User:Shariifka/Sandbox

Bantu-esque romlang

Numerals

???? numerals

Symbol	Cardinal number
1	ʊːnʊ
2	toː
3	ʈɛː
4	kʷɑtːɔ
5	kʷɪˑŋɡɛ
6	sɛː
7	sɛtːɛ
8	ɔtːɔː
9	nɔwɛ
10	teɣe
11
20	βiː
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
200
1000
2000

Bantu-esque Indo-European lang

Numerals

???? numerals

Symbol	Cardinal number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
200
1000
2000

Somali-like relative of Zanahi

Numerals

???? numerals

Symbol	Cardinal number
1	ceyn
2	dhaba
3	taray
4	shodor
5	fash
6	shag
7	hafad
8	casta
9	now
10	dhas
11	ceyn oo dhas
20	dhabaasan
30	tiriisan
40	shodoorsan
50	fashaasan
60	shagaasan
70	haftaasan
80	castaash an
90	nabaasan
100	sid
200	dhow sid
1000	dahal
2000	dhaba dahal

Somali-like Romlang

Verb conjugation of amaal "to love" - non-continuous tenses

	Present			Past			Imperative	Jussive
	Indicative	Subordinate	Adjectival	Affirmative	Negative	Adjectival
1S	amaa	ame	amá	amay	amays	amaý	—	áme
2S	amaas	ames		amays			áma	ámes
3S	amaa	ame		amay			—	áme
1P	amaan	amaan		amayn			—	ameén
2P	amaad	amaad		amayd			amaád	ameéd
3P	amaan	amaan		amayn			—	ameén

German-like relative of Twench

Swadesh list

Abbreviations:

• irr. = irregular (conjugation cannot be predicted from principal parts)
• pl. = plural
• fam. = familiar
• pol. = polite
• arch. = archaic

No.	English	Unnamed
1	I	jeu
2	you (singular)	tu (fam.); Els (pol.)
3	he	ell
4	we	naus
5	you (plural)	waus (fam.); Els (pol.)
6	they	els
7	this	zest(e)
8	that	zell(e)
9	here	zei
10	there	lah
11	who	kei
12	what	keis
13	where	ond
14	when	quand
15	how	komment
16	not	pfass
17	all	toot
18	many	molt
19	some	alküne
20	few	pfeuk(e)
21	other	alter(e)
22	one	ün(e)
23	two	daus
24	three	treis
25	four	quatter
26	five	zink
27	big	grand(e)
28	long	long(e)
29	wide	larg(e)
30	thick	gross(e)
31	heavy	lord(e)
32	small	pfettitt(e)
33	short	kort(e)
34	narrow	strecht(e)
35	thin	mager(e)
36	woman	Femme
37	man (adult male)	Omme
38	man (human being)	Human; Pferson
39	child	Enfant
40	wife	Femme; Spause
41	husband	Omme; Spaus
42	mother	Mader
43	father	Pfader
44	animal	Best
45	fish	Pfess
46	bird	Euzell
47	dog	Kahn
48	louse	Pfeugel
49	snake	Serpent
50	worm	Werm
51	tree	Arber
52	forest	Bosch
53	stick	Baston
54	fruit	Frucht
55	seed	Semenze
56	leaf	Fülle
57	root	Rätzein
58	bark	Schohrtze
59	flower	Flauer
60	grass	Jerb
61	rope	Kurd
62	skin	Pfiel
63	meat	Karn
64	blood	Sange
65	bone	Oss
66	fat (noun)	Grass
67	egg	Ob
68	horn	Korn
69	tail	Kode
70	feather	Plüme
71	hair	Kaffel
72	head	Tiest
73	ear	Oregel
74	eye	Ugel
75	nose	Nahs
76	mouth	Bocke
77	tooth	Dent
78	tongue	Leng
79	fingernail	Ongel
80	foot	Pfied
81	leg	Gamb
82	knee	Jenogel
83	hand	Mahn
84	wing	Aal
85	belly	Wenter
86	guts	Entreils
87	neck	Koll
88	back	Doss
89	breast	Sehn
90	heart	Kuhr
91	liver	Vikat
92	drink	beber, bebe, bebeu, bebüt
93	eat	mangar, mange, mangei, mangat
94	bite	morder, morde, morseu, morst
95	suck	sükar, süke, sükei, sükat
96	spit	spütar, spüte, spütei, spütat
97	vomit	wumier, wumisse, wumei, wumeit
98	blow	sofflar, soffle, sofflei, sofflat
99	breathe	respeirar, respeire, respeirei, respeirat
100	laugh	reider, reide, reiße, reist
101	see	weder, wede, weiße, weist
102	hear	eudier, eude, eudei, eudeit
103	know	saffer, saffe, saffeu, saft
104	think	pfensar, pfense, pfensei, pfensat
105	smell	uhler, uhle, uhleu, uhlt
106	fear	kriemer, kriem, kriemui, kriemt
107	sleep	dormier, dorme, dormei, dormeit
108	live	weiber, weibe, weibeu, weibt
109	die	muhrier, muhre, muhrei, muhreit
110	kill	tütar, tüte, tütei, tütat
111	fight	lüchtar, lüchte, lüchtei, lüchtat
112	hunt	kassar, kasse, kassei, kassat
113	hit	batter, batte, batteu, battet
114	cut	kolpfar, kolpfe, kolpfei, kolpfat
115	split	vender, vende, vendeu, vendet
116	stab	pünner, pünne, pünneu, pünnt

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)

Toot human Esters nassen leber es equal in deintat es drechts. Els son wock reißon es konscenze endotat, es els deben wock ünalter in ün spirit de fradertat agier.

/toːt hʊˈmɑːn ˈɛstɐs ˈnasən ˈleːbɐ əs ɛˈkvɑːl ɪn daɪnˈtɑːt əs drɛçts ‖ ɛls zoːn vɔk ʁaɪˈsoːn əs konˈstsɛntsə əndoˈtɑːt | əs ɛls deːbən vɔk yːnˈaltɐ ɪn yːn ʃpiːʁɪt də ˌfʁɑːdɐˈtɒ̈ːt aˈɡiɐ/

German-like relative of Chelsian

Swadesh list

Abbreviations:

• m. = masculine
• f. = feminine
• n. = neuter
• c. = common (takes masculine or feminine gender according to referent)
• w. = weak
• irr. = irregular (declension/conjugation cannot be predicted from principal parts)
• pl. = plural
• fam. = familiar
• pol. = polite

No.	English	Chelsian
1	I	eg
2	you (singular)	zu (fam.); Isse (pol.)
3	he	isser
4	we	nuhr
5	you (plural)	wuhr (fam.); Isse (pol.)
6	they	isse
7	this	ister
8	that	iller
9	here	steich
10	there	leich
11	who	ker
12	what	kis
13	where	üb
14	when	quande
15	how	kome
16	not	nun
17	all	zuß
18	many	mültze (pl.)
19	some	älche (pl.)
20	few	pfauch
21	other	altzer
22	one	auns
23	two	zwo
24	three	trehr
25	four	quatzer
26	five	keink
27	big	mann; gränd
28	long	long
29	wide	laß; ampfel
30	thick	krass
31	heavy	gräb
32	small	pfaul
33	short	kurz
34	narrow	angst
35	thin	zinn
36	woman	Viemen, -s (f.)
37	man (adult male)	Mähr, -s (m.)
38	man (human being)	Ome, -ns (m., w.)
39	child	Pfarb, Pfärbe (m.)
40	wife	Viemen, -s (f.); Mülier, -s (f.)
41	husband	Mähr, -s (m.); Mährt, -e (m.)
42	mother	Maßer, -s (f.)
43	father	Pfasser, -s (m.)
44	animal	Bieste, -s (f.)
45	fish	Pfesch, -es (m.)
46	bird	Äbe, -s (f.)
47	dog	Kähn, -s (m.)
48	louse	Pfeigel, -e (m.)
49	snake	Äng, -es (m.)
50	worm	Werm (m.)
51	tree	Arber, -s (m.)
52	forest	Silbe, -s (f.) (
53	stick	Rahm, Rähme (m.)
54	fruit	Freug, -es (f.)
55	seed	Grahn, -e (n.)
56	leaf	Vöhl, -e (n.)
57	root	Rateich, -es (f.)
58	bark	Korzeich, -es (f.)
59	flower	Fluhr, -es (m.)
60	grass	Grame, -n (n., w.)
61	rope	Fäun, -s (m.)
62	skin	Pfell, -es
63	meat	Kare, -ns (f.)
64	blood	Sänge, -ns (m.)
65	bone	Oss, össe (m.)
66	fat (noun)	Ateff, -s (m.)
67	egg	Ub, -e (n.)
68	horn	Korn, -e (n.)
69	tail	Kaute, -s (f.)
70	feather	Pflume, -s (f.)
71	hair	Pfehl, -es (m.); (of head) Kaffel, -e (m.)
72	head	Kafs, -es (n.)
73	ear	Öhr, -s (f.)
74	eye	Ogel, -e (m.)
75	nose	Nas, Näse (m.)
76	mouth	Bucke, -s (f.)
77	tooth	Tent, es (m.)
78	tongue	Linge, -s (f.)
79	fingernail	Unge, -s (m.)
80	foot	Pfeht, -s (m.)
81	leg	Krauer, -e (n.)
82	knee	Gehn, -e (n.)
83	hand	Maan, -s (f.)
84	wing	Ale, -s (f.)
85	belly	Wenter, -s (m.)
86	guts	Insteine (n. pl.)
87	neck	Koll, -e (n.)
88	back	Zerg, -e (n.)
89	breast	Pfetz, -e (m.)
90	heart	Kort, -e (n.)
91	liver	Jecher, -e (n.)
92	drink	beber, bebe, beibe, beibs
93	eat	eter, ete, iete, ies
94	bite	morter, morte, mörse, mörs
95	suck	suger, suge, süchse, sucht
96	spit	spuher, spuhe, spühe, spauß
97	vomit	wohmer, wohme, wöhme, wöhms
98	blow	flaher, flahe, flähe, flaß
99	breathe	speirer, speire, speirei, speiress
100	laugh	reiter, reite, reise, reiß
101	see	weter, wete, weite, weiß
102	hear	äuter, äute, äutei, äutess
103	know	scheier, scheie, schei, scheiß
104	think	köchser, köchse, köchsei, köchsess
105	smell	ohler, ohle, ohlei, ohless
106	fear	zehmer, zehme, zehmei, zehmess
107	sleep	törmer, törme, törmei, törmess
108	live	weiber, weibe, wichse, wicht
109	die	möhrer, möhre, möhrei, mortz
110	kill	necher, neche, nechei, nechess
111	fight	pfunner, pfunne, pfunnei, pfunness
112	hunt	kafter, kafte, kaftei, kaftess
113	hit	batzer, batze, batzei, batzess
114	cut	secher, seche, sechei, sechess
115	split	teibter, teibte, teibse, teibs
116	stab	föter, föte, fosse, foss
117	scratch	schalpfer, schalpfe, schalpse, schalps
118	dig	kaber, kabe, kabei, kabess
119	swim	nasser, nasse, nassei, nassess
120	fly	wohler, wohle, wohlei, wohless
121	walk	pferger, pferge, pfierse, pfiers
122	come	wehner, wehne, wiene, went
123	lie	jacher, jache, jachei, jachess
124	sit	seter, sete, siete, sess
125	stand	steher, stehe, steße, steß
126	turn	werzer, werze, werzei, werzess
127	fall	kater, kate, käse, kas
128	give	teher, tehe, teße, teß
129	hold	zener, zene, ziene, zent
130	squeeze	pfremer, pfreme, pfrisse, pfress
131	rub	frecher, freche, frechei, frechess
132	wash	lahber, lahbe, lahbei, lahbess
133	wipe	zerger, zerge, zirse, zers
134	pull	treier, treie, trächse, tracht
135	push	pfeller, pfelle, pfülse, pfuls
136	throw	jächer, jäche, jieche, jacht
137	tie	leger, lege, legei, legess
138	sew	sauer, saue, säue, sauß
139	count	nummerer, nummere, nummerei, nummeress
140	say	teicher, teiche teichse, ticht
141	sing	kaner, kane, kiene, kant
142	play	lauter, laute, läuse, laus
143	float	fleußer, fleuße, fleußei, fleußess
144	flow	flauer, flaue, fläuchse, flaucht
145	freeze	gehler, gehle, gehlei, gehless
146	swell	inflaßer, inflaße, inflaßei, inflaßess
147	sun	Suhl, -e (n.)
148	moon	Lune, -s (f.)
149	star	Stielle, -s (f.)
150	water	Acke, -s (f.)
151	rain	Pflübe, -s (f.)
152	river	Flüme, -n (n., w.)
153	lake	Lach, Läche (m.)
154	sea	Mahr, -e (n.)
155	salt	Saal, -s (m.)
156	stone	Pfetter, -s (f.)
157	sand	Riene, -s (f.)
158	dust	Pfüll, -es (m.)
159	earth	Zerre, -s (f.)
160	cloud	Näube, -s (f.)
161	fog	Nebel, -s (f.)
162	sky	Kiel, -e (n.)
163	wind	Went, -e (m.)
164	snow	Nehb, -es (f.)
165	ice	Gläche, -s (f.)
166	smoke	Fuhm, Fühme (m.)
167	fire	Voch, Vöche (m.)
168	ash	Kener, -s (m.)
169	burn	arter, arte, ärse, ars
170	road	Straße, -s (f.)
171	mountain	Mont, -s (m.)
172	red	rober
173	green	wehrt
174	yellow	flahb
175	white	alb
176	black	neger
177	night	Nocht, -es (f.)
178	day	Teie, -s (m.)
179	year	Ann, Änne (m.)
180	warm	kalt
181	cold	freikt
182	full	pflien
183	new	nohb
184	old	wesser
185	good	bohn
186	bad	mahl
187	rotten	pfütter
188	dirty	sört
189	straight	richt
190	round	rossend
191	sharp	äcker
192	dull	jeebs
193	smooth	lehb
194	wet	aut
195	dry	sick
196	correct	korricht
197	near	pfrochsen
198	far	long
199	right	tester
200	left	senster
201	at	in; at
202	in	in
203	with	kun
204	and	es
205	if	sei
206	because	keie
207	name	Nume, -n (n., w.)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)

Züße Omens naschen leibere es equale in Tinnesse es Jäureb. Isse son tie Rassune es Konscienze tußesse, es isse tieben aun altere in Spiritus tie Fraßerness ager.

