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|imagesize= 250px | |imagesize= 250px | ||
|name= Endeqwo | |name= Endeqwo | ||
|nativename='' | |nativename=''ნდეჸჿო'' (''n̥deqʷo'') | ||
|pronunciation= n̩.de.qʷo | |pronunciation= n̩.de.qʷo | ||
|pronunciation_key = w:IPA chart | |pronunciation_key = w:IPA chart | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ! colspan=2 | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] მ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|mʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|mʷ]] მჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] ნ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|nʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|nʷ]] ნჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] ნგ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋʷ]] ნგჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] !! voiceless | ! rowspan=3 | [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] !! voiceless | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] ფ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|pʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|pʷ]] ფჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] თ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|tʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|tʷ]] თჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] ქ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|kʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|kʷ]] ქჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular stop|q]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular stop|q]] ჸ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular stop|qʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular stop|qʷ]] ჸჿ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] ბ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|bʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|bʷ]] ბჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] დ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|dʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|dʷ]] დჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]] გ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar stop|gʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar stop|gʷ]] გჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular stop|ɢ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular stop|ɢ]] ჹ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular stop|ɢʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular stop|ɢʷ]] ჹჿ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ejective | ! ejective | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:bilabial ejective stop|pʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:bilabial ejective stop|pʼ]] პ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:bilabial ejective stop|pʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:bilabial ejective stop|pʷʼ]] პჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective stop|tʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective stop|tʼ]] ტ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective stop|tʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective stop|tʷʼ]] ტჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective stop|kʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective stop|kʼ]] კ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective stop|kʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective stop|kʷʼ]] კჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective stop|qʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective stop|qʼ]] ყ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective stop|qʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective stop|qʷʼ]] ყჿ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | [[w:affricate|affricate]] !! voiceless | ! rowspan=3 | [[w:affricate|affricate]] !! voiceless | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless bilabial affricate|p͡f]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless bilabial affricate|p͡f]] ფჶ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless bilabial affricate|p͡fʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless bilabial affricate|p͡fʷ]] ფჶჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]] ც | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡sʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡sʷ]] ცჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate|t͡ɬ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate|t͡ɬ]] ჩ' | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] ჩ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃʷ]] ჩჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar affricate|k͡x]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar affricate|k͡x]] ქხ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar affricate|k͡xʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar affricate|k͡xʷ]] ქხჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular affricate|q͡χ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular affricate|q͡χ]] ჸჰ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular affricate|q͡χʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular affricate|q͡χʷ]] ჸჰჿ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial affricate|b͡v]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial affricate|b͡v]] ბვ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial affricate|b͡vʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced bilabial affricate|b͡vʷ]] ბვჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar affricate|d͡z]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar affricate|d͡z]] ძ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar affricate|d͡zʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar affricate|d͡zʷ]] ძჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral affricate|d͡ɮ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral affricate|d͡ɮ]] ჯ' | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced post-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced post-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] ჯ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced post-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced post-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒʷ]] ჯჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar stop|g͡ɣ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar stop|g͡ɣ]] გღ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar stop|g͡ɣʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar stop|g͡ɣʷ]] გღჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular stop|ɢ͡ʁ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular stop|ɢ͡ʁ]] ჹჵ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular stop|ɢ͡ʁʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular stop|ɢ͡ʁʷ]] ჹჵჿ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ejective | ! ejective | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:bilabial ejective stop|p͡fʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:bilabial ejective stop|p͡fʼ]] პჶ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:bilabial ejective stop|p͡fʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:bilabial ejective stop|p͡fʷʼ]] პჶჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective stop|t͡sʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective stop|t͡sʼ]] წ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective stop|t͡sʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective stop|t͡sʷʼ]] წჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar lateral ejective affricate|t͡ɬʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar lateral ejective affricate|t͡ɬʼ]] ჭ' | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:post-alveolar ejective affricate|t͡ʃʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:post-alveolar ejective affricate|t͡ʃʼ]] ჭ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:post-alveolar ejective affricate|t͡ʃʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:post-alveolar ejective affricate|t͡ʃʷʼ]] ჭჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective stop|k͡xʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective stop|k͡xʼ]] კხ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective stop|k͡xʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective stop|k͡xʷʼ]] კხჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective stop|q͡χʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective stop|q͡χʼ]] ყჰ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective stop|q͡χʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective stop|q͡χʷʼ]] ყჰჿ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | [[w:fricative consonant|fricative]] !! voiceless | ! rowspan=3 | [[w:fricative consonant|fricative]] !! voiceless | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless labio-dental fricative|f]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless labio-dental fricative|f]] ჶ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless labio-dental fricative|fʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless labio-dental fricative|fʷ]] ჶჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ს | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|sʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|sʷ]] სჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|ɬ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|ɬ]] შ' | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] შ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃʷ]] შჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ხ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|xʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|xʷ]] ხჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]] ჰ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χʷ]] ჰჿ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced labio-dental fricative|v]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced labio-dental fricative|v]] ვ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced labio-dental fricative|vʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced labio-dental fricative|vʷ]] ვჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ზ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|zʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|zʷ]] ზჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral fricative|ɮ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral fricative|ɮ]] ჟ' | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced post-alveolar fricative|ʒ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced post-alveolar fricative|ʒ]] ჟ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced post-alveolar fricative|ʒʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced post-alveolar fricative|ʒʷ]] ჟჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]] ღ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣʷ]] ღჿ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]] ჵ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁʷ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁʷ]] ჵჿ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ejective | ! ejective | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:labio-dental ejective fricative|fʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:labio-dental ejective fricative|fʼ]] ჶჼ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:labio-dental ejective fricative|fʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:labio-dental ejective fricative|fʷʼ]] ჶჿჼ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective fricative|sʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective fricative|sʼ]] სჼ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective fricative|sʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:alveolar ejective fricative|sʷʼ]] სჿჼ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|ɬʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|ɬʼ]] შ'ჼ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃʼ]] შჼ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃʷʼ]] შჿჼ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective fricative|xʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective fricative|xʼ]] ხჼ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective fricative|xʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:velar ejective fricative|xʷʼ]] ხჿჼ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective fricative|χʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective fricative|χʼ]] ჰჼ | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective fricative|χʷʼ]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:uvular ejective fricative|χʷʼ]] ჰჿჼ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 |[[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | ! colspan=2 |[[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | ||
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| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] ლ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] ჲ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced labio-velar approximant|w]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced labio-velar approximant|w]] ჳ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]] | | colspan=1 | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]] რ | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
| colspan=1 | | | colspan=1 | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]] | ! [[w:Close vowel|Close]] | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] ი | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] უ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ე | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ო | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Open vowel|open]] | ! [[w:Open vowel|open]] | ||
| colspan="1" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] | | colspan="1" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ა | ||
| colspan="1" | | | colspan="1" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
[[Endeqwo/Phrases|Phrases]] | |||
[[Category:Endeqwo]] | [[Category:Endeqwo]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] |
Latest revision as of 20:13, 28 October 2024
This article is private. The author requests that you do not make changes to this project without approval. By all means, please help fix spelling, grammar and organisation problems, thank you. |
Endeqwo | |
---|---|
ნდეჸჿო (n̥deqʷo) | |
Pronunciation | [n̩.de.qʷo] |
Created by | wfosøra |
Endeqwo (endonym: n̥deqʷo; Endeqwo: [n̩.de.qʷo) is an isolate language, it's mainly inspired by Caucasian languages like Ubykh and Georgian, as well as many other Polysynthetic languages.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | alveolar | post -alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | lab. | plain | lab. | lat. | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | |||
Nasal | m მ | mʷ მჿ | n ნ | nʷ ნჿ | ŋ ნგ | ŋʷ ნგჿ | |||||||
Stop | voiceless | p ფ | pʷ ფჿ | t თ | tʷ თჿ | k ქ | kʷ ქჿ | q ჸ | qʷ ჸჿ | ||||
voiced | b ბ | bʷ ბჿ | d დ | dʷ დჿ | g გ | gʷ გჿ | ɢ ჹ | ɢʷ ჹჿ | |||||
ejective | pʼ პ | pʷʼ პჿ | tʼ ტ | tʷʼ ტჿ | kʼ კ | kʷʼ კჿ | qʼ ყ | qʷʼ ყჿ | |||||
affricate | voiceless | p͡f ფჶ | p͡fʷ ფჶჿ | t͡s ც | t͡sʷ ცჿ | t͡ɬ ჩ' | t͡ʃ ჩ | t͡ʃʷ ჩჿ | k͡x ქხ | k͡xʷ ქხჿ | q͡χ ჸჰ | q͡χʷ ჸჰჿ | |
voiced | b͡v ბვ | b͡vʷ ბვჿ | d͡z ძ | d͡zʷ ძჿ | d͡ɮ ჯ' | d͡ʒ ჯ | d͡ʒʷ ჯჿ | g͡ɣ გღ | g͡ɣʷ გღჿ | ɢ͡ʁ ჹჵ | ɢ͡ʁʷ ჹჵჿ | ||
ejective | p͡fʼ პჶ | p͡fʷʼ პჶჿ | t͡sʼ წ | t͡sʷʼ წჿ | t͡ɬʼ ჭ' | t͡ʃʼ ჭ | t͡ʃʷʼ ჭჿ | k͡xʼ კხ | k͡xʷʼ კხჿ | q͡χʼ ყჰ | q͡χʷʼ ყჰჿ | ||
fricative | voiceless | f ჶ | fʷ ჶჿ | s ს | sʷ სჿ | ɬ შ' | ʃ შ | ʃʷ შჿ | x ხ | xʷ ხჿ | χ ჰ | χʷ ჰჿ | |
voiced | v ვ | vʷ ვჿ | z ზ | zʷ ზჿ | ɮ ჟ' | ʒ ჟ | ʒʷ ჟჿ | ɣ ღ | ɣʷ ღჿ | ʁ ჵ | ʁʷ ჵჿ | ||
ejective | fʼ ჶჼ | fʷʼ ჶჿჼ | sʼ სჼ | sʷʼ სჿჼ | ɬʼ შ'ჼ | ʃʼ შჼ | ʃʷʼ შჿჼ | xʼ ხჼ | xʷʼ ხჿჼ | χʼ ჰჼ | χʷʼ ჰჿჼ | ||
Approximant | l ლ | j ჲ | w ჳ | ||||||||||
Trill | r რ |
Labialization always acts as a /w/ like sound, even in the labial series, where /pʷ/ is not protruded.
Consonants distinguish length, as can be seen in the 2nd person object marker, "-qqe" (/qːe/)
Vowels
front | back | |
---|---|---|
Close | i ი | u უ |
Mid | e ე | o ო |
open | a ა |
Syllable structure
The maximum is CVC, this only occurs in compound words like 'tʷʼen' (/tʷʼen/; good life)