Guimin/Test Case Sentences

1. Ыг сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ.

Ыг

wit

сӯъл

sun

тыътӏ

do.PFV.PRES.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Ыг сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ.

wit sun do.PFV.PRES.N.SG shining

The sun shines.

2. Ыг сӯъл та̄тӏ локӏ.

Ыг

wit

сӯъл

sun

та̄тӏ

do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Ыг сӯъл та̄тӏ локӏ.

wit sun do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG shining

The sun is shining.

3. Ыг сӯъл ттытӏ локӏ.

Ыг

wit

сӯъл

sun

ттытӏ

do.PFV.PST.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Ыг сӯъл ттытӏ локӏ.

wit sun do.PFV.PST.N.SG shining

The sun shone.

4. Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ.

Сӯъл

sun

ттитӏиъ

do.PFV.FUT.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ.

sun do.PFV.FUT.N.SG shining

The sun will shine.

5. Гӯ сӯъл ита̄тӏ та̄тӏ локӏ.

Гӯ

nwit

сӯъл

sun

ита̄тӏ

do.IPFV.PST.N.SG

та̄тӏ

do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Гӯ сӯъл ита̄тӏ та̄тӏ локӏ.

nwit sun do.IPFV.PST.N.SG do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG shining

The sun has been shining.

6. Ыг сӯъл та̄тӏ локӏ джэ̄.

Ыг

wit

сӯъл

sun

та̄тӏ

do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG

локӏ

shining

джэ̄.

again

Ыг сӯъл та̄тӏ локӏ джэ̄.

wit sun do.IPFV.NPST.N.SG shining again

The sun is shining again.

7. Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ мукӏэ̄.

Сӯъл

sun

ттитӏиъ

do.PFV.FUT.N.SG

локӏ

shining

мукӏ-э̄.

tomorrow-advz

Сӯъл ттитӏиъ локӏ мукӏ-э̄.

sun do.PFV.FUT.N.SG shining tomorrow-advz

The sun will shine tomorrow.

8. Ыг сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ кӏвэтӏэ̄.

Ыг

wit

сӯъл

sun

тыътӏ

do.PFV.PRES.N.SG

локӏ

shining

кӏвэтӏ-э̄.

bright-advz

Ыг сӯъл тыътӏ локӏ кӏвэтӏ-э̄.

wit sun do.PFV.PRES.N.SG shining bright-advz

The sun shines brightly.

9. Ыг сӯъл кӏвэтӏ тыътӏ локӏ.

Ыг

wit

сӯъл

sun

кӏвэтӏ

bright

тыътӏ

do.PFV.PRES.N.SG

локӏ.

shining

Ыг сӯъл кӏвэтӏ тыътӏ локӏ.

wit sun bright do.PFV.PRES.N.SG shining

The bright sun shines.

10. Ыг сӯъл иътӏыъндэ нӯъ.

Ыг

wit

сӯъл

sun

иътӏ-ыъндэ

go.IPFV.NPST.N.SG-sup.LAT

нӯъ.

now

Ыг сӯъл иътӏ-ыъндэ нӯъ.

wit sun go.IPFV.NPST.N.SG-sup.LAT now

The sun is rising now.

11. Ыг ынвис виъсэс каркар ыъкӏатӏ.

Ыг

wit

ын-вис

person.OBL-ERG.SG

виъс-эс

all-ERG.SG.M

каркар

shout

ыъкӏатӏ.

say.PFV.PST.N.SG

Ыг ын-вис виъс-эс каркар ыъкӏатӏ.

wit person.OBL-ERG.SG all-ERG.SG.M shout say.PFV.PST.N.SG

All the people shouted.

12. Ыг ынвис кәм каркар ыъкӏатӏ.

Ыг

wit

ын-вис

person.OBL-ERG.SG

кәм

some

каркар

shout

ыъкӏатӏ.

say.PFV.PST.N.SG

Ыг ын-вис кәм каркар ыъкӏатӏ.

wit person.OBL-ERG.SG some shout say.PFV.PST.N.SG

Some of the people shouted.

13. Гӯ ынвис биврэс каркар ыъкӏатӏ двә̄э̄.

Гӯ

nwit

ын-вис

person.OBL-ERG.SG

бивр-эс

many-ERG.SG.M

каркар

shout

ыъкӏатӏ

say.PFV.PST.N.SG

двә̄-э̄.

two-advz

Гӯ ын-вис бивр-эс каркар ыъкӏатӏ двә̄-э̄.

nwit person.OBL-ERG.SG many-ERG.SG.M shout say.PFV.PST.N.SG two-advz

Many of the people shouted twice.

14. Гӯ ынвис муъцӏэс каркар ыъкӏтӏ ыъкӏтӏ.

