Modern Ravenish: Difference between revisions
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|imagesize= 250px | |imagesize= 250px | ||
|name= Ravenish | |name= Ravenish | ||
|nativename=''tiudisko'' | |nativename=''tiudisko kieli'' | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= tiu̯.dis.ko kie̯.li | ||
|pronunciation_key = w: | |pronunciation_key = w:IPA chart | ||
|creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]] | |creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]] | ||
|fam1=Indo-European | |fam1=Indo-European | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Ravenish''' ([[w:endonym| | '''Ravenish''' ([[w:endonym|endonym]]: ''tiudisko kieli''; <small>Ravenish:</small> [[w:IPA chart|[tiu̯.dis.ko kie̯.li]]) is a [[w:Finnish language|Finno]]-[[w:Germanic language|Germanic]] [[w:sprachbund|sprachbund]]. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both groups after the Ravenish tribe, at around 400AD, migrated to what is now [[w:North Ostrobothnia|North Ostrobothnia]]. These connections slowly formed the modern language, which, under influence of Finnish for centuries, led to the complete replacement of the native grammar with that of Finnish. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
The language name derives from the same source as German [[wikt:Deutsch|Deutsch]], [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þiudiskaz|þiudiskaz]]. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe. | The language name derives from the same source as German [[wikt:Deutsch|Deutsch]], [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þiudiskaz|þiudiskaz]], with the second part coming from Finnish '[[wikt:kieli|kieli]]'. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ Early Modern | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
! colspan="2" | Letter | ! colspan="2" | Letter | ||
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| style="border-right: 0;" | d || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | d || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! / | ! /e/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | e || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /h/ | ! /h/ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! /k/ | ! /k/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | k || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | k, g¹ || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /l/ | ! /l/ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! /n/ | ! /n/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | n || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | n, *m || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /o, ø/ | ! /o, ø/ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! /s/ | ! /s/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | s || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | s, f¹ || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /t/ | ! /t/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | t || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | t, *d || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /u, y/ | ! /u, y/ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! /ʋ/ | ! /ʋ/ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | v || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | v, b¹ || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
* letters with '*' are only pronounced that way at the end of words, done as a way to preserve etymology. | |||
# retained for etymology, 'g' may be /g/ in loan words, f may be /f/ in loans, b is identical to 'v' except in loans (where it may be /b/) | |||
* Many times letters will be marked when pronounced in a non-native way in loans, usually with a dot or acute, so 'ġ', 'ḃ', and 'ḟ'. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] | ! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop| | | colspan="1" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t̪]], [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ||
| colspan="1" | | | colspan="1" | | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] | ||
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# allophone of /n/ before /k/ | # allophone of /n/ before /k/ | ||
# Can be pronounced as /w/ and be understood by natives ( | # Can be pronounced as /w/ or /v/ and be understood by natives ( I pronounce it as /v/ since I can't quite get /ʋ/) | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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! | ! | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|front]] | ! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|front]] | ||
! colspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|back]] | ! colspan="2" rowspan=2 | [[w:Back vowel|back]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
! colspan="1" | [[w:unrounded vowel|<small>unround</small>]] | ! colspan="1" | [[w:unrounded vowel|<small>unround</small>]] | ||
! colspan="1" | [[w:rounded vowel|<small>round</small>]] | ! colspan="1" | [[w:rounded vowel|<small>round</small>]] | ||
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| colspan="1" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| colspan="1" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| colspan="1" | | | colspan="1" | | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | first<br>person !! colspan=2 | singular | ! rowspan=2 | first<br>person !! colspan=2 | singular | ||
