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{{Construction}}
{{Construction}}


Bright languages are constructed languages intended to be aesthetically pleasing, predictable, and stable in utterance.
Bright languages are constructed languages often intended to be aesthetically pleasing, predictable, and phonologically stable.
 


==Introduction==
==Introduction==


Bright Tongue vs Dark Tongue<br>
*lack of gutturals vs lack of labials ex. bel vs gog
*synthesis vs anathesis
*sounds don't repeat in the syllable ex. Bel
*diphthongs allowed vs diphthongs forbidden
*only sonorants as free coda vs only stops as free coda
*constraints...






Dark tongues may access /ɥ/


==Phonology==
ple pel lep elp
The bright version of Adamic has 3 vowels (4 with the diphthong) and 8 consonants, with the reason being that as a bright language strives to contain the most stable and distinct phonetic features, many possibilities are consciously deleted (mostly dorsal ones). For example, velar stops such as /k/ are problematic, as forms akin to /ku/ and /ki/ have the tendence to inevitably change to /kʷ/~/b/ or /kʲ/~/t͡ʃ/. Likewise, back vowels are totally erased, not only to contrast with dark tongues (which do not accept front vowels), but to avoid the sound change /du/ > /dʷ/~/b/.


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 396px; text-align:center;"
tra tar rat art
! style="width: 66px; " |
! style="width: 66px; " |Coronal
! style="width: 66px; " |Labial
|-
! Sonorant
| l r
| n m
|-
! Non-Sonorant
| ʃ d
| f b
|}


The
āmps ambi abe bel ela ilba psā (amba alba)


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 198px; text-align:center;"
ānts andi ade dar era irda tsā (anta arda)
! style="width: 66px; " |
! style="width: 66px; " |Front
! style="width: 66px; " |Center
|-
!
| i ɛ
| a ae̯
|}


===Sound Laws===
belep, bellat


Accurate Elvish


*Voicing [C̥VC̬VC̥]: due the influence of vocalic weight, consonants between vowels are voiced while initial and final consonants are voiceless
*Lenition/Dissimilation: due the displeasure of mimesis, if two bordering syllables/syllable portions possess the same consonant, the consonant of the weakest syllable (portion) disappears.<br>
EX: Adamic  ''vāl'' "person" and ''vār'' "people" become ''al'' and ''elvi'' respectively in the Bright Tongue [''alf'' instead of ''*falf''].<br>
*Assimilation:
*Harmony: [a > e > i] or [i > e > a]<br>
*Mutation: consonants extend grade until there is only one.<br>
m/n + p -mb [extension of p]<br>
m/n + t -nd [extension of t]<br>
r/l + f -lb [extension of l]<br>
r/l + c -rd [extension of r]<br>
r/l + m = -lm [extension of m]<br>
r/l + n = -rn [extension of n]<br>
*/s/ and /d/ can only happen before /a/, and if the opposite were to happen, the nucleus would be dropped.
EX: The hypothetical ''iridin'' becomes ''eren''
*Due the tendence of final consonants to be easily lost, only consonant clusters and sonorants are allowed as final codas. Also, final /m/ and /n/ disappear as the precedent vowel is nasalized.


K [associated with choking


P [associated with kissing




In Veno's Dark Tongue
''gog yoguguluk'' "X speaks"


alba "people" [alf, elbi]
''yo-'' "X" + ''-gu-'' [X] + ''-g-'' [X] +''-ul-'' [X] + ''-uk'' [X]
arda "things" [arc, irida]
alma "high faculties" [a, elmi]
arna "emotions, sensations" [an, erni]
amba "time" [amf, embi]
anda "space" [anc, inida]
-
endar "land", arni "lands"
embal "celestial body", ambeli...


o


NA > ni [0], nae [1]
sebeze paddaen adres nirdasbar vs zhogodosh kaktatona atrosh nurtaskara
alba enir
ni, pe, ae
MA
NA
PA
TA
LA
RA
-
ALBA
ARDA
AMBA
ANDA
ALMA
ARNA