Гӯ

nwit

ын-вис

person.OBL-ERG.SG

муъцӏ-эс

happy-ERG.SG.M

каркар

shout

ыъкӏтӏ

say.PFV.PRES.N.SG

ыъкӏтӏ.

say.PFV.PRES.N.SG

Гӯ ын-вис муъцӏ-эс каркар ыъкӏтӏ ыъкӏтӏ.

nwit person.OBL-ERG.SG happy-ERG.SG.M shout say.PFV.PRES.N.SG say.PFV.PRES.N.SG

Happy people often shout.

15. Ыг катыргуъс ләйктӏ сәнтӏытӏыъндэ.

Ыг

wit

кат-рг-уъс

cat-DIM-ERG.SG

ләйктӏ

jump

сәнтӏытӏ-ыъндэ.

go.PFV.PRES.F.SG-sup.LAT

Ыг кат-рг-уъс ләйктӏ сәнтӏытӏ-ыъндэ.

wit cat-DIM-ERG.SG jump go.PFV.PRES.F.SG-sup.LAT

The kitten jumped up.

16. Ыг катыргуъс ләйктӏ пӏәшшӯрдэ сәнтӏытӏ.

Ыг

wit

кат-рг-уъс

cat-DIM-ERG.SG

ләйктӏ

jump

пӏәшшӯр-дэ

table-LAT

сәнтӏытӏ.

go.PFV.PRES.F.SG

Ыг кат-рг-уъс ләйктӏ пӏәшшӯр-дэ сәнтӏытӏ.

wit cat-DIM-ERG.SG jump table-LAT go.PFV.PRES.F.SG

The kitten jumped onto the table.

17. Ыг катырг бырэдж митиъ синтӏытӏәд.

Ыг

wit

кат-рг

cat-DIM

бырэдж

small

митиъ

1SG.gen1

синтӏытӏ-әд.

go.PFV.PST.F.SG-ABL

Ыг кат-рг бырэдж митиъ синтӏытӏ-әд.

wit cat-DIM small 1SG.gen1 go.PFV.PST.F.SG-ABL

My little kitten walked away.

18. Ыг ыб къӏэцӏ.

Ыг

wit

ыб

rain.ABS

къӏэцӏ.

happen.IPFV.NPST.M.SG

Ыг ыб къӏэцӏ.

wit rain.ABS happen.IPFV.NPST.M.SG

It's raining.

19. Гӯ ыб ӣтӏуъпӏтӏэ.

Гӯ

nwit

ыб

rain.ABS

ӣтӏ-уъпӏтӏэ.

go.PFV.PST.M.SG-SUB.LAT

Гӯ ыб ӣтӏ-уъпӏтӏэ.

nwit rain.ABS go.PFV.PST.M.SG-SUB.LAT

The rain came down.

20. Ыг катыргуъс ыбринэ тэ̄нтӏ мо̄н.

Ыг

wit

кат-рг-уъс

cat-DIM-ERG.SG

ыбр-инэ

rain.OBL-in

тэ̄нтӏ

do.IPFV.NPST.M.SG

мо̄н.

fun

Ыг кат-рг-уъс ыбр-инэ тэ̄нтӏ мо̄н.

wit cat-DIM-ERG.SG rain.OBL-in do.IPFV.NPST.M.SG fun

The kitten is playing in the rain.

21. Ыг ыб чӏигьтӏ.

Ыг

wit

ыб

rain.ABS

чӏигьтӏ.

stop.PFV.PRES.M.SG

Ыг ыб чӏигьтӏ.

wit rain.ABS stop.PFV.PRES.M.SG

The rain has stopped.

22. Ыб чӏигьитӏиъ пӏы.

Ыб

rain.ABS

чӏигьитӏиъ

stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG

пӏы.

soon

Ыб чӏигьитӏиъ пӏы.

rain.ABS stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG soon

Soon the rain will stop.

23. Ик гьәмәтӏ ыб чӏигьитӏиъчӏитиъ пӏы тәртӏ.

Ик

1SG.ERG

гьәмәтӏ

hope

ыб

rain.ABS

чӏигьитӏиъчӏ-итиъ

stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG-GER-SG.gen1

пӏы

soon

тәртӏ.

have.PFV.PRES.F.SG

Ик гьәмәтӏ ыб чӏигьитӏиъчӏ-итиъ пӏы тәртӏ.

1SG.ERG hope rain.ABS stop.PFV.FUT.M.SG-GER-SG.gen1 soon have.PFV.PRES.F.SG

I hope the rain stops soon.

24. Гы̄ гӯъсәрыс эгайә̄с тӏыънтӏ сәэ эвэ̄.

