Guimin/Test Case Sentences

1. Сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ.

Сӯъл

sun

тыътӏ

do.PFV.PRES.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ.

sun do.PFV.PRES.N.SG shining

The sun shines.

2. Сӯъл та̄тӏ локӏ.

Сӯъл

sun

та̄тӏ

do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Сӯъл та̄тӏ локӏ.

sun do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG shining

The sun is shining.

3. Сӯъл ттытӏ локӏ.

Сӯъл

sun

ттытӏ

do.PFV.PST.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Сӯъл ттытӏ локӏ.

sun do.PFV.PST.N.SG shining

The sun shone.

4. Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ.

Сӯъл

sun

ттитӏиъ

do.PFV.FUT.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ.

sun do.PFV.FUT.N.SG shining

The sun will shine.

5. Сӯъл ита̄тӏ та̄тӏ локӏ.

Сӯъл

sun

ита̄тӏ

do.IPFV.PST.N.SG

та̄тӏ

do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Сӯъл ита̄тӏ та̄тӏ локӏ.

sun do.IPFV.PST.N.SG do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG shining

The sun has been shining.

6. Сӯъл та̄тӏ локӏ джэ̄.

Сӯъл

sun

та̄тӏ

do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG

локӏ

shining

джэ̄.

again

Сӯъл та̄тӏ локӏ джэ̄.

sun do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG shining again

The sun is shining again.

7. Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ мукӏэ̄.

Сӯъл

sun

ттитӏиъ

do.PFV.FUT.N.SG

локӏ

shining

мукӏ-э̄.

tomorrow-ADVZ

Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ мукӏ-э̄.

sun do.PFV.FUT.N.SG shining tomorrow-ADVZ

The sun will shine tomorrow.

8. Сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ кӏвэтӏэ̄.

Сӯъл

sun

тыътӏ

do.PFV.PRES.N.SG

локӏ

shining

кӏвэтӏ-э̄.

bright-ADVZ

Сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ кӏвэтӏ-э̄.

sun do.PFV.PRES.N.SG shining bright-ADVZ

The sun shines brightly.

9. Сӯъл кӏвэтӏ тыътӏ локӏ.

Сӯъл

sun

кӏвэтӏ

bright

тыътӏ

do.PFV.PRES.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Сӯъл кӏвэтӏ тыътӏ локӏ.

sun bright do.PFV.PRES.N.SG shining

The bright sun shines.

10. Сӯъл иътӏыъндэ нӯъ.

Сӯъл

sun

иътӏ-ыъндэ

go.IPFV.NPST.N.SG-SUP.LAT

нӯъ.

now

Сӯъл иътӏ-ыъндэ нӯъ.

sun go.IPFV.NPST.N.SG-SUP.LAT now

The sun is rising now.

11. Ынвис виъсэс каркар ыъкӏатӏ.

Ын-вис

person.OBL-ERG.SG

виъс-эс

all-ERG.SG.M

каркар

shout

ыъкӏатӏ.

say.PFV.PST.N.SG

Ын-вис виъс-эс каркар ыъкӏатӏ.

person.OBL-ERG.SG all-ERG.SG.M shout say.PFV.PST.N.SG

All the people shouted.

12. Ынвис кәм каркар ыъкӏатӏ.

Ын-вис

person.OBL-ERG.SG

кәм

some

каркар

shout

ыъкӏатӏ.

say.PFV.PST.N.SG

Ын-вис кәм каркар ыъкӏатӏ.

person.OBL-ERG.SG some shout say.PFV.PST.N.SG

Some of the people shouted.

13. Ынвис биврэс каркар ыъкӏатӏ двә̄э̄.

Ын-вис

person.OBL-ERG.SG

бивр-эс

many-ERG.SG.M

каркар

shout

ыъкӏатӏ

say.PFV.PST.N.SG

двә̄-э̄.

two-ADVZ

Ын-вис бивр-эс каркар ыъкӏатӏ двә̄-э̄.

person.OBL-ERG.SG many-ERG.SG.M shout say.PFV.PST.N.SG two-ADVZ

Many of the people shouted twice.

14. Ынвис муъцӏэс каркар ыъкӏтӏ ыъкӏтӏ.