Iberian Celtic lang

No.	English
1	I	mi
2	you (singular)	tu
3	he
4	we	nis
5	you (plural)	sis
6	they
7	this
8	that
9	here
10	there
11	who	quien
12	what	que
13	where
14	when	quan
15	how
16	not	ne
17	all	welho
18	many	elo
19	some	negos
20	few
21	other	alho
22	one	ono
23	two	duo
24	three	tris
25	four	quiodres
26	five	quinque
27	big	maro
28	long	siro
29	wide
30	thick	tievo
31	heavy
32	small	beco
33	short	berro
34	narrow	ango
35	thin
36	woman	biena
37	man (adult male)	vero
38	man (human being)	duenho
39	child	maco
40	wife
41	husband
42	mother	madre
43	father	adre
44	animal	milo
45	fish	esco
46	bird
47	dog	con
48	louse
49	snake
50	worm	preme
51	tree	prieno
52	forest
53	stick
54	fruit
55	seed	silo
56	leaf
57	root
58	bark	rosco
59	flower
60	grass	guelta
61	rope
62	skin
63	meat	chigo
64	blood	cruevo
65	bone
66	fat (noun)
67	egg
68	horn
69	tail
70	feather
71	hair	vuelto
72	head	queño
73	ear	closta
74	eye
75	nose
76	mouth
77	tooth	dante
78	tongue	tanguad
79	fingernail
80	foot
81	leg
82	knee
83	hand
84	wing
85	belly
86	guts
87	neck
88	back
89	breast
90	heart
91	liver
92	to drink
93	to eat
94	to bite
95	to suck
96	to spit
97	to vomit
98	to blow
99	to breathe
100	to laugh
101	to see
102	to hear
103	to know
104	to think
105	to smell
106	to fear
107	to sleep
108	to live
109	to die
110	to kill
111	to fight
112	to hunt
113	to hit
114	to cut
115	to split
116	to stab
117	to scratch
118	to dig
119	to swim
120	to fly
121	to walk
122	to come
123	to lie
124	to sit
125	to stand
126	to turn
127	to fall
128	to give
129	to hold
130	to squeeze
131	to rub
132	to wash
133	to wipe
134	to pull
135	to push
136	to throw
137	to tie
138	to sew
139	to count
140	to say
141	to sing
142	to play
143	to float
144	to flow
145	to freeze
146	to swell
147	sun
148	moon
149	star
150	water
151	rain
152	river
153	lake
154	sea
155	salt
156	stone
157	sand
158	dust
159	earth
160	cloud
161	fog
162	sky
163	wind
164	snow
165	ice
166	smoke
167	fire
168	ash
169	burn
170	road
171	mountain
172	red
173	green
174	yellow
175	white
176	black
177	night
178	day
179	year
180	warm
181	cold
182	full
183	new
184	old
185	good
186	bad
187	rotten
188	dirty
189	straight
190	round
191	sharp
192	dull
193	smooth
194	wet
195	dry
196	correct
197	near
198	far
199	right
200	left
201	at
202	in
203	with
204	and
205	if
206	because
207	name

Descendent of Old Latin

No.	English
1	I	mu
2	you (singular)	tu
3	he	gio
4	we	nox
5	you (plural)	gox
6	they	giox (m.); giax (f.)
7	this	xicce
8	that	isto
9	here	xic
10	there	eve
11	who	quex
12	what	que
13	where	cove
14	when	quando
15	how	quan
16	not	ne
17	all	guabrix
18	many	moltox (m.); moltax (f.)
19	some
20	few	pocox; pokax
21	other	alio
22	one	gueno (m.); guena (f.)
23	two	dúox (m.); dúax (f.)
24	three	trix
25	four	quattor
26	five	chinque
27	big	mangro
28	long	luango
29	wide	lato
30	thick
31	heavy
32	small
33	short
34	narrow
35	thin
36	woman	femna
37	man (adult male)	guero
38	man (human being)	huamne
39	child
40	wife	femna
41	husband	guero
42	mother	matre
43	father	patre
44	animal
45	fish	pesci
46	bird	agui
47	dog	cane
48	louse
49	snake	serpiante
50	worm	ghiarmi
51	tree	arbre
52	forest	selgua
53	stick
54	fruit	pomo
55	seed
56	leaf	folio
57	root
58	bark
59	flower
60	grass
61	rope
62	skin
63	meat	carne
64	blood
65	bone
66	fat (noun)
67	egg	ogo
68	horn
69	tail
70	feather
71	hair
72	head
73	ear
74	eye	guaclo
75	nose	naso
76	mouth
77	tooth	diante
78	tongue	dengua
79	fingernail
80	foot
81	leg
82	knee
83	hand
84	wing
85	belly
86	guts
87	neck
88	back
89	breast
90	heart
91	liver
92	to drink	bivre, bivo, beve
93	to eat	giadre, giado, gede
94	to bite
95	to suck
96	to spit
97	to vomit	guamre, guamo, gome
98	to blow
99	to breathe
100	to laugh
101	to see	guedere, guedio, guise
102	to hear	odire, odio, odigue
103	to know	groscre, grosco, grogue
104	to think
105	to smell	sentire, sianto, sentigue
106	to fear
107	to sleep
108	to live	guigre, guigo, guige
109	to die
110	to kill
111	to fight
112	to hunt
113	to hit
114	to cut
115	to split
116	to stab
117	to scratch
118	to dig
119	to swim
120	to fly
121	to walk
122	to come
123	to lie
124	to sit
125	to stand
126	to turn
127	to fall
128	to give
129	to hold
130	to squeeze
131	to rub
132	to wash
133	to wipe
134	to pull
135	to push
136	to throw
137	to tie
138	to sew
139	to count
140	to say
141	to sing
142	to play
143	to float
144	to flow
145	to freeze
146	to swell
147	sun	sol
148	moon	lona
149	star
150	water	aqua
151	rain
152	river
153	lake
154	sea	mare
155	salt
156	stone
157	sand
158	dust
159	earth	tiarra
160	cloud
161	fog
162	sky	celo
163	wind	ghianto
164	snow
165	ice
166	smoke
167	fire
168	ash
169	burn
170	road
171	mountain	muante
172	red
173	green
174	yellow
175	white	albo
176	black	negro
177	night	noapte
178	day	día
179	year	anno
180	warm
181	cold
182	full	pleno
183	new	nogo
184	old	seno
185	good	dueno
186	bad	malo
187	rotten
188	dirty
189	straight
190	round
191	sharp
192	dull
193	smooth
194	wet
195	dry	secco
196	correct
197	near
198	far
199	right
200	left
201	at	a
202	in	en
203	with	con
204	and	e
205	if
206	because
207	name	nome

Blank Swadesh list

No.	English
1	I
2	you (singular)
3	he
4	we
5	you (plural)
6	they
7	this
8	that
9	here
10	there
11	who
12	what
13	where
14	when
15	how
16	not
17	all
18	many
19	some
20	few
21	other
22	one
23	two
24	three
25	four
26	five
27	big
28	long
29	wide
30	thick
31	heavy
32	small
33	short
34	narrow
35	thin
36	woman
37	man (adult male)
38	man (human being)
39	child
40	wife
41	husband
42	mother
43	father
44	animal
45	fish
46	bird
47	dog
48	louse
49	snake
50	worm
51	tree
52	forest
53	stick
54	fruit
55	seed
56	leaf
57	root
58	bark
59	flower
60	grass
61	rope
62	skin
63	meat
64	blood
65	bone
66	fat (noun)
67	egg
68	horn
69	tail
70	feather
71	hair
72	head
73	ear
74	eye
75	nose
76	mouth
77	tooth
78	tongue
79	fingernail
80	foot
81	leg
82	knee
83	hand
84	wing
85	belly
86	guts
87	neck
88	back
89	breast
90	heart
91	liver
92	drink
93	eat
94	bite
95	suck
96	spit
97	vomit
98	blow
99	breathe
100	laugh
101	see
102	hear
103	know
104	think
105	smell
106	fear
107	sleep
108	live
109	die
110	kill
111	fight
112	hunt
113	hit
114	cut
115	split
116	stab
117	scratch
118	dig
119	swim
120	fly
121	walk
122	come
123	lie
124	sit
125	stand
126	turn
127	fall
128	give
129	hold
130	squeeze
131	rub
132	wash
133	wipe
134	pull
135	push
136	throw
137	tie
138	sew
139	count
140	say
141	sing
142	play
143	float
144	flow
145	freeze
146	swell
147	sun
148	moon
149	star
150	water
151	rain
152	river
153	lake
154	sea
155	salt
156	stone
157	sand
158	dust
159	earth
160	cloud
161	fog
162	sky
163	wind
164	snow
165	ice
166	smoke
167	fire
168	ash
169	burn
170	road
171	mountain
172	red
173	green
174	yellow
175	white
176	black
177	night
178	day
179	year
180	warm
181	cold
182	full
183	new
184	old
185	good
186	bad
187	rotten
188	dirty
189	straight
190	round
191	sharp
192	dull
193	smooth
194	wet
195	dry
196	correct
197	near
198	far
199	right
200	left
201	at
202	in
203	with
204	and
205	if
206	because
207	name

Blank Swadesh list

No.	English
1	I
2	you (singular)
3	he
4	we
5	you (plural)
6	they
7	this
8	that
9	here
10	there
11	who
12	what
13	where
14	when
15	how
16	not
17	all
18	many
19	some
20	few
21	other
22	one
23	two
24	three
25	four
26	five
27	big
28	long
29	wide
30	thick
31	heavy
32	small
33	short
34	narrow
35	thin
36	woman
37	man (adult male)
38	man (human being)
39	child
40	wife
41	husband
42	mother
43	father
44	animal
45	fish
46	bird
47	dog
48	louse
49	snake
50	worm
51	tree
52	forest
53	stick
54	fruit
55	seed
56	leaf
57	root
58	bark
59	flower
60	grass
61	rope
62	skin
63	meat
64	blood
65	bone
66	fat (noun)
67	egg
68	horn
69	tail
70	feather
71	hair
72	head
73	ear
74	eye
75	nose
76	mouth
77	tooth
78	tongue
79	fingernail
80	foot
81	leg
82	knee
83	hand
84	wing
85	belly
86	guts
87	neck
88	back
89	breast
90	heart
91	liver
92	to drink
93	to eat
94	to bite
95	to suck
96	to spit
97	to vomit
98	to blow
99	to breathe
100	to laugh
101	to see
102	to hear
103	to know
104	to think
105	to smell
106	to fear
107	to sleep
108	to live
109	to die
110	to kill
111	to fight
112	to hunt
113	to hit
114	to cut
115	to split
116	to stab
117	to scratch
118	to dig
119	to swim
120	to fly
121	to walk
122	to come
123	to lie
124	to sit
125	to stand
126	to turn
127	to fall
128	to give
129	to hold
130	to squeeze
131	to rub
132	to wash
133	to wipe
134	to pull
135	to push
136	to throw
137	to tie
138	to sew
139	to count
140	to say
141	to sing
142	to play
143	to float
144	to flow
145	to freeze
146	to swell
147	sun
148	moon
149	star
150	water
151	rain
152	river
153	lake
154	sea
155	salt
156	stone
157	sand
158	dust
159	earth
160	cloud
161	fog
162	sky
163	wind
164	snow
165	ice
166	smoke
167	fire
168	ash
169	burn
170	road
171	mountain
172	red
173	green
174	yellow
175	white
176	black
177	night
178	day
179	year
180	warm
181	cold
182	full
183	new
184	old
185	good
186	bad
187	rotten
188	dirty
189	straight
190	round
191	sharp
192	dull
193	smooth
194	wet
195	dry
196	correct
197	near
198	far
199	right
200	left
201	at
202	in
203	with
204	and
205	if
206	because
207	name

