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Wieb. ''mei'' ~ Wh. ''my'' < PPfK {{recon|''miʔ''}}


or
Wieb. ''mei'' ~ Wh. ''mo'' < PPfK {{recon|''ma sʔi''}}
==Swadesh list==
==Swadesh list==
#I: nu
#I: nu
#thou: sir
#thou: sei
#he/she/it: ma (this.m) mie (this.f), đa (that.m), đie (that.f)
#he/she/it: was/wie/wem
#we: um (exc), wind (inc)
#we: wind
#ye: lind
#ye: lind
#they: mit (these m), mer (these f), đit (those m), đer (those f)
#they: wen/wes/wer
#this: ma
#this: ma
#that: đa
#that: đa
Line 20: Line 16:
#when: jester
#when: jester
#how: jahr
#how: jahr
#not: mei
#not: ihren
#all: rei
#all: bies
#many: auer
#many: auer
#some: kieŧ
#some: kieŧ
Line 27: Line 23:
#other: mach
#other: mach
#one: wahm
#one: wahm
#two: diƨƨer
#two: dieser
#three: narg
#three: narg
#four: đauf
#four: đauf
#five: säliƨƨ
#five: säl
#big: halm
#big: halm
#long: gau
#long: gau
#wide: ŧriech
#wide: ŧriech
#thick: schab
#thick: lauch (viscous, dense), schab (of a 2-dimensional object), ŧühr (of a 1-dimensional object)
#heavy: garm
#heavy: garm
#small: binđ
#small: binđ
#short: kaƨƨ
#short: kass
#narrow: bisch
#narrow: bisch
#thin: đipfer
#thin: retz (not viscous), đipfer (of a 2-dimensional object), zast (of a 1-dimensional object)
#woman: Samm, Sämmer
#woman: Samm, Sämmer
#man: Ŧall, Ŧalle
#man: Ŧall, Ŧalle
#human: Wahr, Währer
#human: Wahr, Währer
#child: Bie, Biehe
#child: Bieh, Biehe
#wife: Heste, Hester
#wife: Heste, Hester
#husband: Jern, Jerne
#husband: Jern, Jerne
#mother: Mahl, Mahler
#mother: Mahl, Mahler
#father: Ann, Anner
#father: Ahn, Ahnen
#animal: Schleck, Schlecke
#animal: Schleck, Schlecke
#fish: Hilm, Hilme
#fish: Hilm, Hilme
#bird: Ŧehr, Ŧehret
#bird: Ŧehr, Ŧehret
#[a common pet]: Rüß, Rußet
#[a common pet]: Rüß
#insect: Đichlein, Đichlein
#insect: Đichlein
#snake?
#snake?
#worm: Fitt, Fitte
#worm: Fitt
#tree: Gein, Geiner
#tree: Gein
#forest: Rampf, Rämpfer
#forest: Rampf
#stick: Bachs, Bächser
#stick: Bachs
#fruit: Nind, Nindet
#fruit: Nind
#seed: Pfatts, Depfatts
#seed: Pfatts
#leaf: Nitt, Denitte
#leaf: Nitt
#root: Flaun, Flauner
#root: Flaun
#bark: Krau, Kraue
#bark: Krau
#flower: Näpf, Napfe
#flower: Näpf
#grass: Knohe, Knöher
#grass: Knohe
#rope: Geletts, Geletts
#rope: Geletts
#skin: Spang, Spanget
#skin: Spang
#meat/flesh: Ŧeid, Ŧeide
#meat/flesh: Ŧeid
#blood: Mänz, Manze
#blood: Mänz
#bone: Anđ, Anđet
#bone: Anđ
#fat: Schnebe, Schneber
#fat: Schnebe
#egg: Bimm, Bümme
#egg: Bimm
#horn: Pfächte, Pfachte
#horn: Pfächte
#tail: Behr, Böhre
#tail: Behr
#feather: Hufs, Hufser
#feather: Hufs
#hair: Appe, Apper
#hair: Appe,
#head: Bast, Baster
#head: Bast
#ear: Điss, Đüsser
#ear: Đüsser
#eye: Feich, Faücher
#eye: Feich
#nose: Jade, Jader
#nose: Bien
#mouth: Kühm, Kuhme
#mouth: Kühm, Kuhme
#tooth: Schwalf, Schwalfet
#tooth: Schwalf, Schwalfet
#tongue: Wend, Wende
#tongue: Sahr, Sähre
#fingernail: Quab, Quäber
#fingernail: Quab, Quäber
#foot: Mage, Mager
#foot: Mage, Mager
#leg: Mage, Mager
#leg: Mage, Mager
#knee: Zegel, Zegle
#knee: Stegel
#hand: Ƨieme, Ƨiemer
#hand: Seime, Seimer
#wing: Irbe, Irbet
#wing: Irbe, Irbet
#belly: Đänge, Đange
#belly: Đänge, Đange
#guts: Ŧüffer
#guts: Ŧüffer
#neck: Ŧrapf, Ŧrapfe
#neck: Ŧrapf, Ŧrapfe
#back: Blein, Bleine
#back: Bleit, Bleite
#breast: Dack, Däcker
#breast: Dack, Däcker
#heart: Eil, Eiler
#heart: Auben, Auben
#liver: Ƨürŧel, Ƨurŧel
#liver: Sürŧel, Surŧel
#drink: điels, đühls, Geđiels
#drink: điels, đühls, Geđiels
#eat: haff, hiff, Haffs
#eat: haff, hiff, Haffs
#bite: kahr, kier, kahren
#bite: kar, kier, karen
#suck: ŧarg, ŧirg, Ŧargs
#suck: ŧarg, ŧirg, Ŧargs
#spit: speŧŧ, speŧŧe, Speŧŧel
#spit: speŧŧ, speŧŧe, Speŧŧel
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#die: schern, schirne, Scherns
#die: schern, schirne, Scherns
#kill: entschern, entschirne, Entscherns
#kill: entschern, entschirne, Entscherns
#fight: stieb, stiebe, stiebel


