|
|
| (433 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| ==Historical phonology==
| | '''Ike''', natively ''tōkı̣ ı̰ke̱'' /to˦ki˧ i˦˥˨ke˨/, is an Angai Papuan language with minimalistic consonants, vowels and phonotactics but with 10 tones. It is a parody of Toki Pona. |
| <poem>
| |
| s, ł > h
| |
| z > 0
| |
| λ > l
| |
| ƛ/c ƛ'/c' > c c'
| |
| k kw > k, q qw > q
| |
| i have these + a table of assimilations
| |
| mb nd ng > mm nn ŋŋ
| |
| h > ŋ
| |
| b d, etc > p' t' etc.
| |
| t > T then c > t
| |
| </poem>
| |
| ===Finnishy subfamily===
| |
| <poem>
| |
| for Kammalic how about
| |
| ay > ää
| |
| ey > ee
| |
| ew, oi > öö
| |
| iw, uy > üü
| |
|
| |
|
| yes
| | == Phonology == |
| sounds good
| | === Phonotactics === |
| aw > åå
| | Toki Ike segments and phonotactics are identical to those of Toki Pona. /n/ codas are treated as moraic nasals, as in Japanese. |
| ow > oo
| | /i/ is romanized as <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ı̣<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> unless there is a diacritic below the letter. |
| </poem> | | === Tone === |
| | Toki Ike morae have 10 possible tones: /˥ ˦ ˧ ˨ ˩ ˧˩ ˦˥˨ ˦˥˦ ˧˥ ˩˧/, romanized <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>'''ā̄ ā a a̱ a̱̱ a̖ a̰ ȧ á a̗'''<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>. Only /˧ ˨/ tones may occur on non-word-initial morae. |
|
| |
|
| ==Numbers== | | == Grammar == |
| kēm, tingōr, nakkʼ, laupʼ, taling, tʼām, rōrtʼ, loyrtʼ, pʼakkʼ, qʼeyōr (?)
| | Analytic |
| | | == Vocabulary == |
| ==Phonology== | | * mị́ 'who' |
| ===Consonants===
| | * mı̖ 'I, me' |
| Perhaps most strikingly, most Kammalic languages have simple syllables and are devoid of fricatives or aspirates. The following is the consonant inventory of Proto-Kammalic:
| | * mı͇ 'from' |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| | * mı̣ 'in' |
| |+ '''Proto-Kammalic consonants'''
| | * mı̰ 'with' |
| |-
| | * mị 'for' |
| ! colspan="2"|
| | * ja̰ṉ 'window' |
| ! |Labial
| | * jȧn 'to yawn' |
| ! |Dental
| | * nị́mı̱ 'to take' |
| ! |Retroflex
| | * mama 'mother' |
| ! |Palatal
| | * papa 'father' |
| ! |Velar
| | * tu 'you' |
| ! |Uvular
| | * tu̇ 'fifteen' |
| |-
| | * walo 'kiln' |
| ! colspan="2" | Nasal
| | * wa̱̱lı̣ 'heavy' |
| | '''m''' /m/
| | * wálo 'light' |
| | '''n''' /n/
| | * wa̗lo̱ 'eight' |
| | '''rn''' /ɲ/
| | * wālo̱ 'brave; valid' |
| |
| | * lȧko 'bear' |
| |colspan="2"| '''ng''' /ŋ~ɴ/
| | * na̗wa 'to go out' |
| |-
| | * na̖wa̱ 'to give' |
| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
| | * kén '(slang) yep' |
| ! | <small>plain</small>
| | [[Category:Angai]] [[Category:Tokiponidos]] |
| | '''p''' /p~b/
| |
| | '''t''' /t~d/
| |
| | '''rt''' /ʈ~ɖ/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''k''' /k~g/
| |
| | '''q''' /q~ɢ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! | <small>ejective</small>
| |
| | '''pʼ''' /pʼ/
| |
| | '''tʼ''' /tʼ/
| |
| | '''rtʼ''' /ʈʼ/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''kʼ''' /kʼ/
| |
| | '''qʼ''' /qʼ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Trill
| |
| |
| |
| | '''r''' /r/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
| |
| | '''w''' /w/
| |
| | '''l''' /l/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''y''' /j/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| | |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | '''i''' /i/
| |
| | '''ī''' /iː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''u''' /u/
| |
| | '''ū''' /uː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close-mid
| |
| | '''e''' /e~ə/
| |
| | '''ē''' /eː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''o''' /o/
| |
| | '''ō''' /oː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''a''' /a/
| |
| | '''ā''' /aː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| a e i o u
| |
| ā ē ī ō ū
| |
| ay aw ey ew iw oy ow uy ia ua
| |
| āy āw ēy ēw īw ōy ōw ūy īa ūa
| |
| | |
| ==Composition==
| |
| *Ejectives > geminates
| |
| **Estonian parody
| |
| **Hyper-minlang
| |
| *Geminates > ejectives
| |
| *ejective > creaky voice > tone
| |
| **Salish/Spittem parody
| |
| *Both geminates and ejectives
| |
| **Finno-Bantu
| |
| *Outlier with fricatives and syncope
| |
| one descendant will turn them into geminates and another turns them into ejectives
| |
| | |
| and some with both geminates and ejectivs
| |
| | |
| one descendent should have overlong consonants and overlong vowels written with triple consonants and triple vowels
| |
| | |
| and one outlier with fricatives! (via grimm's law: p' > p, p > f) the outlier with fricatives should also have syncope
| |
| | |
| ==Grammar==
| |
| Quasi-polysynthetic with big clitic complexes or verbs
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Pfeuno-Kitelucquian languages]][[Category:Quame languages]] | |