Ын-вис

person.OBL-ERG.SG

муъцӏ-эс

happy-ERG.SG.M

каркар

shout

ыъкӏтӏ

say.PFV.PRES.N.SG

ыъкӏтӏ.

say.PFV.PRES.N.SG

Ын-вис муъцӏ-эс каркар ыъкӏтӏ ыъкӏтӏ.

person.OBL-ERG.SG happy-ERG.SG.M shout say.PFV.PRES.N.SG say.PFV.PRES.N.SG

Happy people often shout.

15. Катыргуъс ләйктӏ сәнтӏытӏыъндэ.

Кат-рг-уъс

cat-DIM-ERG.SG

ләйктӏ

jump

сәнтӏытӏ-ыъндэ.

go.PFV.PRES.F.SG-SUP.LAT

Кат-рг-уъс ләйктӏ сәнтӏытӏ-ыъндэ.

cat-DIM-ERG.SG jump go.PFV.PRES.F.SG-SUP.LAT

The kitten jumped up.

16. Катыргуъс ләйктӏ пӏәшшӯрдэ сәнтӏытӏ.

Кат-рг-уъс

cat-DIM-ERG.SG

ләйктӏ

jump

пӏәшшӯр-дэ

table-LAT

сәнтӏытӏ.

go.PFV.PRES.F.SG

Кат-рг-уъс ләйктӏ пӏәшшӯр-дэ сәнтӏытӏ.

cat-DIM-ERG.SG jump table-LAT go.PFV.PRES.F.SG

The kitten jumped onto the table.

17. Катырг бырэдж митиъ синтӏытӏәд.

Кат-рг

cat-DIM

бырэдж

small

митиъ

1SG.GEN1

синтӏытӏ-әд.

go.PFV.PST.F.SG-ABL

Кат-рг бырэдж митиъ синтӏытӏ-әд.

cat-DIM small 1SG.GEN1 go.PFV.PST.F.SG-ABL

My little kitten walked away.

18. Ыб къӏэцӏ.

Ыб

rain.ABS

къӏэцӏ.

happen.IPFV.NPST.M.SG

Ыб къӏэцӏ.

rain.ABS happen.IPFV.NPST.M.SG

It's raining.

19. Ыб ӣтӏуъпӏтӏэ.

Ыб

rain.ABS

ӣтӏ-уъпӏтӏэ.

go.PFV.PST.M.SG-SUB.LAT

Ыб ӣтӏ-уъпӏтӏэ.

rain.ABS go.PFV.PST.M.SG-SUB.LAT

The rain came down.

20. Катыргуъс ыбринэ тэ̄нтӏ мо̄н.

Кат-рг-уъс

cat-DIM-ERG.SG

ыбр-инэ

rain.OBL-IN

тэ̄нтӏ

do.IPFV.NPST.M.SG

мо̄н.

fun

Кат-рг-уъс ыбр-инэ тэ̄нтӏ мо̄н.

cat-DIM-ERG.SG rain.OBL-IN do.IPFV.NPST.M.SG fun

The kitten is playing in the rain.

21. Ыб чӏигьтӏ.

Ыб

rain.ABS

чӏигьтӏ.

stop.PFV.PRES.M.SG

Ыб чӏигьтӏ.

rain.ABS stop.PFV.PRES.M.SG

The rain has stopped.

22. Ыб чӏигьитӏиъ пӏы.

Ыб

rain.ABS

чӏигьитӏиъ

stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG

пӏы.

soon

Ыб чӏигьитӏиъ пӏы.

rain.ABS stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG soon

Soon the rain will stop.

23. Ик гьәмәтӏ ыб чӏигьитӏиъчӏитиъ пӏы тәртӏ.

Ик

1SG.ERG

гьәмәтӏ

hope

ыб

rain.ABS

чӏигьитӏиъчӏ-итиъ

stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG-GER-SG.GEN1

пӏы

soon

тәртӏ.

have.PFV.PRES.F.SG

Ик гьәмәтӏ ыб чӏигьитӏиъчӏ-итиъ пӏы тәртӏ.

1SG.ERG hope rain.ABS stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG-GER-SG.GEN1 soon have.PFV.PRES.F.SG

I hope the rain stops soon.

24. Гӯъсәрыс эгайә̄с тӏыънтӏ сәэ эвэ̄.