Гӯ

nwit

гӯъ-сәрыс

animal-SG.ABS

эга-йә̄с

wild-SG.ABS.N

тӏыънтӏ

stand.PFV.PST.N.SG

сә-э

DEM-LOC

эв-э̄.

one-advz

Гӯ гӯъ-сәрыс эга-йә̄с тӏыънтӏ сә-э эв-э̄.

nwit animal-SG.ABS wild-SG.ABS.N stand.PFV.PST.N.SG DEM-LOC one-advz

Once wild animals lived here.

25. Ыг сэ̄ дәркӏытӏгьэигъ дәндәлэ̄.

Ыг

wit

сэ̄

3SG.F.ABS

дәркӏытӏ-гьэ-игъ

see.PFV.PST.F.SG-valinc-TRANSL

дәндәл-э̄.

slow-advz

Ыг сэ̄ дәркӏытӏ-гьэ-игъ дәндәл-э̄.

wit 3SG.F.ABS see.PFV.PST.F.SG-valinc-TRANSL slow-advz

Slowly she looked around.

26. Синттӏуъәд!

Синттӏуъ-әд!

go.IMP.M.SG-ABL

Синттӏуъ-әд!

go.IMP.M.SG-ABL

Go away!

27. Ым синтӏинтӏуъ!

Ым

1incl.ABS

синтӏинтӏуъ!

go.IMP.M.PL

Ым синтӏинтӏуъ!

1incl.ABS go.IMP.M.PL

Let's go!

28. Тӏви синттӏ такэ̄.

Тӏви

2SG.ABS

синттӏ

go.PFV.PRES.M.SG

такэ̄.

should

Тӏви синттӏ такэ̄.

2SG.ABS go.PFV.PRES.M.SG should

You should go.

29. Ми синтӏитӏиъ муъцӏэ̄.

Ми

1SG.ABS

синтӏитӏиъ

go.PFV.FUT.M.SG

муъцӏ-э̄.

happy-advz

Ми синтӏитӏиъ муъцӏ-э̄.

1SG.ABS go.PFV.FUT.M.SG happy-advz

I will be happy to go.

30. Синтӏитӏиъ пӏы.

Синтӏитӏиъ

go.PFV.FUT.M.SG

пӏы.

soon

Синтӏитӏиъ пӏы.

go.PFV.FUT.M.SG soon

He will arrive soon.

31.Ыг тӏопӏ гӣнттитиъ әдӣтӏ гъур.

Ыг

wit

тӏопӏ

ball

гӣнтт-итиъ

baby-SG.gen1

әд-ӣтӏ

ABL-go.PRF.N.SG

гъур.

rolling

Ыг тӏопӏ гӣнтт-итиъ әд-ӣтӏ гъур.

wit ball baby-SG.gen1 ABL-go.PRF.N.SG rolling

The baby's ball has rolled away.

32. Ыг двә̄ пӏуъкьӏэс вирг тынэнтӏ буъцэ̄.

Ыг

wit

двә̄

two

пӏуъкьӏ-эс

boy-PL.ERG

вирг

work

тынэнтӏ

do.IPFV.NPST.N.PL

буъц-э̄.

together-advz

Ыг двә̄ пӏуъкьӏ-эс вирг тынэнтӏ буъц-э̄.

wit two boy-PL.ERG work do.IPFV.NPST.N.PL together-advz

The two boys are working together.

33. Гӯ сә муъкь әдсәнтӏитӏиъ якъӣн.

Гӯ

nwit

сә

DEM

муъкь

mist

әд-сәнтӏитӏиъ

ABL-go.PFV.FUT.F.SG

якъӣн.

probably

Гӯ сә муъкь әд-сәнтӏитӏиъ якъӣн.

nwit DEM mist ABL-go.PFV.FUT.F.SG probably

This mist will probably clear away.

34. Ыг бо̄шшәм винә̄с виъсмэ акӏинтӏ.

Ыг

wit

бо̄шш-әм

flower-PL.ABS

вин-ә̄с

lovely-PL.ABS.N

виъс-м-э

every-NZ-LOC

акӏинтӏ.

grow.IPFV.NPST.N.PL

Ыг бо̄шш-әм вин-ә̄с виъс-м-э акӏинтӏ.

wit flower-PL.ABS lovely-PL.ABS.N every-NZ-LOC grow.IPFV.NPST.N.PL

Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.

35. Вӣ пӏа̄ккӏ ттитӏиъ е дәндәлэ̄ такэ̄.

Вӣ

1incl.ERG

пӏа̄ккӏ

food

ттитӏиъ

do.PFV.FUT.N.SG

е

COMP

дәндәл-э̄

slow-advz

такэ̄.

should

Вӣ пӏа̄ккӏ ттитӏиъ е дәндәл-э̄ такэ̄.

1incl.ERG food do.PFV.FUT.N.SG COMP slow-advz should

We should eat more slowly.

