Qut: Difference between revisions
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====Nasal harmony==== | |||
As many languages from South america, Qut has nasal harmony. When there is a nasal consonant or vowel in a word, it triggers the nasalization of other consonants and vowels. | |||
The nasalization occurs from the beginning to the end of the. So sounds before the nasal trigger (consonant or vowel) aren't affected. It triggers all vowels and consonants, until the words end or when there is a p, t, k, q, ', s or r ; so all sounds after one of these consonants are note affected. when nasalization occurs, the vowels simply became their nasal equivalent, and b, d, g, became m, n, ñ: | |||
*mikekeni > '''mĩ'''keke'''nĩ''' (three) | |||
*ñoaba > '''ñõãmã''' ([[Qut#nouns|house of]]) | |||
*makua > '''mã'''kua (father) | |||
*na'aniba > '''nã''''a'''nĩmã''' (to speak) | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
| Line 146: | Line 155: | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Qut nouns are | Qut nouns are separated between two classes, named I (non-pluriform) and II (pluriform), which are separated between IIa and IIb. Their difference is in genitive and possession constructions based on three forms | ||
Absolute form - The basic form of a noun; a noun which is not possessed. | |||
N1 - The form of the possessed noun, when associated with the possessive prefixes for the 1st person singular, 2nd person singular or plural, and 3rd person singular or plural | |||
N2 - The form of the possessed noun, when associated with the possessive prefixes for the 1st person plural exclusive or inclusive or the form of the nomen regens in a genitive clause : Pedro '''mãkua''', "Pedro's '''father'''" | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 155: | Line 170: | ||
! IIb | ! IIb | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | | ! rowspan="2" | Absolute form | ||
| sa | | sa | ||
| goaba | | goaba | ||
| Line 223: | Line 238: | ||
| NP mãkua | | NP mãkua | ||
|- style="font-style:italic;" | |- style="font-style:italic;" | ||
| NP's arrow | | NP's arrow / arrow of NP | ||
| NP's house | | NP's house / house of NP | ||
| NP's father | | NP's father / father of NP | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 257: | Line 272: | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:American indigenous languages]] | |||
[[Category:Qutian languages]] | |||
Latest revision as of 11:11, 14 November 2024
Introduction
Qut (Qut nã'anĩ) is a native South American language spoken on the North of the Amazonian forest, at the borders of Rio Negro.
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | p, b | t ~ t͡ʃ, d | k, g | q | ʔ |
| Fricative | s | ||||
| Flap | ɾ |
Vowels
| Frontal | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | nasal | plain | nasal | plain | nasal | |
| Close | i | ĩ | ɨ | ɨ̃ | u | ũ |
| Mid close | o | õ | ||||
| Mid open | ɛ | ɛ̃ | ||||
| Open | a | ã | ||||
Nasal harmony
As many languages from South america, Qut has nasal harmony. When there is a nasal consonant or vowel in a word, it triggers the nasalization of other consonants and vowels.
The nasalization occurs from the beginning to the end of the. So sounds before the nasal trigger (consonant or vowel) aren't affected. It triggers all vowels and consonants, until the words end or when there is a p, t, k, q, ', s or r ; so all sounds after one of these consonants are note affected. when nasalization occurs, the vowels simply became their nasal equivalent, and b, d, g, became m, n, ñ:
- mikekeni > mĩkekenĩ (three)
- ñoaba > ñõãmã (house of)
- makua > mãkua (father)
- na'aniba > nã'anĩmã (to speak)
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Qut nouns are separated between two classes, named I (non-pluriform) and II (pluriform), which are separated between IIa and IIb. Their difference is in genitive and possession constructions based on three forms
Absolute form - The basic form of a noun; a noun which is not possessed.
N1 - The form of the possessed noun, when associated with the possessive prefixes for the 1st person singular, 2nd person singular or plural, and 3rd person singular or plural
N2 - The form of the possessed noun, when associated with the possessive prefixes for the 1st person plural exclusive or inclusive or the form of the nomen regens in a genitive clause : Pedro mãkua, "Pedro's father"
| I | IIa | IIb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute form | sa | goaba | mãkua |
| arrow | house | father | |
| 1SG | pasa | pagoaba | pabakua |
| mine arrow | my house | my father | |
| 2SG | rosa | rogoaba | robakua |
| thine arrow | thy house | thy father | |
| 3 | usa | ugoaba | ubakua |
| his/their arrow | his/their house | his/their father | |
| 1PL EXCL | tysa | tyñõãmã | tymãkua |
| our arrow | our house | our father | |
| 1PL INCL | rysa | ryñõãmã | rymãkua |
| our arrow | our house | our father | |
| 2PL | ru'sa | ru'goaba | ru'bakua |
| your arrow | your house | your father | |
| Genitive construction | NP sa | NP ñõãmã | NP mãkua |
| NP's arrow / arrow of NP | NP's house / house of NP | NP's father / father of NP |