Blank Swadesh List (WikiMedia Format)

No.	English
1	I
2	you (singular)
3	he
4	we
5	you (plural)
6	they
7	this
8	that
9	here
10	there
11	who
12	what
13	where
14	when
15	how
16	not
17	all
18	many
19	some
20	few
21	other
22	one
23	two
24	three
25	four
26	five
27	big
28	long
29	wide
30	thick
31	heavy
32	small
33	short
34	narrow
35	thin
36	woman
37	man (adult male)
38	man (human being)
39	child
40	wife
41	husband
42	mother
43	father
44	animal
45	fish
46	bird
47	dog
48	louse
49	snake
50	worm
51	tree
52	forest
53	stick
54	fruit
55	seed
56	leaf
57	root
58	bark
59	flower
60	grass
61	rope
62	skin
63	meat
64	blood
65	bone
66	fat (noun)
67	egg
68	horn
69	tail
70	feather
71	hair
72	head
73	ear
74	eye
75	nose
76	mouth
77	tooth
78	tongue
79	fingernail
80	foot
81	leg
82	knee
83	hand
84	wing
85	belly
86	guts
87	neck
88	back
89	breast
90	heart
91	liver
92	to drink
93	to eat
94	to bite
95	to suck
96	to spit
97	to vomit
98	to blow
99	to breathe
100	to laugh
101	to see
102	to hear
103	to know
104	to think
105	to smell
106	to fear
107	to sleep
108	to live
109	to die
110	to kill
111	to fight
112	to hunt
113	to hit
114	to cut
115	to split
116	to stab
117	to scratch
118	to dig
119	to swim
120	to fly
121	to walk
122	to come
123	to lie
124	to sit
125	to stand
126	to turn
127	to fall
128	to give
129	to hold
130	to squeeze
131	to rub
132	to wash
133	to wipe
134	to pull
135	to push
136	to throw
137	to tie
138	to sew
139	to count
140	to say
141	to sing
142	to play
143	to float
144	to flow
145	to freeze
146	to swell
147	sun
148	moon
149	star
150	water
151	rain
152	river
153	lake
154	sea
155	salt
156	stone
157	sand
158	dust
159	earth
160	cloud
161	fog
162	sky
163	wind
164	snow
165	ice
166	smoke
167	fire
168	ash
169	burn
170	road
171	mountain
172	red
173	green
174	yellow
175	white
176	black
177	night
178	day
179	year
180	warm
181	cold
182	full
183	new
184	old
185	good
186	bad
187	rotten
188	dirty
189	straight
190	round
191	sharp
192	dull
193	smooth
194	wet
195	dry
196	correct
197	near
198	far
199	right
200	left
201	at
202	in
203	with
204	and
205	if
206	because
207	name

Vocab template

Time -

Seasons -

English
spring
summer
fall
winter

Gregorian months -

English
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Days of the week -

English
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday

Parts of the day -

English
day
dawn
morning
noon
afternoon
evening
dusk
night
midnight

Units of time -

English
second
minute
hour
day
week
month
season
year

Time adverbs -

English
now
then
recently, a short time ago
earlier
soon, shortly
later
always
often
sometimes
rarely
never
ever
still, yet
already
today
tonight
yesterday
last night
tomorrow
before yesterday
two nights ago
after tomorrow
this week
last week
next week

Colours -

Colours -

English
white
grey
black
red
orange
brown
yellow
green
blue
pink
purple
golden

My Somali Arabic alphabet

Letters

Somali Arabic Alphabet

Name		Forms				Sound represented	Latin equivalent	Notes
Arabicized	Traditional Somali	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
alif الف	alif الف	ا	ـا			/aː/	aa	alif has two functions: firstly, as a carrier for hamzah (which may not be written, especially at the beginning of words). Secondly, for showing the long vowel "aa".
baa' باء	ba' بأ	ب	ـب	ـبـ	بـ	/b/	b
paa' پاء	pa' پأ	پ	ـپ	ـپـ	پـ	[β] (weak allophone of /b/); /p/ (loanwords, Af Maay)	b; p (Af Maay)	This is an extra letter that is not normally used. It can be used for intervocalic /b/ pronounced as /β/, especially in Af Maay. It can also be used for /p/ in foreign words (where it is usually replaced with b) and initially in some Af Maay words.
taa' تاء	ta' تأ	ت	ـت	ـتـ	تـ	/t/	t
thaaʼ ثاء	tha' ثأ	ث	ـث	ـثـ	ثـ	/θ/ (loanwords)	s	Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as s or t (or sometimes d).
jiim جيم	jiim جيم	ج	ـج	ـجـ	جـ	/d͡ʒ ~ t͡ʃ/	j
jhiim ڃيم	jhiim ڃيم	ڃ	ـڃ	ـڃـ	ڃـ	/ʄ/	jh (Af Maay)	Used in Af Maay. Generally corresponds to dh or j in Af Maxaa.
chiim چيم	chiim چيم	چ	ـچ	ـچـ	چـ	/t͡ʃ/	(ch)	Exclusively for foreign words (almost always replaced with jiim).
xaa' حاء	xa' حأ	ح	ـح	ـحـ	حـ	/ħ/	x
khaa' خاء	kha' خأ	خ	ـخ	ـخـ	خـ	/χ/	kh
daal دال	deel ديل	د	ـد			/d/	d
thaal ذال	theel ذيل	ذ	ـذ			/ð/ (foreign); [ð] (weak allophone of /d/)	d; th (Af Maay)	Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. It can also be used in native Sonali words for [ð], especially in Af Maay.
dhaal ڎال	dheel	ڎ	ـڎ			/ɖ/	dh	Additional letter not present in Arabic. Can be used as a less common alternative of ڟ. Alternatively, it can be used for /ɖ/ in "dh-dialects" in positions where it is replaced with /r/ in "r-dialects".
raaʾ راء	ra' رأ	ر	ـر			/r/	r
zaay زاي	za' زأ	ز	ـز			/z/ (foreign)	s	Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as s.
siin سين	siin سين	س	ـس	ـسـ	سـ	/s/	s
shiin شين	shiin شين	ش	ـش	ـشـ	شـ	/ʃ/	sh
ṣaad صاد	ṣaad صاد	ص	ـص	ـصـ	صـ	/sˁ/ (Arabic)	s	Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as s.
ḍaad ضاد	ḍaad ضاد	ض	ـض	ـضـ	ضـ	/d͡ɮˁ/ (Arabic)	l, d	Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as d or l.
ṭaa' طاء	ṭa' طأ	ط	ـط	ـطـ	طـ	/tˁ/ (Arabic); /d/ (back harmony)	d	Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Used (optionally) in some Somali words for /d/ near back harmony vowels.
ṭhaa' ظاء	ṭha' ظأ	ظ	ـظ	ـظـ	ظـ	/ðˁ/; [ð] (weak allophone of /d/, back harmony)	d, th (Af Maay)	Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Can be used in Somali words for the [ð] allophone of /d/ near back harmony vowels.
dhaaʾ ڟاء	dha' ڟأ	ڟ	ـڟ	ـڟـ	ڟـ	/ɖ/	dh	Additional letter not present in Arabic.
cayn عين	cayn عين	ع	ـع	ـعـ	عـ	/ʕ/	c
ghayn غين	ɣayn غين	غ	ـغ	ـغـ	غـ	/ɣ/ (Arabic); [ɣ] (weak allophone of /ɡ/)	q; gh (Af Maay)	Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. It can also be used for the [ɣ] allophone of g, especially in Af Maay.
faaʾ فاء	fa' فأ	ف	ـف	ـفـ	فـ	/f/	f
vaaʾ ڤاء	va' ڤأ	ف	ـف	ـفـ	فـ	/v/	v (foreign)	Exclusively for foreign words (almost always replaced with faa').
qaaf قاف	qaaf قاف	ق	ـق	ـقـ	قـ	/q/; /ɠ~ʛ/ (Af Maay)	q
kaaf كاف	kaaf كاف	ك	ـك	ـكـ	كـ	/k/	k
gaaf ڭاف	gaaf ڭاف	ڭ‎	ـڭ‎	ـڭـ	ڭـ	/ɡ/	g	Additional letter not present in Arabic.
laam لام	laam لام	ل	ـل	ـلـ	لـ	/l/	l
miim ميم	miim ميم	م	ـم	ـمـ	مـ	/m/	m, -n	Often represents /n/ when unvowelled word-finally.
ngiim ݦيم	ngiim ݦيم	ݦ	ـݦ	ـݦـ	ݦـ	/ŋ/	ng	Used in Af Maay. Equivalent to final or pre-consonantal -n in Af Maxaa. Can instead be written with nuun.
nuun نون	nuun نون	ن	ـن	ـنـ	نـ	/n/	n
nyuun ݧون	nyuun ݧون	ݧ	ـݧ	ـݧـ	ݧـ	/ɲ/	ny (also written "y‘" in Af Maay)	Mainly used in Af Maay. It can also be used in Af Maxaa, but it is usually replaced with y or else written as ny.
waaw واو	woow وو	و	ـو			/w/ /ɞ: ~ ɔ:/, /ʉ: ~ u:/	w oo, uu	The letter waaw serves three functions. Firstly, is as a consonant, with a sound /w/. Secondly, it is used to write the long vowels /oː/ and /uː/. Finally, it is used as a carrier for hamzah.
haa' هاء	ha' هأ	ه ة	ـه ـة	ـهـ	هـ	/h/	h	Haa' is also used silently at the end of nouns ending in /e/, /o/, (in Af Maay) /ə/. Such a silent haa' may be replaced with taa' marbuuṭah (ـَة، ة) in some words (generally feminine words and/or words that end in it in Arabic).
yaa' ياء	ya' يأ	ي	ـي	ـيـ	يـ	/j/ /eː ~ ɛ:/, /i: ~ ɪ:/	y ee, ii	The letter yaa' serves three functions. Firstly, it is used as a consonant, with a sound /j/. Secondly, it is used to write the long vowels /eː/ and /iː/. Finally, it is used as a carrier for hamzah. It can also be used silently at the ends of words ending in -e as an alternative to haa'.
hamzah همزة	hamse/firgin همزه\فرڭن	ء أ ؤ ئ	ـأ ـؤ ـئ	ـئـ	ئـ	/ʔ/	’	It may be written on its own (ء) or with a carrier (أ، ؤ، ئ) depending on the environment.

Diacritics

Diacritics in Somali Arabic Alphabet

Name		Diacritic	Sound represented	Latin equivalent	Remarks
Arabized	Traditional (adjective)
فتحة fatxah	كرڟبن kordhaban	◌َ	/a/	a
		◌ٖ	/e/	e
كسرة kasrah	هوسڟبن hoosdhaban	◌ِ	/i/	i
		◌ٗ	/o/	o
ضمة ḍammah	ڭدن godan	◌ُ	/u/	u
		◌٘	/ə(ʰ)/	y (Af Maay)	Used in Af Maay.
مدة maddah	مدن madan	◌ٓ	(aː)	(aa)	Only used on alif to represent the long vowel [aː].
سكون sukuun	ريبن reebban	◌ْ	(absence of vowel)		Used to show that a consonant is not followed by a vowel. It is also used on the second element of diphthongs, and optionally on the long vowel letter of long vowels.
شدة shaddah	شدن shadan	◌ّ	(geminated consonant)		Used to show that a consonant is geminated.
		◌ٰ	/aː/	aa	Used for /aː/ in a few words as an alternative to ـَا.
فتحتين\فتحة تنوين fatxatayn/fatxah tanwiin	لب كرڟبن laba kordhaban	◌ً	/an/	an	In Arabic phrases only.
كسرتين\كسرة تنوين kasratayn/kasrah tanwiin	لب هوسڟبن laba hoosdhaban	◌ٍ	/in/	in
ضمتين\ضمة تنوين ḍammatayn/ḍammah tanwiin	لب ڭدن laba godan	◌ٌ	/un/	un

Long vowels are written as the short vowel followed by the corresponding long vowel letter.

Long vowels in the Somali Arabic Alphabet

aa	ee	ii	oo	uu
ـَا	ـٖي	ـِي	ـٗو	ـُو

Diphthongs in the Somali Arabic Alphabet

aw	ay	ey	ow	oy	aaw	aay	eey	oow	ooy
ـَوْ	ـَيْ	ـٖيْ	ـٗوْ	ـٗيْ	ـَاوْ	ـَايْ	ـٖيّْ	ـٗوّْ	ـٗويْ

Vowels, when occurring at the beginning of words, are placed on top of alif (ا). This alif actually has a hamzah on it; however, this hamzah is often left unwritten. However, /(ʔ)aː/ is written with maddah on alif (آ).