36. Тӏви дэсинттӏ пӏы дуъсыгъ.

Тӏви

2SG.ABS

дэ-синттӏ

LAT-go.PFV.PRES.M.SG

пӏы

soon

дуъсыгъ.

too_much

Тӏви дэ-синттӏ пӏы дуъсыгъ.

2SG.ABS LAT-go.PFV.PRES.M.SG soon too_much

You have come too soon.

37. Тӏӯъ нипӏитт бӣътӏиъ ю̄ътӏ е гъареэ̄.

Тӏӯъ

2SG.ERG

нипӏитт

writing

бӣътӏиъ

hit.PFV.FUT.M.SG

ю̄ътӏ

must

е

COMP

гъаре-э̄.

neat-advz

Тӏӯъ нипӏитт бӣътӏиъ ю̄ътӏ е гъаре-э̄.

2SG.ERG writing hit.PFV.FUT.M.SG must COMP neat-advz

You must write more neatly.

38. Ыг э̄кӏалл пӏырәппыъ тӏыътӏ хин нигьэмэ̄.

Ыг

wit

э̄кӏалл

palace

пӏырәппыъ

excellent

тӏыътӏ

stand.PFV.PRES.N.SG

хин

int

нигьэм-э̄.

opposite-advz

Ыг э̄кӏалл пӏырәппыъ тӏыътӏ хин нигьэм-э̄.

wit palace excellent stand.PFV.PRES.N.SG int opposite-advz

Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace.

39. Ыг кӏунсы Йәъгья̄ис корәсы.

Ыг

wit

кӏун-сы

dog.ERG-eq

Йәъгья̄-ис

Henry-gen1.SG

кор-әсы.

lost-eq.M

Ыг кӏун-сы Йәъгья̄-ис кор-әсы.

wit dog.ERG-eq Henry-gen1.SG lost-eq.M

Yahya's dog is lost.

40. Ыг катуъсы мәс энтәсы.

Ыг

wit

кат-уъсы

cat-eq

мәс

1SG.gen2

энт-әсы.

black-eq.M

Ыг кат-уъсы мәс энт-әсы.

wit cat-eq 1SG.gen2 black-eq.M

My cat is black.

41. Гӯ витӯъргсы кывыргәш бингэ̄сы.

Гӯ

nwit

витӯърг-сы

doll-eq

кыв-ырг-әш

girl-DIM-gen2.SG

бинг-э̄сы.

broken-eq.F

Гӯ витӯърг-сы кыв-ырг-әш бинг-э̄сы.

nwit doll-eq girl-DIM-gen2.SG broken-eq.F

The little girl's doll is broken.

42. Ик суъп ситтӏ римтӏ ниво̄ккӏэ̄.

Ик

1SG.ERG

суъп

sleep.ABS

ситтӏ

lie.IPFV.NPST.M.SG

римтӏ

lie.PFV.PRES.M.SG

ниво̄ккӏ-э̄.

quiet-advz

Ик суъп ситтӏ римтӏ ниво̄ккӏ-э̄.

1SG.ERG sleep.ABS lie.IPFV.NPST.M.SG lie.PFV.PRES.M.SG quiet-advz

I usually sleep soundly.

43. Гӯ тӏыъкӏыс Сурэндэ сытӏнинтӏ иъшш.

Гӯ

nwit

тӏыъкӏ-ыс

child-ABS.PL

Сурэн-дэ

Suren-LAT

сытӏнинтӏ

go.PFV.PST.N.PL

иъшш.

run

Гӯ тӏыъкӏ-ыс Сурэн-дэ сытӏнинтӏ иъшш.

nwit child-ABS.PL Suren-LAT go.PFV.PST.N.PL run

The children ran after Suren.

44. Ми мэкӏтӏэбппӏәд тӣтӏиъыъ мо̄н.

Ми

1SG.ABS

мэкӏтӏэб-ппӏәд

school-POST.ABL

тӣтӏиъ-ыъ

do.PFV.FUT.M.SG

мо̄н.

fun

Ми мэкӏтӏэб-ппӏәд тӣтӏиъ-ыъ мо̄н.

1SG.ABS school-POST.ABL do.PFV.FUT.M.SG fun

I can play after school.

45. Ым виъкӏэ игъсинтӏнинтӏ.

Ым

1INCL.ABS

виъкӏ-э

village.ERG-LOC

игъ-синтӏнинтӏ.

TRANSL-go.PFV.PST.M.PL

Ым виъкӏ-э игъ-синтӏнинтӏ.

1INCL.ABS village.ERG-LOC TRANSL-go.PFV.PST.M.PL

We went to the village for a visit.

46. Ы̄в ръӯйбыд сәнтӏинтӏ.