Гӯъ-сәрыс

animal-SG.ABS

эга-йә̄с

wild-SG.ABS.N

тӏыънтӏ

stand.PFV.PST.N.SG

сә-э

DEM-LOC

эв-э̄.

one-ADVZ

Гӯъ-сәрыс эга-йә̄с тӏыънтӏ сә-э эв-э̄.

animal-SG.ABS wild-SG.ABS.N stand.PFV.PST.N.SG DEM-LOC one-ADVZ

Once wild animals lived here.

25. Сэ̄ дәркӏытӏгьэигъ дәндәлэ̄.

Сэ̄

3SG.F.ABS

дәркӏытӏ-гьэ-игъ

see.PFV.PST.F.SG-VALINC-TRANSL

дәндәл-э̄.

slow-ADVZ

Сэ̄ дәркӏытӏ-гьэ-игъ дәндәл-э̄.

3SG.F.ABS see.PFV.PST.F.SG-VALINC-TRANSL slow-ADVZ

Slowly she looked around.

26. Синттӏуъәд!

Синттӏуъ-әд!

go.IMP.M.SG-ABL

Синттӏуъ-әд!

go.IMP.M.SG-ABL

Go away!

27. Ым синтӏинтӏуъ!

Ым

1INCL.ABS

синтӏинтӏуъ!

go.IMP.M.PL

Ым синтӏинтӏуъ!

1INCL.ABS go.IMP.M.PL

Let's go!

28. Тӏви синттӏ такэ̄.

Тӏви

2SG.ABS

синттӏ

go.PFV.PRES.M.SG

такэ̄.

should

Тӏви синттӏ такэ̄.

2SG.ABS go.PFV.PRES.M.SG should

You should go.

29. Ми синтӏитӏиъ муъцӏэ̄.

Ми

1SG.ABS

синтӏитӏиъ

go.PFV.FUT.M.SG

муъцӏ-э̄.

happy-ADVZ

Ми синтӏитӏиъ муъцӏ-э̄.

1SG.ABS go.PFV.FUT.M.SG happy-ADVZ

I will be happy to go.

30. Синтӏитӏиъ пӏы.

Синтӏитӏиъ

go.PFV.FUT.M.SG

пӏы.

soon

Синтӏитӏиъ пӏы.

go.PFV.FUT.M.SG soon

He will arrive soon.

31.Тӏопӏ гӣнттитиъ әдӣтӏ гъур.

Тӏопӏ

ball

гӣнтт-итиъ

baby-SG.GEN1

әд-ӣтӏ

ABL-go.PRF.N.SG

гъур.

rolling

Тӏопӏ гӣнтт-итиъ әд-ӣтӏ гъур.

ball baby-SG.GEN1 ABL-go.PRF.N.SG rolling

The baby's ball has rolled away.

32. Двә̄ пӏуъкьӏэс вирг тынэнтӏ буъцэ̄.

Двә̄

two

пӏуъкьӏ-эс

boy-PL.ERG

вирг

work

тынэнтӏ

do.IPFV.NPST.N.PL

буъц-э̄.

together-ADVZ

Двә̄ пӏуъкьӏ-эс вирг тынэнтӏ буъц-э̄.

two boy-PL.ERG work do.IPFV.NPST.N.PL together-ADVZ

The two boys are working together.

33. Сә муъкь әдсәнтӏитӏиъ якъӣн.

Сә

DEM

муъкь

mist

әд-сәнтӏитӏиъ

ABL-go.PFV.FUT.F.SG

якъӣн.

probably

Сә муъкь әд-сәнтӏитӏиъ якъӣн.

DEM mist ABL-go.PFV.FUT.F.SG probably

This mist will probably clear away.

34. Бо̄шшәм винә̄с виъсмэ акӏинтӏ.

Бо̄шш-әм

flower-PL.ABS

вин-ә̄с

lovely-PL.ABS.N

виъс-м-э

every-NZ-LOC

акӏинтӏ.

grow.IPFV.NPST.N.PL

Бо̄шш-әм вин-ә̄с виъс-м-э акӏинтӏ.

flower-PL.ABS lovely-PL.ABS.N every-NZ-LOC grow.IPFV.NPST.N.PL

Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.

35. Вӣ пӏа̄ккӏ ттитӏиъ е дәндәлэ̄ такэ̄.

Вӣ

1INCL.ERG

пӏа̄ккӏ

food

ттитӏиъ

do.PFV.FUT.N.SG

е

COMP

дәндәл-э̄

slow-ADVZ

такэ̄.

should

Вӣ пӏа̄ккӏ ттитӏиъ е дәндәл-э̄ такэ̄.