Vowels at the beginning of words in the Somali Arabic Alphabet

Short vowels					Long vowels
a	e	i	o	u	aa	ee	ii	oo	uu
اَ	اٖ	اِ	اٗ	اُ	آ	اٖي	اِي	اٗو	اُو

Adapted for other languages

Oromo

Similar to Somali, but with the following changes:

• ڀ for /pʼ/.
• ڇ or ڃ for /tʃʼ/.
• ط for /tʼ/ in native Oromo words.
• ڠ‎ for /ɡ/ instead of ڭ‎ (though ڭ‎ can alternatively be used).
• ق for /kʼ/ in native Oromo words.
• There is no ݦ.

Amharic and Tigrigna

Similar to Oromo, with the following changes:

• پ is exclusively used for /p/.
  • /β/ is represented identically to /v/: ڤ.
• ژ for /ʒ/.
• ڞ for /(t)sʼ/.
• There is no ڟ.
• څ for /xʼ/ (exclusive to Tigrigna).
• Vowels:
  • /e/ and /o/ are written as Somali /eː/ and /oː/ respectively.
  • /ə/ is written as Somali /a/.
  • /a/ is written as Somali /aː/ (though it may be written as /a/ after guttural consonants).
  • /i/ and /u/ are written as Somali /i(ː)/ and /u(ː)/ respectively. They are most often written as the long variants except in Arabic loanwords.
  • /ɨ/ is written as Af Maay /ə/.
  • Labialized consonants are written either as a combination of consinant plus /w/, or with a ḍammah as follows (with /kʷ/ as an example):

Representation of labialized consonants

kʷə	kʷi	kʷa	kʷe	kʷ(ɨ)
كَُ	كُِي	كَُا	كُٖي	كُ

Additional letters for other languages spoken in Ethiopia

When needed, the following additional letters are used:

• ݝ for /ŋ/.
• ڮ‎ for /kʼ/ when distinguished from /q/.
• Gurage palatalized velars:
  • ك࣮ for /kʲ/.
  • عٔ for /ɡʲ/.
  • ٯٔ for /kʲʼ/.
  • حٔ for /xʲ/.
• Retroflex:
  • ٿ for /ʈʂ/.
  • ڟ for /ʈʂʼ/ (instead of /ɖ/).
  • ݜ for /ʂ/.
  • ڙ for /ʐ/.
• Implosives:
  • ڀ for /ɓ/ (instead of /pʼ/).
  • ڎ for /ɗ/.

Deslavic

Basically, a Slavic language that lost all (or most) distinctive Slavic features.

Note: It's not that these features did not develop, but rather they did develop and then were lost.

Phonology

• Palatalization:
  • Palatalized consonants are lost, either merging with their plain counterparts or become a different consonant altogether.
  • When a root would have alterations between palatalized and non-palatalized consonants, one of these variants is selected and extended to all forms.
• Voiced fricatives are devoiced.
• Maximum syllable structure is CVC.

Fate of consonants

Proto-Slavic	Unpalatalized	Palatalized
m	m	m
p	p	p
b	w	w
v	f	f
n	n	n
t	t	s
d	l	s
c	s	s
dz	s	s
s	s	s
z	s	s
r	r	r
l	w	l
ň	—	y
ť	—	k
ď	—	y
č	—	s
šč	—	s
ždž	—	s
š	—	s
ś	s	s
ž	—	s
ř	—	r
ľ	—	y
j	—	y
k	k	—
g	h	—
x	h	—

Swadesh list

No.	English	Deslavic
1	I	ya
2	you (singular)	ti
3	he	un
4	we	mi
5	you (plural)	fi
6	they	ni
7	this	se, uf
8	that	tun
9	here	sim
10	there	tam
11	who	kit
12	what	sit
13	where	kis
14	when	kuhul
15	how	yak
16	not	ne
17	all	fis
18	many	munuh
19	some
20	few	mawk
21	other	yin
22	one	yisin
23	two	lif
24	three	tiri
25	four	sitir
26	five	pes
27	big	filik
28	long	luf
29	wide	suruk
30	thick	tilis
31	heavy	sesek
32	small	maw
33	short	kurtuk
34	narrow	usuk
35	thin	sinik
36	woman	sen
37	man (adult male)	mus
38	man (human being)	soofek
39	child	ses
40	wife	sen
41	husband	mus
42	mother	mas
43	father	wak
44	animal	sefer
45	fish	ruu
46	bird	pisis
47	dog	pis
48	louse	fis
49	snake	us
50	worm	sirif
51	tree	leref
52	forest	les
53	stick	peles
54	fruit	ufuk
55	seed	sem
56	leaf	lis
57	root	kirin
58	bark	kur
59	flower	kefet
60	grass	taraf
61	rope	fus
62	skin	kurup
63	meat	mes
64	blood	kirif
65	bone	kus
66	fat (noun)	salu
67	egg	yays
68	horn	ruh
69	tail	hufus
70	feather	per
71	hair	fulus
72	head	huluf
73	ear	uh
74	eye	uk
75	nose	nus
76	mouth	us
77	tooth	suu
78	tongue
79	fingernail	nuhus
80	foot	nuh
81	leg	nuh
82	knee	kelen
83	hand	ruk
84	wing	kirilu
85	belly	wuruh
86	guts	urtuu
87	neck	kirik
88	back	hirwit
89	breast	piris
90	heart	sillis
91	liver	eter
92	to drink	pis
93	to eat	yes
94	to bite	kus
95	to suck	sis
96	to spit	pifas
97	to vomit	wifas
98	to blow	dohos
99	to breathe
100	to laugh
101	to see
102	to hear
103	to know
104	to think
105	to smell
106	to fear
107	to sleep
108	to live
109	to die
110	to kill
111	to fight
112	to hunt
113	to hit
114	to cut
115	to split
116	to stab
117	to scratch
118	to dig
119	to swim
120	to fly
121	to walk
122	to come
123	to lie
124	to sit
125	to stand
126	to turn
127	to fall
128	to give
129	to hold
130	to squeeze
131	to rub
132	to wash
133	to wipe
134	to pull
135	to push
136	to throw
137	to tie
138	to sew
139	to count
140	to say
141	to sing
142	to play
143	to float
144	to flow
145	to freeze
146	to swell
147	sun
148	moon
149	star
150	water
151	rain
152	river
153	lake
154	sea
155	salt
156	stone
157	sand
158	dust
159	earth
160	cloud
161	fog
162	sky
163	wind
164	snow
165	ice
166	smoke
167	fire
168	ash
169	burn
170	road
171	mountain
172	red
173	green
174	yellow
175	white
176	black
177	night
178	day
179	year
180	warm
181	cold
182	full
183	new
184	old
185	good
186	bad
187	rotten
188	dirty
189	straight
190	round
191	sharp
192	dull
193	smooth
194	wet
195	dry
196	correct
197	near
198	far
199	right
200	left
201	at
202	in
203	with
204	and
205	if
206	because
207	name

Germanicized Balto-Slavic

From Proto-Balto-Slavic

Fate of phonemes

Proto-Balto-Slavic	Germano-Balto-Slavic
m	m
p	f, b
b	p
w	w
n	n
t	þ, d
d	t
s	s, z
z	z
r	r
l	l
ś	s, z
š	s, z
ź	z
j	j
k	h, g
g	k

Swadesh list

No.	English	Proto-Germano-Balto-Slavic
1	I	*ēzų
2	you (singular)	*þū
3	he	*iz; *anaz
4	we	*mez, *miz
5	you (plural)	*jūz, *juz
6	they	*īz
7	this	*siz
8	that	*þaz; *anaz
9	here	*sī
10	there	*þut
11	who	*haz
12	what	*hą
13	where	*hut
14	when	*hatō
15	how	*hōhaz
16	not	ne
17	all	*wisaz
18	many	*manakaz
19	some	*hiliz
20	few
21	other
22	one	*ainaz
23	two	*twō
24	three	*þrīz
25	four	*heduriz
26	five	*finh
27	big
28	long	*tilkaz
29	wide	*fladuz
30	thick	*stōraz
31	heavy	*þinguz
32	small	*smalaz
33	short	*kartuz
34	narrow	*anguz
35	thin	*þinnaz
36	woman	*kenō
37	man (adult male)	*wīraz
38	man (human being)	*zumô
39	child	*tēdiz; *waigaz
40	wife	*kenō
41	husband	*mankijaz
42	mother	*mōþê (*mōþer-)
43	father	*þewaz
44	animal	*dwēriz
45	fish	*gūz (*guw-)
46	bird	*fudō
47	dog	*hwô (*hun-)
48	louse
49	snake	*ankiz
50	worm	*hirmiz
51	tree	*terwą
52	forest	*lēsuz
53	stick	*haugaz
54	fruit
55	seed	*sēmį
56	leaf	*lafaz
57	root	*harô
58	bark	*harō
59	flower	*hwaidaz
60	grass	*þrōwō
61	rope	*wirwiz
62	skin	*ōtō
63	meat	*minzō
64	blood	*hrawją
65	bone	*haulaz
66	fat (noun)	*þaugaz
67	egg	*ōjją
68	horn	*rakaz
69	tail
70	feather	*flunhsnō
71	hair
72	head	*kalwō
73	ear	*ausiz
74	eye
75	nose
76	mouth
77	tooth	*tandiz; *gampaz
78	tongue	*inzūz
79	fingernail
80	foot	*fēdō
81	leg
82	knee
83	hand	*ranhō
84	wing	*sparnaz
85	belly	*indrą
86	guts	*wēterō
87	neck
88	back
89	breast	*firsiz
90	heart	*sirtiz
91	liver	*jahnō
92	to drink
93	to eat	*ēstī
94	to bite	*kanstī
95	to suck
96	to spit	*speuþī
97	to vomit
98	to blow	*wēþī
99	to breathe	*gūzōþī
100	to laugh	smijēþī
101	to see	*wītēþī
102	to hear	*hlauziþī
103	to know	*dunōþī
104	to think	*minēþī
105	to smell	*ōstī
106	to fear	*bōþī
107	to sleep
108	to live
109	to die
110	to kill
111	to fight
112	to hunt
113	to hit
114	to cut
115	to split
116	to stab
117	to scratch
118	to dig
119	to swim
120	to fly
121	to walk
122	to come
123	to lie
124	to sit
125	to stand
126	to turn
127	to fall
128	to give
129	to hold
130	to squeeze
131	to rub
132	to wash
133	to wipe
134	to pull
135	to push
136	to throw
137	to tie
138	to sew
139	to count
140	to say
141	to sing
142	to play
143	to float
144	to flow
145	to freeze
146	to swell
147	sun	*saulijō; *sulliz
148	moon	*mēnô
149	star	*kwaistō
150	water	*wantô
151	rain
152	river	*afō
153	lake	*ezerą
154	sea	*mari
155	salt
156	stone	*ahmô
157	sand
158	dust
159	earth	*demê
160	cloud	*nepaz
161	fog	*miklō
162	sky
163	wind	*wēþrō
164	snow	*snaikaz
165	ice	*letuz
166	smoke	*tūmaz
167	fire	*unkniz
168	ash
169	to burn	*tihtī
170	road	*fanþiz
171	mountain
172	red	*rautaz
173	green	*diliz
174	yellow	*kilþaz
175	white	*palþaz
176	black
177	night	*nahtiz
178	day	*tīnaz
179	year
180	warm
181	cold
182	full	*fillaz
183	new	*nawjaz
184	old	*senaz
185	good
186	bad
187	rotten
188	dirty
189	straight
190	round
191	sharp	*agraz
192	dull
193	smooth	*klōtuz
194	wet
195	dry	*sauzaz
196	correct
197	near
198	far
199	right	*tisinaz
200	left	*laiwaz
201	at	*frī
202	in	*in
203	with	*hun
204	and	*ō; *ir; *ī
205	if
206	because
207	name	*immį