Ы̄в

1EXCL.ABS

ръӯй-быд

river-TERM

сәнтӏинтӏ.

go.PFV.PST.F.PL

Ы̄в ръӯй-быд сәнтӏинтӏ.

1EXCL.ABS river-TERM go.PFV.PST.F.PL

We arrived at the river.

47. Ми тӏэ̄ иминтӏ.

Ми

1SG.ABS

тӏэ̄

2SG.DAT

иминтӏ.

wait.IPFV.PST.M.SG

Ми тӏэ̄ иминтӏ.

1SG.ABS 2SG.DAT wait.IPFV.PST.M.SG

I have been waiting for you.

48. Гӯ чӏа̄ррамчӏа̄сәрыс э̄кьигъ сиднинтӏ.

Гӯ

nwit

чӏа̄ррам-чӏа̄-сәрыс

camp-AG-ABS.PL

э̄кь-игъ

fire-TRANSL

сиднинтӏ.

sit.PFV.PST.M.PL

Гӯ чӏа̄ррам-чӏа̄-сәрыс э̄кь-игъ сиднинтӏ.

nwit camp-AG-ABS.PL fire-TRANSL sit.PFV.PST.M.PL

The campers sat around the fire.

49. Ыг кывырг катыргуъми сәдытӏ икмиэ̄.

Ыг

wit

кыв-ырг

girl-DIM

кат-ырг-уъми

cat-DIM-COM

сәдытӏ

sit.PFV.PST.F.SG

икми-э̄.

1SG.COM-advz

Ыг кыв-ырг кат-ырг-уъми сәдытӏ икми-э̄.

wit girl-DIM cat-DIM-COM sit.PFV.PST.F.SG 1SG.COM-advz

A little girl with a kitten sat near me.

50. Ыг лъим туърбыд ццӏапӏыътӏръӣ мәнытӏ.

Ыг

wit

лъим

child

туър-быд

door.ERG-TERM

ццӏа-пӏыътӏ-ръӣ

F-father-DAT.SG

мәнытӏ.

wait.PFV.PST.F.SG

Ыг лъим туър-быд ццӏа-пӏыътӏ-ръӣ мәнытӏ.

wit child door.ERG-TERM F-father-DAT.SG wait.PFV.PST.F.SG

The child waited at the door for her father.

51. Гӯ кывәс бәч пӏыгъанэ̄ виъкӏис ццӏакатырг ӣхатӏ кор сон.

Гӯ

nwit

кыв-әс

girl-ERG.SG

бәч

sup

пӏыгъан-э̄

old-ERG.SG.F

виъкӏ-ис

village.ERG-gen2.SG

ццӏа-кат-ырг

F-cat-DIM

ӣхатӏ

throw.PFV.PST.M.SG

кор

lost

сон.

yesterday

Гӯ кыв-әс бәч пӏыгъан-э̄ виъкӏ-ис ццӏа-кат-ырг ӣхатӏ кор сон.

nwit girl-ERG.SG sup old-ERG.SG.F village.ERG-gen2.SG F-cat-DIM throw.PFV.PST.M.SG lost yesterday

Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.

52. Тӏви сә виъкӏэ упӏытӏма?

Тӏви

2SG.ABS

сә

DEM

виъкӏ-э

village.ERG-LOC

упӏытӏ-ма?

make.PFV.PST.M.SG-Q.pol

Тӏви сә виъкӏ-э упӏытӏ-ма?

2SG.ABS DEM village.ERG-LOC make.PFV.PST.M.SG-Q.pol

Were you born in this village?

53. Бырэ̄тӏсәр тӏо лъе̄ сыттӏыъма висэ̄?

Бырэ̄тӏ-сәр

brother-ERG.SG

тӏо

2SG.gen2

лъе̄

dance

сыттӏ-ыъ-ма

go.PFV.PRES.N.SG-abil-Q.pol

вис-э̄?

good-advz

Бырэ̄тӏ-сәр тӏо лъе̄ сыттӏ-ыъ-ма вис-э̄?

brother-ERG.SG 2SG.gen2 dance go.PFV.PRES.N.SG-abil-Q.pol good-advz

Can your brother dance well?

54. Вӣър әдсинтӏытӏма?

Вӣър

man.ABS

әд-синтӏытӏ-ма?

ABL-go.PFV.PST.M.SG-Q.pol

Вӣър әд-синтӏытӏ-ма?

man.ABS ABL-go.PFV.PST.M.SG-Q.pol

Did the man leave?

55. Бисәр тӏвитиъ тӏэ̄ дээ̄тӏма?

Би-сәр

sister.ABS-ABS.SG

тӏвитиъ

2SG.gen1

тӏэ̄

2SG.DAT

дээ̄тӏ-ма?