''ídrā naiaris'' "I was bitten by a serpent", ''siverae aebidis'' "I was bitten by a mosquito" ...


aia aio
nazil "flower", naevalla "sword"


nao aocar i
belep (nom) bellī (pl) albā (col)<br>
bel (acc) parabel (pl) ambī (col)<br>
elbī (gen) il (pl) pasadarvā (col)<br>
vs
gog, gog-nagog<br>
gogash, gog-nagogash<br>
gogu, gog-nagogu<br>


nua valár
*Belep vs gog
*Balardemea vs kalaradunga


ni erec alber


fla
Mixed Breed Dark Tongue:
alf
''gog yoguguluk dash'' /ɠɔɠ ɥoɠuɠuɠuluk daʃ/


*analytic
*one article
*no declension
*context and syntax play important role


ni arc alber
Pure Breed Dark Tongue:
ni erec alber =/= ni erec er alf
''kꜣ̥k yꜣ̥kwkwlwk tsh'' /ƙħ̩ƙ ɥ̊ħ̩ƙʷƙʷlʷƙ tʃ/
ni irida alber


iru > eri > ere
Vocabulary drawn from the Lovecraft Mythos, Tolkien's Legendarium  ...


ni, mi
''rꜣlyẙh khlw̥hllw'' "city", ''kl̥ rꜣ̥k'' "demon", ''ns̥k kw̥l'' "ghost", ''shw̥k nw̥kwrth'' "goat"
ec, fe
al, ar


iru > eri > ere
iru > eri > ere > irida
/r/ > /rd/
e > i
r > rVdV


anu/nua > ni
ani/nia > ne
ana/nā > na


''Elbi irida ni indili'' = ''Ara avâla ana ahalâ''


Laiberim
Ungrauzuru
Trizandir
Naevalla


Ni irida eren, ec cilma
Tua hícal, rī askút


iku [Adamic] > ihu (canon law) > *ehi (enlightment of vowels) > *ei (enlightment of consonants) > ae (enlightment of vowels)
If without D-equilibrium:
*Language rich in consonants and no vowels
*Language rich in vowels and no consonants


*Language rich in intersegmentals and no metasegmentals


/h/ > /∅/  
''wl̥krꜣn'' /w̥l̩krħn̥/, ''kl̥x'' /kl̩ks/, ''wr̥l'' /w̥r̩l/, ''kr̥kt'' /kr̩kt/, ''tn̥c'' /tn̩ts/, ''tn̥k'' /tn̩k/ ''nẙx'' /n̥ĭks/, ''lw̥kwky'' /l̥ŭkʷkʲ/, ''sꜣ̥t'' /sʕ̩t/.


ihu


ehi
/jɪee̞ɛæa īi̯/


ae
īy ay "the man", ī īnain "the mountain"


e
A pure anathetic language would rather focus on the combinations of words than the words themselves (meaningless individually in this case): In Veno's Dark Tongue, associations strike as grammatical in zodrak hu "dog" versus hu zodrak "cat".


A pure magis-synthetic language focuses instead on words of a variety of meanings. In Veno's Bright Tongue, elbī is a genitive of "person".






ni irida andal


ere & irida > -c-


===Consonants===


Anathesis: In Portuguese, ''ca'' alone means nothing, as does ''sa'', yet ''casa'' means "house". Synthesis: In Latin, the particle ''-orum'' means not only [genitive], but also [plural] and [masculine]/[neuter]. Agglutination, on the other hand, is the neutral morphological nature.


===Vowels===
degrees of purity
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====


===Phonotactics===
important remark: anathesis is not that the components don't have meaning, but that the composition has a novel meaning because of them
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===


==Morphology==
==Phonology==
The Bright Tongue is mostly composed of stems, which modify roots.


ni irida eren...


