Qut: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
 
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 49: Line 49:
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! Bilabial
! Alveolar
! Velar
! Uvular
! Glottal
|-
! Nasal
| m
| n
| ŋ
|
|
|-
! Plosive
| p, b
| t ~ t͡ʃ, d
| k, g
| q
| ʔ
|-
! Fricative
|
| s
|
|
|
|-
! Flap
|
| ɾ
|
|
|
|}
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan = 2 |
! colspan = 2 | Frontal
! colspan = 2 |Central
! colspan = 2 |Back
|-
! plain
! nasal
! plain
! nasal
! plain
! nasal
|-
! Close
| i
| ĩ
| ɨ
| ɨ̃
| u
| ũ
|-
! Mid close
|
|
|
|
| o
| õ
|-
! Mid open
| ɛ
| ɛ̃
|
|
|
|
|-
! Open
|
|
| a
| ã
|
|
|}
====Nasal harmony====
As many languages from South america, Qut has nasal harmony. When there is a nasal consonant or vowel in a word, it triggers the nasalization of other consonants and vowels.


===Vowels===
The nasalization occurs from the beginning to the end of the. So sounds before the nasal trigger (consonant or vowel) aren't affected. It triggers all vowels and consonants, until the words end or when there is a p, t, k, q, ', s or r ; so all sounds after one of these consonants are note affected. when nasalization occurs, the vowels simply became their nasal equivalent, and b, d, g, became m, n, ñ:
 
*mikekeni > '''mĩ'''keke'''nĩ''' (three)
*ñoaba > '''ñõãmã''' ([[Qut#nouns|house of]])
*makua > '''mã'''kua (father)
*na'aniba > '''nã''''a'''nĩmã''' (to speak)
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
Line 58: Line 149:
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
===Nouns===
Qut nouns are separated between two classes, named I (non-pluriform) and II (pluriform), which are separated between IIa and IIb. Their difference is in genitive and possession constructions based on three forms
Absolute form - The basic form of a noun; a noun which is not possessed.
N1 - The form of the possessed noun, when associated with the possessive prefixes for the 1st person singular, 2nd person singular or plural, and 3rd person singular or plural
N2 - The form of the possessed noun, when associated with the possessive prefixes for the 1st person plural exclusive or inclusive or the form of the nomen regens in a genitive clause : Pedro '''mãkua''', "Pedro's '''father'''"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! I
! IIa
! IIb
|-
! rowspan="2" | Absolute form
| sa
| goaba
| mãkua
|- style="font-style:italic;"
| arrow
| house
| father
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1SG
| pasa
| pagoaba
| pabakua
|- style="font-style:italic;"
| mine arrow
| my house
| my father
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2SG
| rosa
| rogoaba
| robakua
|- style="font-style:italic;"
| thine arrow
| thy house
| thy father
|-
! rowspan="2" | 3
| usa
| ugoaba
| ubakua
|- style="font-style:italic;"
| his/their arrow
| his/their house
| his/their father
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1PL EXCL
| tysa
| tyñõãmã
| tymãkua
|- style="font-style:italic;"
| our arrow
| our house
| our father
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1PL INCL
| rysa
| ryñõãmã
| rymãkua
|- style="font-style:italic;"
| our arrow
| our house
| our father
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2PL
| ru'sa
| ru'goaba
| ru'bakua
|- style="font-style:italic;"
| your arrow
| your house
| your father
|-
! rowspan="2" | Genitive construction
| NP sa
| NP ñõãmã
| NP mãkua
|- style="font-style:italic;"
| NP's arrow / arrow of NP
| NP's house / house of NP
| NP's father / father of NP
|}


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:


Nouns
Adjectives
Adjectives
Verbs
Verbs
Line 91: Line 272:
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:American indigenous languages]]
[[Category:Qutian languages]]

Latest revision as of 11:11, 14 November 2024


Introduction

Qut (Qut nã'anĩ) is a native South American language spoken on the North of the Amazonian forest, at the borders of Rio Negro.


Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Bilabial Alveolar Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive p, b t ~ t͡ʃ, d k, g q ʔ
Fricative s
Flap ɾ

Vowels

Frontal Central Back
plain nasal plain nasal plain nasal
Close i ĩ ɨ ɨ̃ u ũ
Mid close o õ
Mid open ɛ ɛ̃
Open a ã

Nasal harmony

As many languages from South america, Qut has nasal harmony. When there is a nasal consonant or vowel in a word, it triggers the nasalization of other consonants and vowels.

The nasalization occurs from the beginning to the end of the. So sounds before the nasal trigger (consonant or vowel) aren't affected. It triggers all vowels and consonants, until the words end or when there is a p, t, k, q, ', s or r ; so all sounds after one of these consonants are note affected. when nasalization occurs, the vowels simply became their nasal equivalent, and b, d, g, became m, n, ñ:

  • mikekeni > mĩkekenĩ (three)
  • ñoaba > ñõãmã (house of)
  • makua > mãkua (father)
  • na'aniba > nã'anĩmã (to speak)

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Qut nouns are separated between two classes, named I (non-pluriform) and II (pluriform), which are separated between IIa and IIb. Their difference is in genitive and possession constructions based on three forms

Absolute form - The basic form of a noun; a noun which is not possessed.

N1 - The form of the possessed noun, when associated with the possessive prefixes for the 1st person singular, 2nd person singular or plural, and 3rd person singular or plural

N2 - The form of the possessed noun, when associated with the possessive prefixes for the 1st person plural exclusive or inclusive or the form of the nomen regens in a genitive clause : Pedro mãkua, "Pedro's father"

I IIa IIb
Absolute form sa goaba mãkua
arrow house father
1SG pasa pagoaba pabakua
mine arrow my house my father
2SG rosa rogoaba robakua
thine arrow thy house thy father
3 usa ugoaba ubakua
his/their arrow his/their house his/their father
1PL EXCL tysa tyñõãmã tymãkua
our arrow our house our father
1PL INCL rysa ryñõãmã rymãkua
our arrow our house our father
2PL ru'sa ru'goaba ru'bakua
your arrow your house your father
Genitive construction NP sa NP ñõãmã NP mãkua
NP's arrow / arrow of NP NP's house / house of NP NP's father / father of NP


Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Qut&oldid=392949"