LAT-go.PFV.PST.F.SG-Q.pol

Би-сәр тӏвитиъ тӏэ̄ дээ̄тӏ-ма?

sister.ABS-ABS.SG 2SG.gen1 2SG.DAT LAT-go.PFV.PST.F.SG-Q.pol

Is your sister coming for you?

56. Тӏви сәнтӏитӏиъыъма мукӏ?

Тӏви

2SG.ABS

сәнтӏитӏиъ-ыъ-ма

go.PFV.FUT.F.SG-abil-Q.pol

мукӏ?

tomorrow

Тӏви сәнтӏитӏиъ-ыъ-ма мукӏ?

2SG.ABS go.PFV.FUT.F.SG-abil-Q.pol tomorrow

Can you come tomorrow?

57. Сәмкӏӯъм киъмигъ әдсинтӏнинтӏма?

Сәмкӏӯъ-м

neighbor.ABS-ABS.PL

киъм-игъ

winter-TRANSL

әд-синтӏнинтӏ-ма?

ABL-go.PFV.PST.M.PL-Q.pol

Сәмкӏӯъ-м киъм-игъ әд-синтӏнинтӏ-ма?

neighbor.ABS-ABS.PL winter-TRANSL ABL-go.PFV.PST.M.PL-Q.pol

Have the neighbors gone away for the winter?

58. Руккьӏэ̄нәс ыбрэ къӏэн ыъкӏтӏма?

Руккьӏэ̄н-әс

robin-ERG.SG

ыбр-э

rain.ERG-IN

къӏэн

song

ыъкӏтӏ-ма?

say.PFV.PRES.N.SG-Q.pol

Руккьӏэ̄н-әс ыбр-э къӏэн ыъкӏтӏ-ма?

robin-ERG.SG rain.ERG-IN song say.PFV.PRES.N.SG-Q.pol

Does the robin sing in the rain?

59. Тӏви нә̄ъми концертдэ синтӏитӏиъма?

Тӏви

2SG.ABS

нә̄ъми

1EXCL.COM

концерт-дэ

concert-LAT

синтӏитӏиъ-ма?

go.PFV.FUT.M.SG-Q.pol

Тӏви нә̄ъми концерт-дэ синтӏитӏиъ-ма?

2SG.ABS 1EXCL.COM concert-LAT go.PFV.FUT.M.SG-Q.pol

Are you going with us to the concert?

60. Тӏӯъ е̄н джәнгәлэ ӣтӏма эвэ̄?

Тӏӯъ

2SG.ERG

е̄н

travel

джәнгәл-э

jungle-LOC

ӣтӏ-ма

go.PRF.SG-Q.pol

эв-э̄?

one-advz

Тӏӯъ е̄н джәнгәл-э ӣтӏ-ма эв-э̄?

2SG.ERG travel jungle-LOC go.PRF.SG-Q.pol one-advz

Have you ever travelled in the jungle?

61. Ы̄в э̄нерә̄ ръӯигъ милигъ бивригъ синтӏнинтӏ.

Ы̄в

1EXCL.ABS

э̄нер-ә̄

sail-INST.SG

ръӯй-игъ

river-TRANSL

мил-игъ

mile-TRANSL

бивр-игъ

many-TRANSL

синтӏнинтӏ.

go.PFV.PST.M.PL

Ы̄в э̄нер-ә̄ ръӯй-игъ мил-игъ бивр-игъ синтӏнинтӏ.

1EXCL.ABS sail-INST.SG river-TRANSL mile-TRANSL many-TRANSL go.PFV.PST.M.PL

We sailed down the river for several miles.

62. Гӯ виъсм сайъд тӣчӏәш вӣцӏ.

Гӯ

nwit

виъс-м

all-NZ

сайъд

game

тӣ-чӏ-әш

do.INF-GER-gen2.SG

вӣцӏ.

know.PFV.PRES.M.SG

Гӯ виъс-м сайъд тӣ-чӏ-әш вӣцӏ.

nwit all-NZ game do.INF-GER-gen2.SG know.PFV.PRES.M.SG

Everybody knows about hunting.

63. Ы̄в шәддэ кӏэнды сәнтӏнинтӏ ӏуйрэ̄ сӯъле свәртыкппӏэ.

Ы̄в

1EXCL.ABS

шәд-дэ

mountain range-LAT

кӏэн-ды

start.INF-CVB

сәнтӏнинтӏ

go.PFV.PST.F.PL

ӏуйр-э̄

morning-advz

сӯъл-е

sun-adjz

свәртык-ппӏэ.

solstice-POST

Ы̄в шәд-дэ кӏэн-ды сәнтӏнинтӏ ӏуйр-э̄ сӯъл-е свәртык-ппӏэ.

1EXCL.ABS {mountain range}-LAT start.INF-CVB go.PFV.PST.F.PL morning-advz sun-adjz solstice-POST

On a sunny morning after the solstice we started for the mountains.

