nize
+* The '''concessive''' suffix ''-are'' means 'although, even though', e.g. ''yommyozare nize fuke ipushi 'although walking, I saw you'
 ====Secondary Verbs====
@@ Line 484: / Line 504: @@
 * The '''iterative/frequentative''' suffixes ''-iko'' (after a vowel) or ''-ko'' (after a consonant), which denotes frequent or repeated action, or an action seemingly composed of multiple smaller instances of an action, often where the result is quiet or of limited intensity e.g. ''ekaiko'' 'study' < ''KASH'' 'learn', ''edanko'' 'sip' < ''DANG'' 'drink', ''ebaiko'' 'babble, chatter' (softly, as of a baby) < ''BA'' 'speak', ''yedeiko'' 'nibble' < ''EDE'' 'bite'.
 A '''reduplicated''' root may also be used to create a frequentative, but always with an intensive and often a pejorative sense, e.g. ''edandan'' 'gulp, quaff' < ''DANG'', ''yedede'' 'to chomp' < ''EDE'', ''ebaba'' 'yammer, gossip, yak' < ''BA''.
 ====Compound Verbs====