Table

Slavic languages

Translation	Late Proto-Slavic	class	Russian		Ukrainian		Bulgarian		Czech	Slovak	Polish	Serbo-Croatian		Slovene	Macedonian		Spanish-sounding Slavic
			Cyrillic	Latin	Cyrillic	Latin	Cyrillic	Latin				standard (Shtokavian)	Chakavian		Cyrillic	Latin	Slavicky Latin	Spanishy Latin	Cyrillic
I	*(j)azъ, (j)ā	prn.	я	ja	я	ja	аз/я(dial.)	az/ja(dial.)	já	ja	ja	jȃ	jå̃	jàz	јас	jas	ja	ya
you (singular)	*ty	prn.	ты	ty	ти	ty	ти	ti	ty	ty	ty	tȋ	tĩ	tȋ	ти	ti	ti	ti
he, she, it	*onъ	prn.	он, она, оно	on, oná, onó	він, вона, воно	vin, voná, vonó	той, тя, то	toj, tya, to	on, ona, ono			ȍn/ȏn, òna, òno	õn, onȁ, onȍ	òn, óna, onọ̑/óno	тој/оној	toj/onoj	on, ona, ono	on, ona, ono
we	*my	prn.	мы	my	ми	my	ни́е	níe	my	my	my	mȋ	mĩ	mȋ	ние	nie	mi	mi
you (plural)	*vy	prn.	вы	vy	ви	vy	ви́е	víe	vy	vy	wy	vȋ	vĩ	vȋ	вие	vie	vi	vi
they	*oni, *ony, *ona	prn.	они́	on'í	вони́	vony	те	te	oni, ony, ona	oni, ony, ona	oni, one	oni, one, ona		oni, one, ona	тие/оние	tie/onie	oni, one, ona
this, that	*tъ	prn.	то	tot, ta, to	той, та, то	toj, ta, to	(това́)	(tová)	ten, ta, to	ten, tá, to	ten, ta, to	tȃj, tȃ, tȏ	tȁ, tȃ, tȏ/tȍ	tȃ, tȃ, tọ̑	ова/она	ova/ona
here	*sьde, *tu		здесь, тут	zd'es', tut	тут	tut	тук, тука	tuk, tuka	zde, tu	tu	tu, tutaj	tu		tù, túkaj, zde	овде, тука	ovde, tuka	tu
there	*tamъ		там	tam	там	tam	там	tam	tam	tam	tam	tamo		tam	таму	tamu	tamo
who	*kъto	prn.	кто	kto	хто	khto	((кой))	((koi))	kdo	kto	kto	(t)kȍ; ki		kdọ́	кој	koj	ko	co
what	*čьto, *čь	prn.	что	čto /što/	що	ščo	що (dial.)	shto	co	čo	co	štȍ/šta	(Vrg.) ča (<*čь)	kaj	што	što	čo	cho
where	*kъde	prn.	где	gd'e	де	de	къде	kəde	kde	kde	gdzie	gd(j)ȅ	kadȅ (Orb.)	kjẹ́	каде	kade	kje	quie
when	*kogъda; *kogъdy	adv./conj.	когда́	kogdá	коли́	kolý	кога́	kogá	(kdy); OCz. kehdy	kedy	kiedy, gdy	kàda		kdáj	кога	koga	kod
how; what (kind of)	kakъ	adv.; prn.	как	kak; kakój	як	jak	как, какъв	kak, kakɤv	(jak) (OCz. jaký)	ako (OSk. aký)	(jak), jaki/jaka/jakie (arch. jako, jakowy/jakowa/jakowe)	kàko, kakav/kakva/kakvo		kakọ̑, kakšen/kakšna/kakšno	како, каков/каква/какво	kako, kakov/kakva/kakvo	kako, kakow/kakwa/kakwo	caco, cacou/cacua/cacuo
not	*ne	adv.	не	ne	ні	ni	не	ne	ne	nie	nie	ne		nè	не	ne	ne
all	*vьśь, *vьśja, vьśe	prn.	весь, вся, всё	v'es', vs'a, vs'o	весь, вся, вcе	ves', vsja, vse	(вси́чки)/вси	(vsíčki)/vsi	(všichni); OCz. veš, všě, vše	(všetci); OSk. vše	(wszyscy); OPl. wszy, wsza, wsze	sȁv, svȁ, svȅ	svȁs, svȁ, svȅ	vǝ̀s, vsà, vsè	се/сето	se/seto	sav, sva, sve	sau, sua, sue
many	*mъnogъ	adj. o	мно́гий	mnógij	бага́то	baháto	мно́го	mnógo (adv.)	mnohý	mnohí	mnogi	mnȍgī		mnọ̑gi	многу	mnogu	noge	nogue
some	*ne + *koliko		не́сколько	n'éskol'ko	де́кілька	dékil'ka	ня́колко	njákolko	několik	niekoľko	kilka	nekoliko		nekọ̑liko, nẹ́kaj	неколку	nekolku	nekolko
few	*malъ		ма́ло	málo	ма́ло	málo	ма́лко	málko	málo	málo	mało	malo		malo	малку	malku	malo
other/second	*drȗgъ	adj. o (c)	друго́й	drugój	дру́гий	drúhyj	друг (today -"other")	drug	druhý	druhý	drugi, (arch.. wtóry)	drȗg	drȕgī	drȗgi	друг (today -"other")	drug	druge	drugue
other	*jь̀nь	prn. (a)	ино́й	inój	і́нший	ínšyj	инак	inak	jiný	iný, inakší	inny	drugi/ini		drȗg	инаку	inaku
one	*(j)edìnъ, *(j)edьnъ	num. o	оди́н, одна́	od'ín, odná	оди́н	odýn	еди́н	edín	jeden	jeden, jedna	jeden	jèdan, jȅdna	jedå̃n, jednȁ, jednȍ	eden, en, ena, eno	еден	eden	en, ena, eno
two	*d(ъ)va	num.	два	dva, dve, dva	два	dva	двa	dva	dva, dvě, dvě	dva, dve	dwa, dwie, dwa	dvȃ, dv(ȉj)e, dvȃ	dvå̑, dvȋ, dvå̑	dvȃ, dvẹ́, dvȃ	два	dva	dva, dvie, dva
three	*trьje, *tri	num.	три	tr'i	три	try	три	tri	tři	tri	trzy	trȋ	trȋ	trȋje, trȋ, trȋ	три	tri	tri
four	*četỳre	num. (a)	четы́ре	č'etýr'e	чоти́ри	čotýry	че́ти́ри	čétíri	čtyři	štyri	cztery	čètiri	četȉri	štirje, štiri, štiri	четири	četiri	četire
five	pę̑tь	num. i (c)	пять	p'at'	п’ять	pjat'	пет	pet	pět	päť	pięć	pȇt	pȇt	pẹ̑t	пет	pet	pet
big, great	*velìkъ; velьkъ	adj. o	вели́кий	v'el'ík'ij	вели́кий	velýkyj	((голям)), вели́к	((goljam)), velík	velký	veľký	wielki	vȅlikī, vȅlikā, vȅlikō	vȅlik, velikȁ, velikȍ	vélik, velíka	голем, велики	golem, veliki	velke
small	*màlъ	adj. o (a)	ма́лый	mályj	мали́й	malýj	(ма́лък); мал	(málǝk); mal	malý	malý	mały	mȁli	må̃lī	mȃli, majhen	малечoк/а/ки/ко, мал, мало/а/и.	malećok/a/ki/ko, mal, malo/a/i	male
long	*dь̀lgъ	adj. o (a)	до́лгий	dólg'ij	до́вгий	dóvhyj	дъ́лъг	dǝ́lǝg	dlouhý	dlhý	długi	dȕg	dȕg	dȏļg, dȏļga, dȏļgo	долг/долго	dolg/dolgo	duegi
short	*kortъ̀kъ	adj. o (b)	коро́ткий	korótk'ij	коро́ткий	korótkyj	кра́тък	krátǝk	krátký	krátky	krótki	krátak, krátka	krå̑tak, krå̄tkȁ, krå̑tko; krãtak, krãtka, krãtko	krátǝk	кратко/а/и, краток	kratko/a/i, kratok	kratko
wide	*širokъ		широ́кий	širók'ij	широ́кий	šyrókyj	широ́к	širók	široký	široký	szeroki	širok		širók	широк, широко/а/и	širok, široko/a/i
narrow	*ǫzъkъ	adj. o	у́зкий	úzk'ij; úzok, uzká, úzko	вузьки́й	vuz'kýj	у́зък	úzǎk	úzký	úzky	wąski	ȕzak, ȕska/uskȁ	ȕsak, uskȁ, ȕsko	ọ́zǝk, ọ́zka	тесно/на/ни/ен	tesno/na/ni/en, teško/a/i
thick	*tъlstъ		то́лстый	tólstyj	товсти́й	towstýj	тлъст	tlǝst	tlustý	tlstý, hrubý	tłusty	debeli		debel, debẹ́l, tọ̑lst	дебел, дебело/а/и	debel, debelo/a/i
thin	*tь̏nъkъ	adj. o (c)	то́нкий	tónk'ij; tónok, tanká, tónko	тонки́й	tonkýj	т'ънък	tǝ́nǝk	tenký	tenký	cienki	tȁnak, tànka/tánka	tȁnak, tankȁ, tȃnko	tǝnǝ́k, tǝnkà	тенок, тенко/а/и	tenok, tenko/a/i
heavy	*tęžъkъ	adj. o	тя́жкий	t'ážkij	тяжки́й	tjažkýj	те́жък	téžǝk	těžký	ťažký	ciężki	téžak, téška	tȅžak, tēškȁ	téžǝk téžka, téžko; težȃk	тежок, тешко/а/и	težok, teško/a/i
woman/wife	*ženà	f. ā (b)	жена́	ž'ená /žená/	дружина	družýna	жена́	žená	žena	žena, manželka	żona	žèna (acc. žènu), supruga	ženȁ (acc. ženȕ)	žéna (wife), žẹ́nska (woman)	жена	ženа
husband, man	*mǫ̑žь	m. jo (c)	муж	muž	муж	muž	мъж	mǝž	muž	muž, manžel	mąż		mȗž (mȗža)	mọ̑ž (možȃ)	маж	maž
man (human)	*čelověkъ	m. o	челове́к	č'elov'ék	чоловік	čolovík (husband)	чове́к	čovék	člověk	človek	człowiek	čòv(j)ek (čòv(j)eka); čȍv(j)ek (čov(j)èka)	čovȉk (čovȉka)	člóvek (človẹ́ka)	човек	čovek
child	*dětę		дитя́	d'it'á	дитина	dytýna	дете́	deté	dítě	dieťa	dziecko, dziecię	d(ij)ete		otrók, dẹ́te	дете	dete
mother	*mati		мать	mat'	мати	máty	ма́йка	májka	matka	matka, mama	matka (arch. mać)	majka, mater, mati		mati	мајка	majka
father	*otьcь		оте́ц	ot'éc	батько	bát'ko	оте́ц	otе́c	otec	otec	ojciec	otac		oče	татко, отец	tatko, otec
wild animal	*zvě̑rь	m. i (c)	зверь	zv'er'	звір	zvir	звяр	zvjar	zvěř	zviera, zver	zwierz, zwierzę	zv(ȉj)er f. (i)	zvȋr (zvȋri) f. (i)	zvẹ̑r (zverȋ)	ѕвер	dzver
fish	*ryba		ры́ба	rýba	риба	rýba	ри́ба	ríba	ryba	ryba	ryba	riba		riba	риба	riba
bird	*pъtica, *pъtъka		пти́ца	pt'íca	птах	ptax	пти́ца	ptíca	pták	vták	ptak	ptica		ptič, ptica	птица	ptica
dog	*pьsъ		соба́ка, пёс	sobáka, p'os	собака, пес	sobáka, pes	пес, ку́че	pes, kúče	pes	pes	pies	pas		pəs	куче, пес	kuče, pes
louse	*vъ̏šь	f. i (c)	вошь	voš' /voš/ (vš'i)	воша	vóša	въ́шка	vǝ́ška	veš	voš	wesz	vȃš (vȁši); ȗš (ȕši)		ùš (ušȋ); ȗš	вошка	voška
snake	*zmьjà	f. iā	змея́	zm'ejá	змія	zmijá	змия́	zmijá	zmije	had, zmija (venomous)	żmija	zmìja	zmijȁ	kača	змија	zmija
worm	*čьrvь		червь	č'erv'	черв'як	červják	че́рвей	čérvej	červ	červ	czerw, robak	crv		črv	црв	crv
tree	*dervo, *dьrvo		де́рево	d'ér'evo	дерево	dérevo	дърво́	dǝrvó	dřevo	strom, drevo	drzewo	drvo		drevọ̑	дрво	drvo
forest	*lěsъ		лес	l'es	ліс	lis	лес	les	les	les, hora	las	lȇs, lijȇs		gozd, lẹ́s, šuma, họ̑sta, mẹ́ja	шума	šuma
stick	*palica, *palъka		па́лка	pálka	палиця	pályc'a	пáлка	pálka	hůl	palica	laska / pałka / kij	štap, palica		palica	палка	palka
fruit	*plodъ		плод	plod	плід	plid	плод, овошка	plod, ovoška	ovoce (plod)	ovocie	owoc (płód)	plod		plọ̑d	плод	plod
seed	*sěmę		се́мя	s'ém'a	насіння	nasínn'a	се́ме	séme	semeno	semeno, semä (archaic)	nasiono/nasienie, ziarno, siemię	s(j)eme		sẹ́me	семе, семенка	seme, semenka
leaf	*listъ		лист	l'ist	лист	lyst	листо́, лист	listó, list	list	list	liść	list		list	лист	list
root	*korenь		ко́рень	kór'en'	корінь	kórin'	ко́рен	kóren	kořen	koreň	korzeń	kor(ij)en		korẹ́n, korenína	корен	koren