1INCL.ERG food do.PFV.FUT.N.SG COMP slow-ADVZ should

We should eat more slowly.

36. Тӏви дэсинттӏ пӏы дуъсыгъ.

Тӏви

2SG.ABS

дэ-синттӏ

LAT-go.PFV.PRES.M.SG

пӏы

soon

дуъсыгъ.

too_much

Тӏви дэ-синттӏ пӏы дуъсыгъ.

2SG.ABS LAT-go.PFV.PRES.M.SG soon too_much

You have come too soon.

37. Тӏӯъ нипӏитт бӣътӏиъ ю̄ътӏ е гъареэ̄.

Тӏӯъ

2SG.ERG

нипӏитт

writing

бӣътӏиъ

hit.PFV.FUT.M.SG

ю̄ътӏ

must

е

COMP

гъаре-э̄.

neat-ADVZ

Тӏӯъ нипӏитт бӣътӏиъ ю̄ътӏ е гъаре-э̄.

2SG.ERG writing hit.PFV.FUT.M.SG must COMP neat-ADVZ

You must write more neatly.

38. Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace.

39. Henry's dog is lost.

40. My cat is black.

41. The little girl's doll is broken.

42. I usually sleep soundly.

43. The children ran after Jack.

44. I can play after school.

45. We went to the village for a visit.

46. We arrived at the river.

47. I have been waiting for you.

48. The campers sat around the fire.

49. A little girl with a kitten sat near me.

50. The child waited at the door for her father.

51. Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.

