Salivian: Difference between revisions

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|pronunciation_key = w:IPA chart
|pronunciation_key = w:IPA chart
|creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]], MrEvil
|creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]], MrEvil
|script1=  
|script1=Syrc
|familycolor=isolate
|familycolor=isolate
|cws=salv
|cws=salv
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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+
! IPA
! b
! bʰ
! ʈ
! ʈʰ
! ɖ
! ɖʰ
! k
! s
! ʂ
! ʐ
! ç
! x
! l
! ɬ
! j
! ʍ
! w
! ɾ
|-
! Script
! ܦ
! ܦ݂
! ܩ
! ܩ݂
! ܩ݀
! ܩ݂݀
! ܟ
! ܣ
! ܫ
! ܓ
! ܥ
! ܚ
! ܠ
! ܨ
! ܝ
! ܒ݂
! ܒ
! ܪ
|-
! Off. roman.
! b
! ḃ
! t
! ṫ
! d
! ḋ
! k
! s
! š
! z, ž
! c
! x
! l
! ł
! j
! ẇ
! w
! r
|-
|-
! Roman.
! p
! b
! ht
! hd
! t
! d
! k
! s
! 5
! z
! c
! x
! l
! 9
! j
! hw
! w
! r
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+
! IPA
! y
! ɨ
! u
! ɛ
! ɜ
! o
! ä
|-
! Script
! ܛܴ
! ܛܳ
! ܛܼ
! ܛܹ
! ܛܲ
! ܛܿ
! ܛܵ
|-
! Off. roman.
! y
! i
! u
! e
! ɜ
! o
! a
|-
! Roman.
! y
! i
! u
! e
! 3
! o
! a
|-
|}
There are two romanizations, "off. Roman." is the Official romanization, the second romanization is the one most often used as it's ASCII compliant, the ASCII compliant one will be used here.
The letter "ܛ" is soundless, it only appears at an initial position to hold vowels, for example "ܛܵܠܵܫ" (alaš; not an actual word as of now)
The letters "ܡ" and "ܢ" are used to mark length, the former for consonants, the latter for vowels
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="multicol"
|+ Vowel stems
!
! Nominative
! Accusative
! Genitive
! Ablative
! Dative
|-
! Singular
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! Dual
| {{template:Salhas v-end noun|}}
|
| {{template:Salhas c-end noun|}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! Plural
|
|
|
|
|  
|-
! Great Plural
|
|
|
|
|  
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
===Verbs===
|+ Consonant stems
{{template:salhas verb active|ܦܵܟܹܨ|pake9}}
!
 
! Nominative
An /ɜ/ may be inserted between /ɬ/ and /ʐ/ when the two consonants occur next to each other.
! Accusative
 
! Genitive
The verbal affix order is voice-participle-pronoun--negative-perfect-tense-mood
! Ablative
! Dative
|-
! Singular
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Dual
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Plural
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! Great Plural
|
|
|
|
|
|}


===Verbs===
To form the participle, take the first person singular form and add the participle affix in the appopriate location
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+
|-
! rowspan=3 colspan=2| Infinitive
! Past
| colspan=8 |
|-
! Present
| colspan=8 |
|-
! Future
| colspan=8 |
|-
! colspan=3 |
! Indicative
! Imperative
! Conditional
! Potential
! Presumptive
! Inferential
! Subjunctive?
! Optative?
|-
! rowspan="12" | Past
! rowspan="4" | 1st
! Singular
|-
! Dual
|-
! Plural
|-
! Great Plural
|-
! rowspan="4" | 2nd
! Singular
|-
! Dual
|-
! Plural
|-
! Great Plural
|-
! rowspan="4" | 3rd
! Singular
|-
! Dual
|-
! Plural
|-
! Great Plural
|-
! rowspan="12" | Present
! rowspan="4" | 1st
! Singular
|-
! Dual
|-
! Plural
|-
! Great Plural
|-
! rowspan="4" | 2nd
! Singular
|-
! Dual
|-
! Plural
|-
! Great Plural
|-
! rowspan="4" | 3rd
! Singular
|-
! Dual
|-
! Plural
|-
! Great Plural
|-
! rowspan="12" | Future
! rowspan="4" | 1st
! Singular
|-
! Dual
|-
! Plural
|-
! Great Plural
|-
! rowspan="4" | 2nd
! Singular
|-
! Dual
|-
! Plural
|-
! Great Plural
|-
! rowspan="4" | 3rd
! Singular
|-
! Dual
|-
! Plural
|-
! Great Plural
|-
! colspan=2 rowspan=3 | Participle
! Past
|-
! Present
|-
! Future
|-
! Colspan=11 | Affixes
|-
! colspan=3 | Perfect
| colspan=8 |
|-
! colspan=3 | Negative
| colspan=8 |
|-
! colspan=3 | Active
| colspan=8 |
|-
! colspan=3 | Passive
| colspan=8 |
|-
|}


