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''' | '''Qwbmwdqwg''' /ʔə˥mə˨˩˨ʔə˧˩̤/ is a tritonal root language spoken in [[Verse:Angai]]. | ||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
* vowels: {{angbr|''w oo''}} /ə ã/ | * vowels: {{angbr|''w oo''}} /ə ã/ | ||
* consonants: {{angbr|''q m k | * consonants: {{angbr|''q m k''}} /ʔ m k~h/ | ||
* tones: {{angbr|''-b -0 -x -s -t -j -v -g -d -z -l''}} /˥ ˧ ˩˧ ˩ ˨˩ˀ ˥˧ ˨˦ ˧˩̤ ˨˩˨ ˧˦˧ ˧˩/ | * tones: {{angbr|''-b -0 -x -s -t -j -v -g -d -z -l''}} /˥ ˧ ˩˧ ˩ ˨˩ˀ ˥˧ ˨˦ ˧˩̤ ˨˩˨ ˧˦˧ ˧˩/ | ||
The -0 tone only occurs in function words. | The -0 tone only occurs in function words and affixes. | ||
== Morphology == | == Morphology == | ||
Most | Most Qwbmwdqwg roots are tritonal. Some roots in the qwT<sub>1</sub>mwT<sub>2</sub>kwT<sub>3</sub> verb stem: | ||
* ''qw'''l'''mw'''b'''kw'''j''''' = to preside | * ''qw'''l'''mw'''b'''kw'''j''''' = to preside | ||
* ''qw'''b'''mw'''d'''kw'''g''''' = to speak | * ''qw'''b'''mw'''d'''kw'''g''''' = to speak | ||
* ''qw'''x'''mw'''b'''kw'''b''''' = to hear | * ''qw'''x'''mw'''b'''kw'''b''''' = to hear | ||
* ''qw''' | * ''qw'''j'''mw'''g'''kw'''d''''' = to see | ||
* ''qw'''b'''mw'''x'''kw'''s''''' = to eat | * ''qw'''b'''mw'''x'''kw'''s''''' = to eat | ||
* ''qw'''z'''mw'''x'''kw'''v''''' = to drink | * ''qw'''z'''mw'''x'''kw'''v''''' = to drink | ||
Some roots are bitonal | Some roots are bitonal: | ||
* ''qw'''x'''kw'''j''''' 'to stand' | |||
* ''qw'''s'''kw'''s''''' 'to go, to walk' | |||
* ''qw'''b'''kw'''x''''' 'to fly' | |||
=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||
The plural marker is ''-qoob'': '' | The plural marker is ''-qoob'': ''mw'''b'''kw'''x''''' 'bird', ''mw'''b'''kw'''x'''qoob'' 'birds'. | ||
==== Patterns ==== | |||
(b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root) | |||
=== Verbs === | === Verbs === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+ ''qwlmwlkwd'' 'to sleep' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Person !! Non-past !! Past/Stative | ! Person !! Non-past !! Past/Stative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1sg | ! 1sg | ||
|| '' | || ''qoolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqoodqoox'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2sg | ! 2sg | ||
|| '' | || ''koolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqoodkwt'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3sg | ! 3sg | ||
|| '' | || ''moolmwlqwd'' || ''qwlkwlqood'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1pl | ! 1pl | ||
|| '' | || ''qoolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodqoov'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2pl | ! 2pl | ||
|| '' | || ''koolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodkoov'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3pl | ! 3pl | ||
|| '' | || ''moolmwlqood'' || ''qwlkwlqoodmooj'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Participle | ! Participle | ||
|colspan=2| '' | |colspan=2| ''moolqwlqwd'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Verbal noun | ||