| i | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural | ! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural | ||
| vir | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | second<br>person !! colspan=2 | singular | ! rowspan=2 | second<br>person !! colspan=2 | singular | ||
| tuu | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | plural | ! colspan=2 | plural | ||
| juur | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=6 | ! rowspan=6 | third<br>person !! rowspan=3 | singular !! masculine | ||
| ir | |||
|- | |- | ||
! feminine | ! feminine | ||
| sii | |||
|- | |- | ||
! neuter | ! neuter | ||
| it | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | plural !! masculine | ! rowspan=3 | plural !! masculine | ||
| iir | |||
|- | |- | ||
! feminine | ! feminine | ||
| ijaar | |||
|- | |- | ||
! neuter | ! neuter | ||
| ijo | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=1 colspan=3 | reflexive | ! rowspan=1 colspan=3 | reflexive | ||
| se | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | first<br>person !! colspan=2 | singular | ! rowspan=2 | first<br>person !! colspan=2 | singular | ||
| minä | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural | ! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural | ||
| me | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | second<br>person !! rowspan=2 | singular !! formal | ! rowspan=3 | second<br>person !! rowspan=2 | singular !! formal | ||
| Te | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=1 | familiar | ! colspan=1 | familiar | ||
| sinä | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | plural | ! colspan=2 | plural | ||
| te | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | third<br>person !! colspan=2 | singular | ! rowspan=2 | third<br>person !! colspan=2 | singular | ||
| hän | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | plural | ! colspan=2 | plural | ||
| he | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=3 | reflexive | ! colspan=3 | reflexive | ||
| se | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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====Nouns==== | ====Nouns==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
For more detail see [[wikt:Appendix:Finnish declension|Appendix:Finnish declension]] | |||
====Verbs==== | ====Verbs==== | ||
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====Dependent clauses==== | ====Dependent clauses==== | ||
== | ==Texts== | ||
I will put short snippets of texts here as a preview with the full text being linked under the snippet. | |||
===Beowulf Sentence 1=== | ===Beowulf Sentence 1=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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! Language !! Sentence 1 of Beowulf | ! Language !! Sentence 1 of Beowulf | ||
|- | |- | ||
| English || Indeed | | English || Indeed! We Spear-Danes, in days old, had great kings who heard of the glory of what that man's courage did. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Old English || Hwæt! wē gārdena in geārdagum þēodcyninga þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon. | | Old English || Hwæt! wē gārdena in geārdagum þēodcyninga þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Early Modern || hvat! me gairdien yn järdiä teudkunungarien trum gafreegun, hvo to atulungaret aljana framjanivat. | ||
|- | |||
| Pronunciation || hʋɑt me kɑi̯r.die̯n yn jær.diæ̯ teu̯d.ku.nuŋ.ŋɑ.rie̯n trun kɑs.reː.kun hʋo to ɑ.tu.luŋ.ŋɑ.ret ɑl.jɑ.nɑ srɑm.jɑ.ni.ʋɑt | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | colspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | [[Modern Ravenish/Beowulf|Full text]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 16:00, 27 October 2024
This article is private. The author requests that you do not make changes to this project without approval. By all means, please help fix spelling, grammar and organisation problems, thank you. |
Ravenish | |
---|---|
tiudisko kieli | |
Pronunciation | [tiu̯.dis.ko kie̯.li] |
Created by | wfosøra |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | |
Ravenish (endonym: tiudisko kieli; Ravenish: [tiu̯.dis.ko kie̯.li) is a Finno-Germanic sprachbund. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both groups after the Ravenish tribe, at around 400AD, migrated to what is now North Ostrobothnia. These connections slowly formed the modern language, which, under influence of Finnish for centuries, led to the complete replacement of the native grammar with that of Finnish.
Etymology
The language name derives from the same source as German Deutsch, þiudiskaz, with the second part coming from Finnish 'kieli'. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.
Phonology
Orthography
IPA | Letter | |
---|---|---|
/ɑ, æ/ | a, ä | |
/d/ | d | |
/e/ | e | |
/h/ | h | |
/i/ | i | |
/j/ | j | |
/k/ | k, g¹ | |
/l/ | l | |
/m/ | m | |
/n/ | n, *m | |
/o, ø/ | o, ö | |
/p/ | p | |
/r/ | r | |
/s/ | s, f¹ | |
/t/ | t, *d | |
/u, y/ | u, y | |
/ʋ/ | v, b¹ |
- letters with '*' are only pronounced that way at the end of words, done as a way to preserve etymology.