64. Ыг Кӏорэин екӏтӏ хәъдыргмәс мэ̄мӯнис иба̄тӏ.

Ыг

wit

Кӏорэ-ин

Kore-ERG.SG

екӏтӏ

laughter.ABS

хәъдырг-мәс

trick-DAT.PL

мэ̄мӯн-ис

monkey-gen2.SG

иба̄тӏ.

say.IPFV.PST.F.SG

Ыг Кӏорэ-ин екӏтӏ хәъдырг-мәс мэ̄мӯн-ис иба̄тӏ.

wit Kore-ERG.SG laughter.ABS trick-DAT.PL monkey-gen2.SG say.IPFV.PST.F.SG

Kore laughed at the monkey's tricks.

65. Ыг вӣър пӏыгъан цупми чәпәрэ тӏэ̄нтӏ.

Ыг

wit

вӣър

man.ABS

пӏыгъан

old

цуп-ми

cane-COM

чәпәр-э

fence-LOC

тӏэ̄нтӏ.

stand.PFV.PST.M.SG

Ыг вӣър пӏыгъан цуп-ми чәпәр-э тӏэ̄нтӏ.

wit man.ABS old cane-COM fence-LOC stand.PFV.PST.M.SG

An old man with a walking stick stood beside the fence.

66. Ыг ниъзәсы санджа̄бэ̄с а̄тӏәсы сопбиъ мӯгъуъбиъ.

Ыг

wit

ниъз-әсы

nest-eq

санджа̄б-э̄с

squirrel-gen2.SG

а̄тӏ-әсы

hidden-eq.M

соп-биъ

branch-INST.PL

мӯгъ-уъбиъ.

saggy-INST.PL.M

Ыг ниъз-әсы санджа̄б-э̄с а̄тӏ-әсы соп-биъ мӯгъ-уъбиъ.

wit nest-eq squirrel-gen2.SG hidden-eq.M branch-INST.PL saggy-INST.PL.M

The squirrel's nest was hidden by drooping boughs.

67. Гӯ ппӏәрыргэ̄с нуъкуъпӏэ сӯълбыд вирънис тӏипӏвисәс мәнинтӏ ниво̄ккӏэ̄.

Гӯ

nwit

ппӏәр-ырг-э̄с

seed-DIM-ABS.PL

нуък-уъпӏэ

snow.ERG-SUB

сӯъл-быд

sun-TERM

виръ-нис

spring.ERG-gen2.SG

тӏипӏ-висәс

warm-gen2.SG.N

мәнинтӏ

wait.PFV.PST.F.PL

ниво̄ккӏ-э̄.

quiet-advz

Гӯ ппӏәр-ырг-э̄с нуък-уъпӏэ сӯъл-быд виръ-нис тӏипӏ-висәс мәнинтӏ ниво̄ккӏ-э̄.

nwit seed-DIM-ABS.PL snow.ERG-SUB sun-TERM spring.ERG-gen2.SG warm-gen2.SG.N wait.PFV.PST.F.PL quiet-advz

The little seeds waited patiently under the snow for the warm spring sun.