From one root, many stems are forged


ncl > ner (*nendir), cilba, arnic, nalbi (*nadelbi)...
===Sound Laws===
 
ALMA > ELEME
eldar (alba-endar)
erbal (arda-elbar)
arbelë
ilben, ilbini
eleben, af
lef, felin
ilmen, ilmini
elemen, am
lem, melin
 
irdem, irdimi
eredem, erc
rec, cerin


==Syntax==
==Syntax==

Latest revision as of 13:39, 29 April 2026


Bright languages are constructed languages often intended to be aesthetically pleasing, predictable, and phonologically stable.

Introduction

Bright Tongue vs Dark Tongue

  • lack of gutturals vs lack of labials ex. bel vs gog
  • synthesis vs anathesis
  • sounds don't repeat in the syllable ex. Bel
  • diphthongs allowed vs diphthongs forbidden
  • only sonorants as free coda vs only stops as free coda
  • constraints...


Dark tongues may access /ɥ/

ple pel lep elp

tra tar rat art

āmps ambi abe bel ela ilba psā (amba alba)

ānts andi ade dar era irda tsā (anta arda)

belep, bellat


K [associated with choking

P [associated with kissing


In Veno's Dark Tongue gog yoguguluk "X speaks"

yo- "X" + -gu- [X] + -g- [X] +-ul- [X] + -uk [X]


sebeze paddaen adres nirdasbar vs zhogodosh kaktatona atrosh nurtaskara

ídrā naiaris "I was bitten by a serpent", siverae aebidis "I was bitten by a mosquito" ...

nazil "flower", naevalla "sword"

belep (nom) bellī (pl) albā (col)
bel (acc) parabel (pl) ambī (col)
elbī (gen) il (pl) pasadarvā (col)
vs gog, gog-nagog
gogash, gog-nagogash
gogu, gog-nagogu

  • Belep vs gog
  • Balardemea vs kalaradunga


Mixed Breed Dark Tongue: gog yoguguluk dash /ɠɔɠ ɥoɠuɠuɠuluk daʃ/


Pure Breed Dark Tongue: kꜣ̥k yꜣ̥kwkwlwk tsh /ƙħ̩ƙ ɥ̊ħ̩ƙʷƙʷlʷƙ tʃ/

Vocabulary drawn from the Lovecraft Mythos, Tolkien's Legendarium ...

rꜣlyẙh khlw̥hllw "city", kl̥ rꜣ̥k "demon", ns̥k kw̥l "ghost", shw̥k nw̥kwrth "goat"



Laiberim Ungrauzuru Trizandir Naevalla


If without D-equilibrium:

  • Language rich in consonants and no vowels
  • Language rich in vowels and no consonants
  • Language rich in intersegmentals and no metasegmentals

wl̥krꜣn /w̥l̩krħn̥/, kl̥x /kl̩ks/, wr̥l /w̥r̩l/, kr̥kt /kr̩kt/, tn̥c /tn̩ts/, tn̥k /tn̩k/ nẙx /n̥ĭks/, lw̥kwky /l̥ŭkʷkʲ/, sꜣ̥t /sʕ̩t/.


/jɪee̞ɛæa īi̯/

īy ay "the man", ī īnain "the mountain"

A pure anathetic language would rather focus on the combinations of words than the words themselves (meaningless individually in this case): In Veno's Dark Tongue, associations strike as grammatical in zodrak hu "dog" versus hu zodrak "cat".

A pure magis-synthetic language focuses instead on words of a variety of meanings. In Veno's Bright Tongue, elbī is a genitive of "person".




Anathesis: In Portuguese, ca alone means nothing, as does sa, yet casa means "house". Synthesis: In Latin, the particle -orum means not only [genitive], but also [plural] and [masculine]/[neuter]. Agglutination, on the other hand, is the neutral morphological nature.

degrees of purity

important remark: anathesis is not that the components don't have meaning, but that the composition has a novel meaning because of them

Phonology

Sound Laws

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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