bark (of a tree)	*kora		кора́	korá	кора	korá	кора́	korá	kůra	kôra	kora	kora		skọ̑rja	кора	kora
flower	*květъ		цвето́к	cv'etók	квітка	kvítka	цве́те	cvéte	květ	kvet	kwiat, kwiecie	cv(ij)et		rọ̑ža, cvẹ́t, cvetlíca	цвеќе	cvekje
grass	*trava		трава́	travá	трава	travá	трева́	trevá	tráva	tráva	trawa	trava		trava	трева	treva
rope	*ǫže		верёвка	v'er'óvka	мотузка	motúzka	въже́	vǝžé	provaz, houžev	povraz, šnúra, lano	sznur, lina, powróz	uže		vrv, konópec	јаже	jaže
skin	*koža		ко́жа	kóža	шкіра	škíra	ко́жа	kóža	kůže	koža	kożuch, skóra	koža		kọ̑ža	кожа	koža
meat	*męso		мя́со	m'áso	м'ясо	mjáso	ме́со	méso	maso	mäso	mięso	meso		mesọ̑	месо	meso
blood	*kry		кровь	krov'	кров	krov	кръв	krǝv	krev	krv	krew	krv		kri	крв	krv
bone	*kostь		кость	kost'	кістка	kístka	кост, ко́кал	kost, kókal	kost	kosť	kość, kostka(deminutive)	kost		kọ̑st	коска	koska
fat (noun)	*sadlo		са́ло	sálo	жир	žyr	сало (dial.)	salo	sádlo, tuk	tuk, sadlo	tłuszcz, sadło	masnoća, mast, salo		mast, tọ̑lšča, maščóba, salo	сало	salo
egg	*ȃje; *ajьce	n. jo (c); n. jo	яйцо́	jajcó	яйце	jajcé	яйце́	jajcé	vejce	vajce, vajco (regional)	jajo; jajko, jajco	jáje; jájce	jå̑je	jájce	јајце	jajce
horn	*rȍgъ m. o (c)		рог	rog	ріг	rih	рог	rog	roh	roh	róg (rogu)	rȏg (rȍga)		rọ̑g (rọ̑ga/rogȃ)	рог	rog
tail	*xvȍstъ		хвост	hvost	хвіст	xvist	опа́шка	opáška	chvost	chvost	chwost	rȇp		rȅp	о́пашка	ópaška
feather	*però	n. o (b)	перо́	p'eró	перо	peró	перо́	peró	péro	pero, pierko	pióro	pèro	perȍ	perọ̑ (perẹ́sa)	перо	pero
hair	*vȏlsъ	m. o (c)	во́лос	vólos (vólosa)	волосина, волосся	volosýna, volóss'a	влакнó	vlaknó	vlas	vlas	włos, kosmyk	vlȃs (vlȃsa)	vlå̑s (vlå̑sa)	lȃs (lȃsa/lasȗ)	влакно	vlakno
hair, braided hair	*kosà	f. ā (c)		kosá (kósu)	коса	kosá	коса́	kosá	vlasy OCz. kosa	vlasy, vrkoče OSk. kosa	OPl. kosa	kòsa (acc. kȍsu)	(Novi) kosȁ (acc. kosȕ/kȍsu)	lasjẹ́	косa	kosa
head	*golvà	f. ā (c)	голова́	golová (acc. gólovu)	голова	holová	глава́	glavá	hlava	hlava	głowa	gláva (acc. glȃvu)	glå̄vȁ (acc. glå̑vu)	gláva	глава	glava
ear	*ȗxo	n. o (c)	у́хо	úxo, pl. úš'i /úšy/	вухо	vúxo	ухо́	uhó	ucho	ucho	ucho	ȕho/ȕvo, pl. f. ȕši	ȕho (ȕha), pl. m. ȕši	uhọ̑ (ušẹ̑sa)	уво, уше	uvo, uše
eye	*ȍko	n. o (c)	глаз, о́ко	óko (poet.)	око	о́ko	око́	okó	oko			ȍko		okọ̑ (očẹ̑sa)	око	oko
nose	*nȍsъ	m. o (c)	нос	nos	ніс	nis	нос	nos	nos			nȏs (nȍsa)		nọ̑s (nọ̑sa/nosȃ/nosȗ)	нос	nos
mouth	*ūstà	pl. n. o (b)	рот	rot	вуста	vustá	уста́	ustá	ústa		usta	ústa	ũstå̄; ũsta	ústa	уста	usta
tooth	*zǫ̑bъ	m. o (c)	зуб	zub	зуб	zub	зъб	zǝb	zub	zub	ząb	zȗb (zȗba)		zọ̑b (zọ̑ba)	заб	zab
tongue/language	*ęzỳkъ	m. o (a)	язы́к	jazýk	язик, мова	jazýk, móva	ези́к	ezík	jazyk	jazyk	język	jèzik	jazȉk	jézik (jezíka)	јазик	jazik
nail (of finger/toe), claw	*nȍgъtь	m. i/io (c)	но́готь	nógot' (nógt'a)	ніготь	níhot'	но́кът	nókǝt	nehet	necht	paznokieć (OPl. paznogiedź), pazur	nȍkat (nȍkta); nogat (nokta)	nȍhat (nȍhta)	nọ̑ht (nọ̑hta)	нокт, канџа	nokt, kandža
foot, leg	*noga	f. ā (c)	нога́	nogá	ногá	nohá	крак, нога	krak, nogá	noha	noha	noga	nòga (nȍgu)	nogȁ (nȍgu)	nóga	нога	noga
knee	*kolě̀no	n. o (a)	коле́но	kol'éno	коліно	kolíno	коля́но	kolyáno	koleno	koleno	kolano	kòl(j)eno	kolȉno	kolẹ́no	колено/ница	koleno/nica
hand	*rǭkà	f. ā (c)	рука́	ruká	рука	ruká	ръка́	rǝká	ruka	ruka	ręka	rúka (rȗku)	rūkȁ (rȗku)	róka	рака	raka
wing	*krīdlò	n. o (b)	крыло́	kryló	крило	kryló	крило́	kriló	křídlo	krídlo	skrzydło	krílo	(Orb.) krīlȍ	krílo	крило	krilo
belly	*bŗȗxo, *bŗȗxъ	m./n. o (c)	живот	žyvot	живіт	žyvít	корем, стомах, търбух	korem, stomah, tǝrbuh	břicho	brucho	brzuch	trbuh	---	trẹ́buh (trebúha)	стомак, желудник	stomak, želudnik
guts	*červo		кишки́	k'išk'í	кишки́	kyšký	черва́	červá	střeva	črevá	trzewia (ścierwo)	cr(ij)evo		črevo, črevẹ́sje	црева	creva
neck	*šija, *šьja		ше́я	š'éja /šéja/	шия	šýja	врат, ши́я	vrat, šíja	krk	krk	szyja, kark	vrat, šija		vrat	шија	šija
back	*xrьbьtъ		спина́	spiná	спи́на	spýna	гръб	grǝb	záda, hřbet	chbát	grzbiet	leđa		hrbet	грб	grb
shoulder	*pletjè	n. jo (b)	плечó	plečó	плече	plečé	плещи (pl.)	pleští pl.	rameno, pleco	plece, rameno	plecy pl., ramię	pléće, rame	(Novi) plećȅ	rama, plẹ́ča	плеќи	plékji
breast	*grǫ̑dь	f. i (c)	грудь	grud'	груди	hrúdy	гръд	grǝd	prsa, hruď	prsia, hruď	pierś; OPl. grędzi (pl.)	grȗd, prsa		prsi, grudi, nẹ́drje	града	grada
heart	*sь̏rdьce	n. jo (c)	се́рдце	s'érdc'e /s'érce/	серце	sérce	сърце́	sǝrcé	srdce	srdce	serce (OPl. serdce)	sȑce (sȑca)		srcẹ̑ (srcá)	срце	srce
liver	*ę̄trò, *pečenь	n. o (b)		játro/jatró	печінка	pečínka	черен дроб, джигер	cheren drob, džiger	játra (pl.)	pečeň	(wątroba)	jȅtra (pl.)	(Orb.) jiẽtra (pl.)	jẹ́tra (pl.)	џигер, црн дроб	džiger, crn drob
to drink	*pìti	v.	пить	p'it'	пити	pýty	да пи́я	da píja	píti	piť	pić	pȉti (pȉjēm)	pȉti (pījȅš)	píti (píjem)	да пие	da pie
to eat	*ě̀sti	v.	есть	jest'	їсти	jísty	да ям	da jam	jísti	jesť	jeść	jȅsti (jȅdem)	ȉsti/ĩsti (3sg. idẽ)	jẹ́sti (jẹ́m)	да јаде	da jade
to gnaw	*grỳzti	v. (c)	грызть	gryzt'	гризти	hrýzty	да гризя	da grize	hryzat	hrýzť	gryźć	grȉsti (grízēm)	grȉsti (2sg. grīzȅš)	grísti (grízem)	да гризе	da grize
to suck	*sъsàti	v.	соса́ть	sosát' (sosú, sos'ót)	смоктати	smoktáty	(су́ча)	(súča)	sát (saji)	cicať, sať	ssać (ssę)	sisati		sesáti (sesȃm)	да цица	da cica
to spit	*pjь̀vati	v. (a)	плева́ть	pl'evát' (pljujú, plujót)	плювати	pl'uváty	плю́я	pljúja; pljúvam	plivat (plivu)	pľuť (pľujem)	pluć (pluję), (arch. plwać)	pljùvati (pljȕjēm)		pljúvati (pljúvam)	да плука	da pluka
to vomit	*bljьvàti	v.	блева́ть	bl'evát'	блювати	bl'uváty	повръщам, бълвам	povrǝ́shtam, bǝ́lvam	blít (bliju)	zvracať, OSk. bľuť, bľuvať	wymiotować, zwracać, rzygać; OPl. bluć (bluj̨ę)	bljùvati (bljȕjēm), povraćati	(Orb.) bljȕvat (3sg. bljȗje/bljȕva)	brùhati, bljuváti (bljúvam/bljújem)	да повраќа	da povrakja
to blow	*dǫ̀ti	v.	дуть, ве́ять	dut', v'éjat'	ду́ти, ві́яти, дму́хати	dúty, víjaty, dmúxaty	ду́хам, ве́я	dúham, véja	vát, vanout, foukat	duť, fúkať, vanúť	dmuchać, dąć, wiać	dúvati, dúhati		pihati	да дува	da duva
to breathe	*dyxati	v.	дышать	dyshat'	дихати	dýxaty	ди́шам	díšam	dýchat (dýchám)	dýchať (dýcham)	oddychać; dychać (colloq.), dyszeć	dísati (dȋšēm/dȋhām)	dȉhati (2sg. dȉšeš)	díhati (dȋham)	да дише	da diše
to laugh	*smьjàti sę	v. (c)	смея́ться	sm'eját's'a	сміятись	smijátys'	сме́я се	sméja se	smát se (směju se)	smiať sa (smejem sa)	śmiać się (śmieję się)	smìjati se (smìjēm se)	(Vrg.) smījȁti se (smijȅš se)	smejáti se (smẹ́jem se/smejím se)	да се смее	da se smee
to see	*vìděti	v. (a)	ви́деть	v'íd'et'	бачити	báčyty	ви́ждам	vídja, víždam	vidět (vidím)	vidieť (vidím)	widzieć	vȉd(j)eti (vȉdīm)	vìti (2sg. vȉdīš)	vídeti (vȋdim)	да види	da vidi
to hear	*slušati		слу́шать	slúšat'	слухати	slúxaty	слу́шам, чу́вам	slúšam, čúvam	slyšet (slyším)	počuť (počujem)	słyszeć	slušati		slišati (slišim)	да слушне	da slušne
to know, be familiar with	*znàti	v. (a)	знать	znat'	знати	znáty	зна́я; знам	znája; znam	znát (znám)	vedieť, poznať	znać	znȁti (znȃm)	znȁti (2sg. znå̑š)	poznáti (poznȃm)	да знае, да познава	da znae, da poznava
to know, have knowledge	*věděti	v.	ведать	v'édat'	відати	vídaty	вям	vjam	vědět (vím)	vedieť (viem)	wiedzieć (wiem)	znati		vẹ́deti (vẹ́m)
to understand	*orzuměti	v.	понимать	ponimatʹ	розуміти	rozumíty	разбирам	razbiram	rozumět (rozumím)	rozumieť (rozumiem)	rozumieć (rozumiem)	razùm(j)eti		razumẹ́ti	да разбира	da razbira
to think	*mysliti		мы́слить	mýsl'it'	думати, мислити	dúmaty, mýslyty	ми́сля	míslja	myslet (myslím)	myslieť (myslím)	myśleć	misliti		misliti (mislim)	да мисли	da misli
to smell	*ňuxati		ню́хать, чу́ять	n'úkhat', čújat'	нюхати, відчувати	n'úxaty, vidčuváty	мири́ша, ду́ша	miríša, dúša	vonět (voním), čichat (čichám)	voniať (voniam), čuchať (čuchám)	czuć, wąchać, wonieć	mirisati		vọ̑hati, vọ̑njati, duhati	да мирисне	da mirisne
to fear	*bojati sę		боя́ться	boját's'a	боятись	bojátys'	страху́вам се, боя се	straxúvam se, boja se	bát se	báť sa (bojím sa)	bać się (boję się), płoszyć się, strachać się(arch.), lękać się	bojati se		bati se	да се плаши	da se plaši