|colspan=2| '' | |colspan=2| ''qwlmwlkwd'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== Patterns ==== | |||
(b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root) | |||
Need nif3al and hif3il | |||
=== Pronouns === | |||
No subject pronouns | |||
Pronominal affixes: todo | |||
== Syntax == | == Syntax == | ||
=== Word order === | |||
Stolen from Lushootseed: predicate-first clauses and determiner-based noun phrases | |||
=== Noun phrases === | === Noun phrases === | ||
Noun phrases acting as constituents need the determiner '' | Noun phrases acting as constituents rather than as predicates need the determiner ''qw'': | ||
: Compare: | : Compare: | ||
:'' | :''Qw'''d'''kw'''l'''qw'''b''' qw qw'''b'''mw'''d'''qw'''g'''.'' | ||
: | : Qwbmwdqwg is easy. | ||
:'' | :''Qw'''b'''mw'''d'''qw'''g''' kwt. Qoo Kwskwskwskws kwt.'' | ||
: This is | : This is Qwbmwdqwg. And this is Quququqquq. | ||
=== Emphasis === | |||
The emphatic pronoun is ''koo'' in all persons and numbers. It serves the same role as Irish emphatic forms. | |||
* ''qoo'''s'''mw'''s''''' 'I go' | |||
* ''qoo'''s'''mw'''s''' koo'' / ''koo qoo'''s'''mw'''s''''' '<i>I</i> go' | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:Angai]] | |||
Latest revision as of 09:13, 29 October 2024
Qwbmwdqwg /ʔə˥mə˨˩˨ʔə˧˩̤/ is a tritonal root language spoken in Verse:Angai.
Phonology
- vowels: ⟨w oo⟩ /ə ã/
- consonants: ⟨q m k⟩ /ʔ m k~h/
- tones: ⟨-b -0 -x -s -t -j -v -g -d -z -l⟩ /˥ ˧ ˩˧ ˩ ˨˩ˀ ˥˧ ˨˦ ˧˩̤ ˨˩˨ ˧˦˧ ˧˩/
The -0 tone only occurs in function words and affixes.
Morphology
Most Qwbmwdqwg roots are tritonal. Some roots in the qwT1mwT2kwT3 verb stem:
- qwlmwbkwj = to preside
- qwbmwdkwg = to speak
- qwxmwbkwb = to hear
- qwjmwgkwd = to see
- qwbmwxkws = to eat
- qwzmwxkwv = to drink
Some roots are bitonal:
- qwxkwj 'to stand'
- qwskws 'to go, to walk'
- qwbkwx 'to fly'
Nouns
The plural marker is -qoob: mwbkwx 'bird', mwbkwxqoob 'birds'.
Patterns
(b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root)
Verbs
| Person | Non-past | Past/Stative |
|---|---|---|
| 1sg | qoolmwlqwd | qwlkwlqoodqoox |
| 2sg | koolmwlqwd | qwlkwlqoodkwt |
| 3sg | moolmwlqwd | qwlkwlqood |
| 1pl | qoolmwlqood | qwlkwlqoodqoov |
| 2pl | koolmwlqood | qwlkwlqoodkoov |
| 3pl | moolmwlqood | qwlkwlqoodmooj |
| Participle | moolqwlqwd | |
| Verbal noun | qwlmwlkwd | |
Patterns
(b-j-v 'to do' is used as the placeholder root)
Need nif3al and hif3il
Pronouns
No subject pronouns
Pronominal affixes: todo
Syntax
Word order
Stolen from Lushootseed: predicate-first clauses and determiner-based noun phrases
Noun phrases
Noun phrases acting as constituents rather than as predicates need the determiner qw:
- Compare:
- Qwdkwlqwb qw qwbmwdqwg.
- Qwbmwdqwg is easy.
- Qwbmwdqwg kwt. Qoo Kwskwskwskws kwt.
- This is Qwbmwdqwg. And this is Quququqquq.
Emphasis
The emphatic pronoun is koo in all persons and numbers. It serves the same role as Irish emphatic forms.
- qoosmws 'I go'
- qoosmws koo / koo qoosmws 'I go'