52. Were you born in this village?

53. Can your brother dance well?

54. Did the man leave?

55. Is your sister coming for you?

56. Can you come tomorrow?

57. Have the neighbors gone away for the winter?

58. Does the robin sing in the rain?

59. Are you going with us to the concert?

60. Have you ever travelled in the jungle?

61. We sailed down the river for several miles.

62. Everybody knows about hunting.

63. On a sunny morning after the solstice we started for the mountains.

64. Tom laughed at the monkey's tricks.

65. An old man with a walking stick stood beside the fence.

66. The squirrel's nest was hidden by drooping boughs.

67. The little seeds waited patiently under the snow for the warm spring sun.

68. Many little girls with wreaths of flowers on their heads danced around the bonfire.

69. The cover of the basket fell to the floor.

70. The first boy in the line stopped at the entrance.

71. On the top of the hill in a little hut lived a wise old woman.

72. During our residence in the province we often walked in the pastures.

73. When will your guests from the city arrive?

74. Near the mouth of the river, its course turns sharply towards the East.

75. Between the two lofty mountains lay a fertile valley.

76. Among the wheat grew tall red poppies.

77. The strong roots of the oak trees were torn from the ground.

78. The sun looked down through the branches upon the children at play.

79. The west wind blew across my face like a friendly caress.

80. The spool of thread rolled across the floor.

81. A box of growing plants stood in the window.

82. I am very happy.

83. These oranges are juicy.

84. Sea water is salty.

85. The streets are full of people.

86. Sugar tastes sweet.

87. The fire feels hot.

88. The little girl seemed lonely.

89. The little boy's father had once been a sailor.

90. I have lost my blanket.

91. A robin has built his nest in the apple tree.

92. At noon we ate our lunch by the roadside.

93. Mr. Jones made a knife for his little boy.

94. Their voices sound very happy.

95. Is today Monday?

96. Have all the leaves fallen from the tree?

97. Will you be ready on time?

98. Will you send this message for me?

99. Are you waiting for me?

100. Is this the first kitten of the litter?

101. Are these shoes too big for you?

102. How wide is the River?

103. Listen.

104. Sit here by me.

105. Keep this secret until tomorrow.

106. Come with us.

107. Bring your friends with you.

108. Be careful.

109. Have some tea.

110. Pip and his dog were great friends.

111. John and Elizabeth are brother and sister.

112. You and I will go together.

113. They opened all the doors and windows.

114. He is small, but strong.

115. Is this tree an oak or a maple?

116. Does the sky look blue or grey?

117. Come with your father or mother.

118. I am tired, but very happy.

119. He played a tune on his wonderful flute.

120. Toward the end of August the days grow much shorter.

121. A company of soldiers marched across the meadow and over the hill.

122. The first part of the story is very interesting.

123. The crow dropped some pebbles into the pitcher and raised the water to the brim.

124. The baby clapped her hands and laughed in glee.

125. Stop your game and be quiet.

126. The sound of the drums grew louder and louder.

127. Do you like summer or winter better?

128. That boy will have a wonderful trip.

129. They popped corn, and then sat around the fire and ate it.

130. They won the first two games, but lost the last one.

131. I awoke early, dressed hastily, and went down to breakfast.

132. Take this note, carry it to your mother; and wait for an answer.

133. Aha! I have caught you!

134. This string is too short!

135. Oh, dear! the wind has blown my hat away!

136. Alas! that news is sad indeed!

137. Whew! that cold wind freezes my nose!

138. Are you warm enough now?

139. They heard the warning too late.

140. We are a brave people, and love our country.

141. All the children came except Mary.

142. Jack seized a handful of pebbles and threw them into the lake.

143. This cottage stood on a low hill, at some distance from the village.

144. On a fine summer evening, the two old people were sitting outside the door of their cottage.

145. Our bird's name is Jacko.

146. The river knows the way to the sea.

147. The boat sails away, like a bird on the wing.

148. They looked cautiously about, but saw nothing.

149. The little house had three rooms, a sitting room, a bedroom, and a tiny kitchen.

150. We visited my uncle's village, the largest village in the world.

151. We learn something new each day.

152. The market begins five minutes earlier this week.

153. Did you find the distance too great?

154. Hurry, children.

155. Madam, I will obey your command.

156. Here under this tree they gave their guests a splendid feast.

157. In winter I get up at night, and dress by yellow candlelight.

158. Tell the last part of that story again.

159. Be quick or you will be too late.

160. Will you go with us or wait here?

161. She was always, shabby, often ragged, and on cold days very uncomfortable.

162. Think first and then act.

163. I stood, a little mite of a girl, upon a chair by the window, and watched the falling snowflakes.

164. Show the guests these shells, my son, and tell them their strange history.

165. Be satisfied with nothing but your best.

166. We consider them our faithful friends.

167. We will make this place our home.

168. The squirrels make their nests warm and snug with soft moss and leaves.

169. The little girl made the doll's dress herself.

170. I hurt myself.

171. She was talking to herself.

172. He proved himself trustworthy.

173. We could see ourselves in the water.

174. Do it yourself.

175. I feel ashamed of myself.

176. Sit here by yourself.

177. The dress of the little princess was embroidered with roses, the national flower of the Country.

178. They wore red caps, the symbol of liberty.

179. With him as our protector, we fear no danger.

180. All her finery, lace, ribbons, and feathers, was packed away in a trunk.

181. Light he thought her, like a feather.

182. Every spring and fall our cousins pay us a long visit.

183. In our climate the grass remains green all winter.

184. The boy who brought the book has gone.

185. These are the flowers that you ordered.

186. I have lost the book that you gave me.

187. The fisherman who owned the boat now demanded payment.

188. Come when you are called.

189. I shall stay at home if it rains.

190. When he saw me, he stopped.

191. Do not laugh at me because I seem so absent minded.

192. I shall lend you the books that you need.

193. Come early next Monday if you can.

194. If you come early, wait in the hall.

195. I had a younger brother whose name was Antonio.

196. Gnomes are little men who live under the ground.

197. He is loved by everybody, because he has a gentle disposition.

198. Hold the horse while I run and get my cap.

199. I have found the ring I lost.

200. Play and I will sing.

201. That is the funniest story I ever heard.

202. She is taller than her brother.

203. They are no wiser than we.

204. Light travels faster than sound.

205. We have more time than they.

206. She has more friends than enemies.

207. He was very poor, and with his wife and five children lived in a little low cabin of logs and stones.

208. When the wind blew, the traveler wrapped his mantle more closely around him.

209. I am sure that we can go.

210. We went back to the place where we saw the roses.

211. "This tree is fifty feet high," said the gardener.

212. I think that this train leaves five minutes earlier today.

213. My opinion is that the governor will grant him a pardon.

214. Why he has left the city is a mystery.

215. The house stands where three roads meet.

216. He has far more money than brains.

217. Evidently that gate is never opened, for the long grass and the great hemlocks grow close against it.

218. I met a little cottage girl; she was eight years old, she said.