===Adjectives and Determiners===
===Adjectives and Determiners===
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<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
* [[:Category:Salhas lemmas|Lemmas]]
 
<!-- Template area -->




Latest revision as of 01:13, 13 November 2024


Salivian
ܣܵܠܡܵܣ (Salhas)
Pronunciation[säl.läs]
Created bywfosøra, MrEvil
ConWorkShopsalv
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Phonology

Orthography

IPA b bʰ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖʰ k s ʂ ʐ ç x l ɬ j ʍ w ɾ
Script ܦ ܦ݂ ܩ ܩ݂ ܩ݀ ܩ݂݀ ܟ ܣ ܫ ܓ ܥ ܚ ܠ ܨ ܝ ܒ݂ ܒ ܪ
Off. roman. b ḃ t ṫ d ḋ k s š z, ž c x l ł j ẇ w r
Roman. p b ht hd t d k s 5 z c x l 9 j hw w r
IPA y ɨ u ɛ ɜ o ä
Script ܛܴ ܛܳ ܛܼ ܛܹ ܛܲ ܛܿ ܛܵ
Off. roman. y i u e ɜ o a
Roman. y i u e 3 o a

There are two romanizations, "off. Roman." is the Official romanization, the second romanization is the one most often used as it's ASCII compliant, the ASCII compliant one will be used here.

The letter "ܛ" is soundless, it only appears at an initial position to hold vowels, for example "ܛܵܠܵܫ" (alaš; not an actual word as of now)

The letters "ܡ" and "ܢ" are used to mark length, the former for consonants, the latter for vowels

Consonants

Bilabial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Labio-
Velar 		Velar
Stop p, pʰ b, bʰ ʈ, ʈʰ ɖ, ɖʰ k
Fricative s, ɬ ʂ ʐ ç x
Approximant l j ʍ w
Flap ɾ

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close y ɨ u
Mid ɛ ɜ o̞
Open ä

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Vowel stems
Nominative Accusative Genitive Ablative Dative
Singular ܒܿܠ
hwol 		ܥܵܝܵ
caja 		ܫܲܨܵ
539a 		ܦܲܣ
b3s
Dual ܩܵܟ
htak 		ܫܳܣ
5is 		ܫܼܪ
5ur 		ܣܿܥܲ
soc3 		ܥܵܫ
xa5
Plural ܚܿܩ݂݀
xod 		ܓܹܣ
zes 		ܓܵܚ
zax 		ܒ݂ܵܠ
wal 		ܒܼܝܿ
hwujo
Great Plural ܣܹܨ
se9 		ܥܿܚ
cox 		ܩܵܪ
htar 		ܒ݂ܿܣ
wos 		ܩܼ݀ܣ
tus
Consonant stems
Nominative Accusative Genitive Ablative Dative
Singular ܛܿܠ
ol 		ܛܵܝܵܵ
aja 		ܛܲܨܵ
39a 		ܛܲܣ
3s
Dual ܛܵܟ
ak 		ܛܳܣ
is 		ܛܼܪ
ur 		ܛܿܥܲ
oc3 		ܛܵܫ
a5
Plural ܛܿܩ݂݀
od 		ܛܹܣ
es 		ܛܵܚ
ax 		ܛܵܠ
al 		ܛܼܝܿ
ujo
Great Plural ܛܹܨ
e9 		ܛܿܚ
ox 		ܛܵܪ
ar 		ܛܿܣ
os 		ܛܼܣ
us

Verbs

An /ɜ/ may be inserted between /ɬ/ and /ʐ/ when the two consonants occur next to each other.

The verbal affix order is voice-participle-pronoun--negative-perfect-tense-mood

To form the participle, take the first person singular form and add the participle affix in the appopriate location

Adjectives and Determiners

Adverbs

Numbers

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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