to sleep	*sъpati		спать	spat'	спати	spáty	спя	spja	spát	spať	spać	spavati		spati	да спие	da spie
to live	*žìti	v. (c)	жить	ž'it' /žyt'/	жити	žúty	живе́я	živéja	žít	žiť	żyć	žív(j)eti, 1sg. žívīm	žīvȉti, 2sg. žīvȅš	živẹ́ti	да живее	da živee
to die	*merti		умира́ть	um'irát'	вмирати	vmyráty	уми́рам	umíram	umírat	umierať, zomierať	umierać, mrzeć	umr(ij)eti, umriti		umrẹ́ti	да умре	da umre
to kill	*ubiti		убива́ть	ub'ivát'	вбивати	vbyváty	уби́вам	ubívam	zabíjet	zabíjať, zabiť	zabijać, ubijać	ubiti		ubíti	да убие	da ubie
to fight	*boriti sę		боро́ться	borót's'a	боротись	borótys'	бо́ря се, би́я се	bórja se, bíja se	bojovat	bojovať, biť sa	walczyć, bić się, wojować, zmagać się	boriti se, tući se		boríti se, bojeváti se	да се бори, да се тепа	da se bori, da se tepa
to hunt	*loviti		охо́титься	oxót'it's'a	полювати	pol'uváty	лову́вам, ловя	lovúvam, lovja	lovit	loviť	polować, łowić	loviti		lovíti	да лови	da lovi
to hit	*udariti	v.	ударя́ть	udar'át'	вдаряти	vdar'áty	у́дрям	údrjam	udeřit	udrieť	uderzać	ùdariti, 1sg. ùdarīm		udáriti	да удри	da udri
to cut	*sěkti, *strigti, *rězati		ре́зать, руби́ть	r'ézat', rub'ít'	секти, стригти, різати	sektý, strýhty, rízaty	ре́жа, сека́	réža, seká	řezat	rezať, sekať, rúbať	ciąć, strzyc, siec OPl. rzezać (arch.)	rezati		rẹ́zati	да сече	da seće
to split			разделя́ть	razd'el'át'	розділяти	rozdil'áty	разде́лям	razdéljam	rozdělit	rozdeliť (sa)	podzielić, rozdzielić	pod(ij)eliti, razd(ij)eliti		razdelíti	да подели, да раздели	da podeli, da razdeli
to stab	*bosti, *kolti		коло́ть	kolót'	колоти	kolóty	буча́, прому́швам, пробо́ждам	bučá, promúšvam, probóždam	píchnout	pichnúť. bodnúť	pchnąć, bóść (coll. kolnąć)	bosti, ubosti, klati		zabósti, prebósti	да убоде	da ubode
to scratch	*česati, *drapati		цара́пать	carápat'	чесати, дерти	česáty, dérty	че́ша, дра́скам	čéša, dráskam	škrábat	škrabať, škrabnúť	drapać, skrobać, czesać, grzebać	češati, grebati, drapati		praskati	да гребе, драска, чеша, драпа	da grebe, draska, ćeša, drapa
to dig	*kopati		копа́ть	kopát'	копати	kopáty	копа́я	kopája	kopat	kopať	kopać	kopati		kopáti	да копа	da kopa
to sail	*pluti; *plỳti	v.; v. (a)	плыть	plyt' (plyvú, plyv'ót)	плити	plyty	плу́вам	plúvam	plout (pluju)	plaviť sa, plávať	(pływać), pluć	ploviti		plúti (plújem/plóvem)	да плива, да едри	da pliva, da edri
to swim, float	*plàvati	v. (a)	пла́вать	plávat'	плавати	plávaty	пла́вам	plávam	plavat	plávať	pływać, pławić się, OPl. pławać	plȉvati		plávati (plȃvam)	да плива, да едри	da pliva, da edri
to fly	*letěti		лета́ть	l'etát'	літати	litáty	летя́	letjá	létat	lietať, letieť	latać, lecieć	let(j)eti		letẹ́ti (letím)	да лета	da leta
to walk	*xoditi	v.	ходи́ть	xod'ít'	ходити	xodýty	хо́дя	xódja	chodit	chodiť, kráčať	chodzić	hòdati	hodȉti	hodíti (hǫ́dim)	да оди	da odi
to go	*jьti	v.	идти́	idt'í (idú, id'ót)	йти	jty	вървя, отивам	vǝ́rvja, otivam	jít (jdu)	ísť (idem)	iść (idę)	ìći (ȉdēm)		íti (grem)	да замине	da замине
to come			приходи́ть	pr'ixod'ít'	приходити	pryxódyty	и́двам, ида, дохождам	ídvam, ida, dohoždam	přicházet, přijít	prichádzať, prísť	przychodzić, przyjść, dojść	doći, prići		priti	да дојде	da dojde
to lie (as in a bed)	*ležati		лежа́ть	l'ežát'	лежати	ležáty	лежа́	ležá	ležet	ležať	leżeć	ležati, lijegati		ležáti (ležím)	лежам	ležam
to sit	*sěsti		сиде́ть	s'id'ét'	сидіти	sydíty	седя́	sedjá	sedět	sedieť	siedzieć	s(j)esti		sedẹ́ti (sedím)	да седне	da sedne
to stand	*stati		стоя́ть	stoját'	стояти	stojáty	стоя́, ставам	stojá, stavam	stát	stáť	stać, stawać, stojeć(arch./dial.)	stati, stajati		vstáti	да стане	da stane
to turn	*vьrtě̀ti	v. (c)	верте́ть	v'ert'ét'	крутити	krutýty	въртя́	vǝrtjá	vrtět	obracať, zvrtnúť sa	(obracać), wiercić	vŕt(j)eti (vŕtīm)	vrtȉti (2sg. vrtĩš)	vrtẹ́ti (vrtím)	да врти, да заврти	da vrti, da zavrti
to turn, return	*vortìti	v. (b)	вернуть	vernut'	повернути, вертати	povernúty, vertáty	връщам	vrǝshtam	vrátit	vrátiť sa	wrócić	vrátiti (1sg. vrȃtīm)	vrå̄tȉti (2sg. vrå̃tīš)	vrníti	да се врати	da se vrati
to fall	*pasti		па́дать	pádat'	падати	pádaty	па́дам	pádam	padat	padať, padnúť	spadać/padać, paść/spaść	pasti		pasti	да падне	da padne
to give	*dati		дава́ть	davát'	дава́ти	daváty	да́вам	dávam	dávat	dávať, dať	dawać, dać	dati		dati	да даде	da dade
to hold	*dьržati		держа́ть	d'eržát'	тримати	trymáty	държа́	dǝržá	držet	držať	trzymać, dzierżyć	držati		držáti (držím)	да држи	da drži
to squeeze	*tiskati; *žęti	v. (b)	сжима́ть	sž'imát'	стиска́ти	styskáty	сти́скам, ма́чкам	stískam, máčkam	mačkat	stískať, mädliť	ściskać, wyżymać	stiskati		stiskati	да стеска, да стега	da steska, da stega
to rub	*terti		тере́ть	t'er'ét'	терти	térty	три́я, тъ́ркам	tríja, tǝ́rkam	třít	trieť, šúchať	trzeć	trljati		drgniti, trẹ́ti	да трие	da trie
to wash	*myti		мыть	myt'	мити	mýty	ми́я, пера́	míja, perá	mýt	umývať, myť	myć, prać	oprati, umiti		umíti, opráti	да мие, да пере	da mie, da pere
to wipe			вытира́ть	vyt'irát'	витирати	vytyráty	бъ́рша, три́я	bǝ́rša, tríja	vytírat	utierať, (u)trieť	wycierać, otrzeć	obrisati, brisati		brisati, otrẹ́ti	да бриши	da briši
to pull	*tęgnǫti		тяну́ть	t'anút'	тягти	t'ahtý	дъ́рпам, те́гля, вла́ча	dǝ́rpam, téglja, vláča	táhnout	ťahať	ciągnąć, wlec	potegnuti, vući		vlẹ́či, potegníti	да влече, да тегне	da vleće, da tegne
to push	*perti		толка́ть	tolkát'	штовха́ти	štovxáty	нати́скам, бу́там	natískam, bútam	tlačit	tlačiť	pchać, wcisnąć, tłoczyć	gurnuti		potisniti, poriniti	да турка	da turka
to throw	*kydati, *mesti, *vergti v.		броса́ть, кида́ть	brosát', k'idát'	кидати	kýdaty	хвъ́рлям	xvǝ́rljam	házet; OCz. vrci (1sg. vrhu)	hádzať	rzucać, miotać	|veȑć, 2sg. veȑžeš	vrẹ́či	да фрли	da frli
to tie	*vę̄zàti	v. (b)	вяза́ть	v'azát'	в'яза́ти	v'jazáty	връ́звам	vrǝ́zvam	vázat	viazať	wiązać	vézati, 1sg. véžēm	vēzȁti, 2sg. vēžeš	vẹ́zati	да врзе	da vrze
to sew	*šiti		шить	šyt'	ши́ти	šýty	ши́я	šíja	šít	šiť	szyć	šiti		sejati	да сошие	da sošie
to count	*čitati	v.	счита́ть, посчита́ть	sč'itátʹ, posč'itátʹ	рахува́ти, лічи́ти	raxuváty, ličýty	бро́я	brója	počítat	počítať	liczyć	bròjati		šteti	да брои	da broi
to read	*čitati	v.	чита́ть	č'itát'	чита́ти	čytáty	чета	cheta	číst (čtu)	čítať	czytać	čìtati (čìtām)	čȉtati (2sg. čȉtå̄š)	brati (berem), čítati (čítam)	да чита, да рачуна	da čita, da računa
to speak, talk	*govorìti	v.	говори́ть	govor'ít'	говори́ти	hovorýty	говоря	govórja	mluvit, hovořit	hovoriť	rozmawiać, mówić, gwarzyć OPl. goworzyć; gaworzyć	govòriti (gòvorīm)	govȍrīti (2sg. govȍrīš)	govoríti (govorím)	да говори, да зборува	da govori, da zboruva
to say, tell	*kāzàti	v.	говори́ть, сказа́ть	govor'ít', skazat'	каза́ти	kazáty	ка́жа	káža	hovořit, říkat	povedať, hovoriť	powiedzieć	kázati (kȃžēm)	kå̄zȁti (2sg. kå̃žeš)	reči	да кажува	da kažuva
to show	*kāzàti	v.	показывать	pokazyvat'	пока́зувати	pokázuvaty	показвам	pokazvam	ukázat	ukázať	pokazać	kázati (kȃžēm)	kå̄zȁti (2sg. kå̃žeš)	kázati (kážem)	да покаже	da pokaže
to sing	*pěti	v. (c)	петь	p'et' (pojú, pojót)	співа́ти	spiváty	пе́я	péja (2sg. péeš)	zpívat (zpívám), pět (pěji)	spievať	śpiewać (śpiewam), piać (pieję)	p(j)evati		pẹ́ti (pójem)	да пее	da pee
to play	*jьgrati		игра́ть	igrát'	гра́ти	hráty	игра́я	igrája	hrát	hrať	grać, igrać	igrati		igráti, igráti se	да игра	da igra
can, to be able to	*mogti		мочь	moč'	могти	mohtý	мога́, мо́же	mogá, móže	moci, moct	môcť	móc	mȍći		móči	да може	da može
to flow	*tekti		течь	t'eč'	текти	tektý	тека́, те́че	teká, téče	téci, téct	tiecť	ciec, cieknąć	teći		teči	да тече	da teče
to freeze	*mьrznǫti		замерзáть	zam'erzát'	замерзáти	zamerzáty	замръ́звам	zamrǝ́zvam	zamrznout	mrznúť, zmrznúť, zamrznúť	marznąć, zamarzać	mrznuti, zamrznuti		zamrzniti	да замрзне	da zamrzne
to swell	*puxnǫti		пу́хнуть	púxnut'	пу́хнути	púxnuty	подпу́хвам, оти́чам, поду́вам се	podpúxvam, otíčam, podúvam se	opuchnout, otéct	puchnúť, opuchnúť, (arch.) otiecť	puchnąć, rozdąć (się)	oteknuti, oteći		oteči	да потечи	da poteči