- retained for etymology, 'g' may be /g/ in loan words, f may be /f/ in loans, b is identical to 'v' except in loans (where it may be /b/)
- Many times letters will be marked when pronounced in a non-native way in loans, usually with a dot or acute, so 'ġ', 'ḃ', and 'ḟ'.
Consonants
Labial | alveolar /Palatal |
Velar /Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | (ŋ)¹ |
Stop | p | t̪, d | k |
Fricative | s | h | |
Approximant | ʋ² | l, j | |
Trill | r |
- allophone of /n/ before /k/
- Can be pronounced as /w/ or /v/ and be understood by natives ( I pronounce it as /v/ since I can't quite get /ʋ/)
Vowels
front | back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
unround | round | |||
close | i | y | u | |
mid | e | ø | o | |
open | æ | ɑ |
Prosody
Stress
Stress, like in PG, still lies solely on the first syllable unless prefixed, where stress moves with the root word.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Grammar
Morphology
Take ALL forms with '?' with caution, the proto-Germanic form is unknown so this is me doing very, VERY basic comparisons to figure out a Possible form.
Pronouns
Nominative | |||
---|---|---|---|
first person |
singular | i | |
plural | vir | ||
second person |
singular | tuu | |
plural | juur | ||
third person |
singular | masculine | ir |
feminine | sii | ||
neuter | it | ||
plural | masculine | iir | |
feminine | ijaar | ||
neuter | ijo | ||
reflexive | se |
Nominative | |||
---|---|---|---|
first person |
singular | minä | |
plural | me | ||
second person |
singular | formal | Te |
familiar | sinä | ||
plural | te | ||
third person |
singular | hän | |
plural | he | ||
reflexive | se |
Gender marking has become relatively rare in everyday speech, while additional affixes for it do exist, they're treated as unnecessary unless the distinction is important to the given information.
Nouns
Grammatical | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | - | |
Accusative | -/-n | |
Genitive | -n | |
Partitive | -(t)a/-(t)ä | |
Locative (internal) | ||
Inessive | -ssa/-ssä | |
Elative | -sta/-stä | |
Illative | -an, -en, etc... | |
Locative (External) | ||
Adessive | -lla/-llä | |
Ablative | -lta/-ltä | |
Allative | -lle | |
Essive | ||
Essive | -na/-nä | |
Translative | -ksi | |
Marginal | ||
Instructive | -n/-in | |
Abessive | -tta/-ttä | |
Comitative | -ne-/-në- |
For more detail see Appendix:Finnish declension
Verbs
Verb declensions haven't changed much, the dual has fell out of use outside of formal situations, where even there it's rare, the dual is sometimes still used casually for couples, like 'they're walking together (as partners)' is {translation here}
Adjectives and Determiners
Adjectives and determiners use the same declension as nouns except a very small difference, an infixed '-i-', so 'rusty' would be '*rustiar' (actually 'rustag'), this has no etymological origin, instead being added as a countermeasure to keep nouns and adjectives from declining, and thus appearing, identical.
Adverbs
Numbers
Syntax
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Texts
I will put short snippets of texts here as a preview with the full text being linked under the snippet.
Beowulf Sentence 1
Language | Sentence 1 of Beowulf |
---|---|
English | Indeed! We Spear-Danes, in days old, had great kings who heard of the glory of what that man's courage did. |
Old English | Hwæt! wē gārdena in geārdagum þēodcyninga þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon. |
Early Modern | hvat! me gairdien yn järdiä teudkunungarien trum gafreegun, hvo to atulungaret aljana framjanivat. |
Pronunciation | hʋɑt me kɑi̯r.die̯n yn jær.diæ̯ teu̯d.ku.nuŋ.ŋɑ.rie̯n trun kɑs.reː.kun hʋo to ɑ.tu.luŋ.ŋɑ.ret ɑl.jɑ.nɑ srɑm.jɑ.ni.ʋɑt |
Full text |