Dylathian: Difference between revisions
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In [[Verse:Angai]], '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is an extremely conservative Trans-Sarnathian language (branch of the Akya-Woms family including [[Zzean]]) with a Welsh-like grammar and aesthetic. Dylathian | In [[Verse:Angai]], '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''bry lleqâs Dylethyzz'' /prə ɬeʔaːs{{ret}} CLF language Dylath-ADJ) is an extremely conservative Trans-Sarnathian language (branch of the Akya-Woms family including the monosyllabic tonal language [[Zzean]]) with a Welsh-like grammar and aesthetic. Dylathian and its closest relatives are spoken in the Dylathian plateau and the Sarnathian mountain range in the borderlands of Aem-Zmaə, which contains Mt. ___, the highest mountain in Angai. Dylathian and its neighboring relatives are vital for reconstructing the early history of the Trans-Sarnathian branch. | ||
Standard Dylathian is the liturgical language of ___ (Tibetan Buddhism | Standard Dylathian is the liturgical language of ___ (a version of Tibetan Buddhism). | ||
PTS tilakt- -> Dylath | |||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
* '''m n l r ll rh''' /m n l r | * '''m n l r ll rh''' /m n l r ɬ r̥/ | ||
* '''b d dz g gw''' /p t ts k | * '''b d dz g gw''' /p t ts k kʷ/ | ||
* '''p t tz c cw''' / | * '''p t tz c cw''' /pʰ tʰ tsʰ kʰ kʷʰ/ | ||
* '''pq tq tzq cq cwq ''' / | * '''pq tq tzq cq cwq ''' /pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kwʼ/ | ||
* '''ff th z s ch chw h q''' /f θ s s{{ret}} x | * '''ff th z s ch chw h q''' /f θ s s{{ret}} x xʷ h ʔ/ | ||
* '''f dd zz w''' /v ð z w/ | * '''f dd zz w''' /v ð z w/ | ||
;Notes | |||
* All consonants are longer and use more airflow than in English. In fact, they use so much airflow that final stops are released unlike in the language's monosyllabic tonal relatives. | |||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
/i e ɨ ə a u o/ | '''i e u y a w o''' /i e ɨ ə a u o/; long '''î ê û ŷ â ŵ ô''' | ||
=== Stress === | |||
Stress is consistently penultimate. | |||
== Grammar == | == Grammar == | ||
"Colloquial Welsh with classifiers" | "Colloquial Welsh with classifiers" | ||
=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||
As in reconstructed Proto-Trans-Sarnathian, most nouns have an unmarked form and a marked form (called the ''singulative'' for sake of convenience) that is only used for indefinite singular nouns. Like Welsh plurals, the singulative is unpredictable and is marked with a suffix, vowel affection, or both. | |||
For the definite article, the appropriate classifier is used, except for inalienably possessed nouns; the number is marked on the classifier. | |||
==== List of classifiers ==== | |||
==== Alienable possession ==== | |||
==== Inalienable possession ==== | |||
=== Numerals === | === Numerals === | ||
There is no isolated word for "one". When counting you use a word that was formerly "once/an occurrence" (cf. Slavic '''raz''' dva tri...). Otherwise, the | There is no isolated word for "one". When counting you use a word that was formerly "once/an occurrence" (cf. Slavic '''raz''' dva tri...). Otherwise, the singulative form of the noun in question is used, when necessary emphasized with __ 'only'. | ||
=== TAM auxiliaries === | === TAM auxiliaries === | ||
| Line 28: | Line 39: | ||
=== Verbs === | === Verbs === | ||
The word order is "T1 S T2 V O". | The word order is "T1 S T2 V O". | ||
=== Clausal syntax === | |||
Latest revision as of 18:31, 28 November 2024
In Verse:Angai, Dylathian (bry lleqâs Dylethyzz /prə ɬeʔaːs̠ CLF language Dylath-ADJ) is an extremely conservative Trans-Sarnathian language (branch of the Akya-Woms family including the monosyllabic tonal language Zzean) with a Welsh-like grammar and aesthetic. Dylathian and its closest relatives are spoken in the Dylathian plateau and the Sarnathian mountain range in the borderlands of Aem-Zmaə, which contains Mt. ___, the highest mountain in Angai. Dylathian and its neighboring relatives are vital for reconstructing the early history of the Trans-Sarnathian branch.
Standard Dylathian is the liturgical language of ___ (a version of Tibetan Buddhism).
PTS tilakt- -> Dylath
Phonology
Consonants
- m n l r ll rh /m n l r ɬ r̥/
- b d dz g gw /p t ts k kʷ/
- p t tz c cw /pʰ tʰ tsʰ kʰ kʷʰ/
- pq tq tzq cq cwq /pʼ tʼ tsʼ kʼ kwʼ/
- ff th z s ch chw h q /f θ s s̠ x xʷ h ʔ/
- f dd zz w /v ð z w/
- Notes
- All consonants are longer and use more airflow than in English. In fact, they use so much airflow that final stops are released unlike in the language's monosyllabic tonal relatives.
Vowels
i e u y a w o /i e ɨ ə a u o/; long î ê û ŷ â ŵ ô
Stress
Stress is consistently penultimate.
Grammar
"Colloquial Welsh with classifiers"
Nouns
As in reconstructed Proto-Trans-Sarnathian, most nouns have an unmarked form and a marked form (called the singulative for sake of convenience) that is only used for indefinite singular nouns. Like Welsh plurals, the singulative is unpredictable and is marked with a suffix, vowel affection, or both.
For the definite article, the appropriate classifier is used, except for inalienably possessed nouns; the number is marked on the classifier.
List of classifiers
Alienable possession
Inalienable possession
Numerals
There is no isolated word for "one". When counting you use a word that was formerly "once/an occurrence" (cf. Slavic raz dva tri...). Otherwise, the singulative form of the noun in question is used, when necessary emphasized with __ 'only'.
TAM auxiliaries
Inflected for person and number (inherited from Proto-Trans-Sarnathian)
Verbs
The word order is "T1 S T2 V O".