sun	*sъlnьce		со́лнце	sólnc'e /sónce/	со́нце	sónce	слъ́нце	slǝ́nce	slunce	slnko, (arch.) slnce	słońce	sunce		sọ̑nce	сонце	sonce
moon	*luna, *měsęcь		луна́, ме́сяц	luná, m'és'ac	місяць	mís'ac'	луна́, месец, месечина	luná, mesec, mesečina	měsíc	mesiac, (poet.) luna	księżyc, OPl. miesiąc	m(j)esec		mẹ́sec	месечина	mesečina
star	*gvězda		звезда́	zv'ezdá	зірка	zírka	звезда́	zvezdá	hvězda	hviezda	gwiazda	zv(ij)ezda		zvẹ́zda	ѕвезда	dzvezda
water	*vodà	f. ā (c)	вода́	vodá (acc. vódu)	вода́	vodá	вода́	vodá	voda	voda	woda	vòda (acc. vȍdu)	vodȁ (acc. vȍdu)	vóda	вода	voda
rain	*dъždь		дождь	dožd' /došš', došt'/	дощ	došč	дъжд	dǝžd	déšť	dážď	deszcz, OPl. deżdż (gen. deszczu/dżdżu)	kiša, dažd		dǝž	дожд	dožd
river	*rěka		река́	r'eká	рі́чка	ríčka	река́	reká	řeka	rieka	rzeka	r(ij)eka		rẹ́ka	река	reka
lake	*(j)ezero		о́зеро	óz'ero	о́зеро	ózero	е́зеро	ézero	jezero	jazero	jezioro	jezero		jẹ́zero	езеро	ezero
sea	*more, *morě		мо́ре	mór'e	мо́ре	móre	море́	moré	moře	more	morze	more		mọ̑rje	море	more
salt	*solь		соль	sol'	сіль	sil'	сол	sol	sůl	soľ	sól	so(l)		sọ̑l	сол	sol
stone	*kamy		ка́мень	kám'en'	ка́мінь	kámin'	ка́мък, камъни (pl.)	kámǝk, kamǝni (pl.)	kámen	kameň	kamień (dim. kamyk)	kamen		kamen	камен	kamen
sand	*pěsъkъ		песо́к	p'esók	пісо́к	pisók	пя́сък	pjásǝk	písek	piesok	piasek	p(ij)esak		pẹ́sek	песок	pesok
dust	*porxъ		пыль	pyl'	пил	pyl	прах	prax	prach	prach	pył, kurz, proch	prašina, prah		prah	прав, прашина	prav, prašina
earth	*zemľà	f. jā (b/c)	земля́	z'eml'á	земля́	zeml'á	земя́	zemjá	země	zem, zemina	ziemia	zèmlja (acc. zȅmlju)	zemļȁ (acc. zȅmļu)	zémlja	земја	zemja
way	*pǫ̃tь	m. i (b)	путь	put'	шлях	šl'ax	път	pǝt	pouť (fem.)	cesta, púť ()	droga, (arch. pątnik ) OPl. pąć	pȗt (púta)	pũt (pũta)	pǫ́t	пат	pat
mountain	*gorà	fem. ā (c)	гора́	gorá	гора́	horá	гора́, планина	gorá, planina	hora	hora	góra	gòra (gȍru), planina	gorȁ (gȍru)	góra	гора, планина	gora, planina
cloud	*tǫča		ту́ча, о́блако	túča, óblako	хмара	xmára	о́блак	óblak	oblak	oblak, mrak	chmura, obłok	oblak		oblák	облак	oblak
fog	*mьglà		мгла, туман	mgla, tuman	імла, туман, мряковина	imlá, tumán, mr'ákovyna	мъгла́	mǝglá	mlha	hmla	mgła	magla		megla	магла	magla
sky	*nȅbo		не́бо	n'ebo	не́бо	nébo	небе́	nebé	nebe	nebo	niebo	nebo		nebọ̑	небо	nebo
wind	*vě̀trъ	m. o (a)	ве́тер	v'ét'er	вітер	víter	вя́тър	vjátǝr	vítr	vietor	wiatr	v(j)ȅtar (v(j)ȅtra)	vȉtar (vȉtra)	vệtǝr	ветер	veter
snow	*sněgъ		снег	sn'eg	сніг	snih	сняг	snjag	sníh	sneh	śnieg	sn(ij)eg		snẹ́g	снег	sneg
frost	*mòrzъ		моро́з	moróz	моро́з	moróz	мраз	mraz	mráz	mráz	mróz	mrȁz		mrȁz	мраз	mraz
ice	*ledъ		лёд	l'od	лід	lid	лед	led	led	ľad	lód	led		lẹ́d	лед	led
smoke	*dymъ		дым	dym	дим	dym	дим, пу́шек	dim, púšek	dým	dym	dym	dim		dim	чад, дим	čad, dim
fire	*ognь		ого́нь	ogón'	вого́нь	vohón'	о́гън	ógǝn	oheň	oheň	ogień (ognia)	vatra, oganj		ogenj	оган	ogan
ash	*pepelъ		пе́пел	p'ép'el	попіл	pópil	пе́пел	pépel	popel	popol	popiół	pepeo		pepẹ́l	пепел	pepel
to burn	*gorěti, *paliti		горе́ть	gor'ét'	горіти	horíty	горя́, паля́	gorjá, paljá	hořet	horieť	palić, arch. gorzeć	goreti/goriti		gorẹ́ti	да гори	da gori
(dark) red	*čьrmьnъ	adj. o		č'er'emnój/č'er'ómnyj (dial.)	червоний	červónyj	червено	červeno	(arch.) čermný/črmný (Kott)	čermák (person with a red-brown face, hair)	(dial. czermny)	crveno		črmljen	црвено	crveno
(bright) red	*čьrv(j)enъ	adj. o		č'er'evl'onyj (obs.)	червоний	červónyj	черве́н	červén	červený	červený	czerwony, czerwień	cr̀ven		rdeč	црвен/но/на/ни	crven/no/na/ni
green	*zelènъ	adj. o (b)	зелёный	z'el'ónyj	зелений	zelényj	зеле́н	zelén	zelený	zelený	zielony, zieleń	zèlen, zelèna, zelèno	zelẽn, zelenȁ, zelenȍ	zelèn, zeléna	зелен/но/на/ни	zelen/no/na/ni
yellow	*žьltъ	adj. o	жёлтый	žóltyj	жовтий	žóvtyj	жълт	žǝlt	žlutý	žltý	żółty, żółć, żółcień	žȗt, f. žúta	žȗt, f. žūtȁ, n. žȗto	rumén, žȏłt, žółta	жолт/то/та/ти	żolt/то/та/ти
white	*bělъ		бе́лый	b'élyj	білий	bílyj	бял	bjal	bílý	biely	biały, biel	b(ij)eli		bẹ́l	бел/о/а/и	bel/о/а/и
black	*čьrnъ		чёрный	č'órnyj	чорний	čórnyj	че́рен	čéren	černý	ťierny	czarny, czerń	crn		črn	црн/о/а/и	crn/о/а/и
night	*noktь		ночь	noč'	ніч	nič	нощ	nošt	noc	noc	noc	noć		nọ̑č	ноќ	nokj
day	*dьnь		день	d'en'	день	den'	ден	den	den	deň	dzień	dan (dana)		dan (dnẹ́, dnẹ́va)	ден	den
year	*godъ, *rokъ		год	god	рік	rik	годи́на	godína	rok	rok	rok(pl.lata), godzina	godina		lẹ́to	година	godina
warm	*teplъ, *toplъ		тёплый	t'óplyj	теплий	téplyj	то́пло	tóplo	teplý	teplý	ciepły	topao		toplo	топло	toplo
cool, cold	*xoldьnъ	adj. o (c)	холо́дный	xolódnyj	холо́дний	xolódnyj	хла́д/ен(но/на/ни), студен(о/а/и)	xlád/en (no/na/ni), studen(o/a/i)	chladný	chladný, studený	chłodny	hládan	hlå̑dan	hládǝn	ладно	ladno
full	*pьlnъ		по́лный	pólnyj	по́вний	póvnyj	пъ́лен	pǝ́len	plný	plný	pełny, pełen	pun		pọ̑łn	полн	poln
new	*novъ		но́вый	nóvyj	новий	novýj	нов	nov	nový	novy	nowy	nov		nov	нов	nov
old	*starъ		ста́рый	stáryj	старий	starýj	стар	star	starý	starý	stary	star		star	стар	star
good	*dobrъ		хоро́ший, добрый	xoróš'ij, dobryj	добрий	dóbryj	добъ́р	dobǝ́r	dobrý	dobrý	dobry	dobar		dọ̑ber	добар, добро	dobar, dobro
bad	*zъlъ	adj. o	злой	zloj	злий, поганий	zlyj, pohányj	лош, зъл	loš, зǝ́л	zlý	zlý	zły	loš, zȁo, zlȁ, zlȍ		zli, zlà, zlo	лош, зол, зла	loš, zol, zla
rotten	*gnjilъ		гнило́й	gn'ilój	гнилий	hnylýj	гнил	gnil	shnilý	zhnitý	zgniły	truo, gnjilo		gnil	гнил	gnil
dirty			гря́зный	gr'áznyj	брудний	brudnýj	мръ́сен	mrǝ́sen	špinavý	špinavý	brudny	prljav		umázan	валкано	valkan
straight	*prostъ, *pravъ		прямо́й	pr'amój	прямий	pr'amýj	прав	prav	přímý	priamy, rovný	prosty; prawy, równy	prav		raven	прав, рамен	prav, ramen
round	*krǫglъ		кру́глый	krúglyj	круглий	krúhlyj	кръ́гъл	krǝ́gǝl	kulatý / okrouhlý	okrúhly	krągły/okrągły	okrugao		okrọ̑gel	кружно, округло	kružno, okruglo
sharp	*ostrъ		о́стрый	óstryj	го́стрий	hóstryj	о́стър	óstǝr	ostrý	ostrý	ostry	oštar		ọ̑stǝr	остро	ostro
dull	*tǫpъ		тупо́й	tupój	тупий	typýj	тъп	tup	tupý	tupý	tępy	tup		tọ̑p	тапо	tapo
smooth	*gladъkъ		гла́дкий, ро́вный	gládk'ij, róvnyj	гладкий, плавний	hládkyj, plávnyj	гла́дък, ра́вен	gládǝk, ráven	hladký	hladký	gładki	gladak		gladek	мазно	mazno
wet	*mokrъ		мо́крый	mókryj	мо́крий	mókryj	мо́кър	mókǝr	mokrý	mokrý	mokry	mokar		mọ̑ker	мокро	mokro
dry	*suxъ		сухо́й	suxój	сухий	suxýj	сух	sux	suchý	suchý	suchy	suh/suv		suh	суво	suvo
correct			пра́вильный	práv'il'nyj	пра́вильний, вірний	právyl'nyj, vírnyj	пра́вилен	právilen	správný	správny	poprawny, właściwy, prawilny(slang)	pravilan		pravílen	правилно, точно	pravilno, točno
right	*pravъ		пра́вый	právyj	правий	právyj	де́сен	désen	pravý	pravý	prawy	desni		dẹ́sǝn	десно	desno
left	*lěvъ		ле́вый	lévyj	лі́вий	l'ívyj	ляв	ljav	levý	ľavý	lewy	l(ij)evi		lẹ́vi	лево	levo
far	*dalekъ		далёкий	dal'ók'ij	далекий	dalékyj	дале́чен	daléčen	daleký	ďaleký	daleki	dalek		daleč, daljen	далеку	daleku
near	*blizъ		бли́зкий	bl'ízk'ij	близький	blyz'kýj	бли́зък	blízǝk	blízký	blízky	bliski	blizak		blizu	близу, блиско	blizu, blisko
at	*pri, *u	prep./pref.	при, у	pr'i, u	при, на, в	pry, na, v	при, у, на	pri, u, na	při, u	pri, na	przy, u	u; u-		pri	кaj	kaj
on	*na	prep.	на	na	на	na	на	na	při, u	pri, na	na	na		na
in(to)	*vъ(n)	prep.	в	v; vn-	у, в, ув (dialectal)	u, v, uv(dialectical)	в(във)	v(vǝv)	v; v(n)-	v/vo, do	w(e); wn-	u; va-		v	в	v
with	*sъ(n)		с	s	з, із, зо/зі	z, iz, zo/zi	с(със)	s(sǝs)	s	s, so	z	s(a)		s, z	со	so
and	(j)ь, *a		и, а	i, a	і, й, та, а ("but")	i, j, ta, a	и, а	i, a	a, i	a, i	i, a	i, a		in, pa	и, а	i, a
if	*(j)ako		е́сли	jésl'i	як, якщо́, коли	jam, jakščó, kolý	ако́	akó	jestli	ak	jeśli, jeżeli, jak(coll.)	ako, ukoliko		če, ko	ако	ako
because	*dělja, *dьlja, děljьma		потому́ что	potomú čto /što/	бо, тому що, для (archaic "because of")	bo, tomú ščo, dl'a	защо́то	zaštóto	protože	pretože	bo, dlatego że, ponieważ, za to, temu, że(coll. or dial.), przeto, że(arch.	zato (što, jer)		zatọ̑, zatọ̑ ker	затоа што, зашто	zatoa što, zašto
name	*(j)ьmę		и́мя	ím'a	ім'я	im'á	и́ме	íme	jméno	meno	imię, arch. miano	ime		imẹ́	име	ime