68. Many little girls with wreaths of flowers on their heads danced around the bonfire.

69. The cover of the basket fell to the floor.

70. The first boy in the line stopped at the entrance.

71. On the top of the hill in a little hut lived a wise old woman.

72. During our residence in the province we often walked in the pastures.

73. When will your guests from the city arrive?

74. Near the mouth of the river, its course turns sharply towards the East.

75. Between the two lofty mountains lay a fertile valley.

76. Among the wheat grew tall red poppies.

77. The strong roots of the oak trees were torn from the ground.

78. The sun looked down through the branches upon the children at play.

79. The west wind blew across my face like a friendly caress.

80. The spool of thread rolled across the floor.

81. A box of growing plants stood in the window.

82. I am very happy.

83. These oranges are juicy.

84. Sea water is salty.

85. The streets are full of people.

86. Sugar tastes sweet.

87. The fire feels hot.

88. The little girl seemed lonely.

89. The little boy's father had once been a sailor.

90. I have lost my blanket.

91. A robin has built his nest in the apple tree.

92. At noon we ate our lunch by the roadside.

93. Mr. Jones made a knife for his little boy.

94. Their voices sound very happy.

95. Is today Monday?

96. Have all the leaves fallen from the tree?

97. Will you be ready on time?

98. Will you send this message for me?

99. Are you waiting for me?

100. Is this the first kitten of the litter?

101. Are these shoes too big for you?

102. How wide is the River?

103. Listen.

104. Sit here by me.

105. Keep this secret until tomorrow.

106. Come with us.

107. Bring your friends with you.

108. Be careful.

109. Have some tea.

110. Pip and his dog were great friends.

111. John and Elizabeth are brother and sister.

112. You and I will go together.

113. They opened all the doors and windows.

114. He is small, but strong.

115. Is this tree an oak or a maple?

116. Does the sky look blue or grey?

117. Come with your father or mother.

118. I am tired, but very happy.

119. He played a tune on his wonderful flute.

120. Toward the end of August the days grow much shorter.

121. A company of soldiers marched across the meadow and over the hill.

122. The first part of the story is very interesting.

123. The crow dropped some pebbles into the pitcher and raised the water to the brim.

124. The baby clapped her hands and laughed in glee.

125. Stop your game and be quiet.

126. The sound of the drums grew louder and louder.

127. Do you like summer or winter better?

128. That boy will have a wonderful trip.

129. They popped corn, and then sat around the fire and ate it.

130. They won the first two games, but lost the last one.

131. I awoke early, dressed hastily, and went down to breakfast.

132. Take this note, carry it to your mother; and wait for an answer.

133. Aha! I have caught you!

134. This string is too short!

135. Oh, dear! the wind has blown my hat away!

136. Alas! that news is sad indeed!

137. Whew! that cold wind freezes my nose!

138. Are you warm enough now?

139. They heard the warning too late.

140. We are a brave people, and love our country.

141. All the children came except Mary.

142. Jack seized a handful of pebbles and threw them into the lake.

143. This cottage stood on a low hill, at some distance from the village.

144. On a fine summer evening, the two old people were sitting outside the door of their cottage.

145. Our bird's name is Jacko.

146. The river knows the way to the sea.

147. The boat sails away, like a bird on the wing.

148. They looked cautiously about, but saw nothing.

149. The little house had three rooms, a sitting room, a bedroom, and a tiny kitchen.

150. We visited my uncle's village, the largest village in the world.

151. We learn something new each day.

152. The market begins five minutes earlier this week.

153. Did you find the distance too great?

154. Hurry, children.

155. Madam, I will obey your command.

156. Here under this tree they gave their guests a splendid feast.

157. In winter I get up at night, and dress by yellow candlelight.

158. Tell the last part of that story again.

159. Be quick or you will be too late.

160. Will you go with us or wait here?

161. She was always, shabby, often ragged, and on cold days very uncomfortable.

162. Think first and then act.

163. I stood, a little mite of a girl, upon a chair by the window, and watched the falling snowflakes.

164. Show the guests these shells, my son, and tell them their strange history.

165. Be satisfied with nothing but your best.

166. We consider them our faithful friends.

167. We will make this place our home.

168. The squirrels make their nests warm and snug with soft moss and leaves.

169. The little girl made the doll's dress herself.

170. I hurt myself.

171. She was talking to herself.

172. He proved himself trustworthy.

173. We could see ourselves in the water.

174. Do it yourself.

175. I feel ashamed of myself.

176. Sit here by yourself.

177. The dress of the little princess was embroidered with roses, the national flower of the Country.

178. They wore red caps, the symbol of liberty.

179. With him as our protector, we fear no danger.

180. All her finery, lace, ribbons, and feathers, was packed away in a trunk.

181. Light he thought her, like a feather.

182. Every spring and fall our cousins pay us a long visit.

183. In our climate the grass remains green all winter.

184. The boy who brought the book has gone.

185. These are the flowers that you ordered.

186. I have lost the book that you gave me.

187. The fisherman who owned the boat now demanded payment.

188. Come when you are called.

189. I shall stay at home if it rains.

190. When he saw me, he stopped.

191. Do not laugh at me because I seem so absent minded.

192. I shall lend you the books that you need.

193. Come early next Monday if you can.

194. If you come early, wait in the hall.

195. I had a younger brother whose name was Antonio.

196. Gnomes are little men who live under the ground.

197. He is loved by everybody, because he has a gentle disposition.

198. Hold the horse while I run and get my cap.

199. I have found the ring I lost.

200. Play and I will sing.

201. That is the funniest story I ever heard.

202. She is taller than her brother.

203. They are no wiser than we.

204. Light travels faster than sound.

205. We have more time than they.

206. She has more friends than enemies.

207. He was very poor, and with his wife and five children lived in a little low cabin of logs and stones.

208. When the wind blew, the traveler wrapped his mantle more closely around him.

209. I am sure that we can go.

210. We went back to the place where we saw the roses.

211. "This tree is fifty feet high," said the gardener.

212. I think that this train leaves five minutes earlier today.

213. My opinion is that the governor will grant him a pardon.

214. Why he has left the city is a mystery.

215. The house stands where three roads meet.

216. He has far more money than brains.

217. Evidently that gate is never opened, for the long grass and the great hemlocks grow close against it.

218. I met a little cottage girl; she was eight years old, she said.