==Place names==
==Place names==
<poem>
<poem>
''Hauerreberjamms'' - capital of Wiobermin - Redo bloated spelling of Hauerreberjamms after reworking sound changes
''Hauerreberjamms'' - capital of Wiobermin - Redo bloated spelling of Hauerreberjamms after reworking sound changes
''Walsterschmerg''
''Gertraucherzweidung''
''Deschrüssmeder''
''Ingsthanz''
''Gemastkriebing''
''Tübederchung''
''Iosmahrlinde''
''Geschelinde''
''Greichŧrister''
''Uobensbarr''
''Wuscherŧrungen''
''Wuscherŧrungen''
''Flaŧŧsschmängs''
''Flaŧŧsschmängs''
''Ämmerbraum''
''Ämmerbraum''
''Pfeune'' - river name
''Pfeune'' - river name
''Defahl''
''Gefahl''
''Frintermien''
''Keime''
''Lerzkorren'' - '8 intersections'
''Keime'' < {{recon|''kaimōs''}} (~ Modern Terg ''Caomha'')
</poem>
</poem>


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===Month names===
===Month names===
*Lucht (autumn):
*Lucht (autumn):
**Kriefacht (< OT ''crìghiophacht''; Modern Terg ''crìofacht'')
**Kriefacht (Clofabic krif-akt)
**Seuchel
**Ŧauer
**Fiese
**Fiege
*Bürgend (winter):
*Bürgend (winter):
**Geseck
**Geseck
**Ŧauer
**Seibel (''Seib'' = snow)
**Motzen
**Motzen
*Schwerg (spring):
*Schweg (spring):
**Sopfer
**Sopfer
**Schratze
**Schratze
Line 156: Line 141:
*Pfein (summer):
*Pfein (summer):
**Geschlaub
**Geschlaub
**Bräckel
**Bräckel (''Brack'' = light)
**Ŧemmen
**Ŧemmen


==Words==
==Words==
<poem>
<poem>
kub = poor
schngett = lively, wild
Ing (n.) = water
Witte (m.) = sky (Wittel = sky-god)
Stein (n.) = house
so = here
Riffer = corn
bespüdern = protect
Keif-Schnast = plosive
Gestehns-Schnast = fricative
Sanzer-Schnast = sibilant
Ŧreibs-Schnast = click
Entbiens-Schnast = nasal
Schlauer-Schnast = liquid
Schnast: sound, phone
Gluft: healing, medicine
schund: sick
spag: narrow
spick: good
ngollen: boil
ngummen: rumble
rapfen: i bark
ŧacken - agree
scherchen - sizzle
Stühne (f) = honor
Rütze (n) = a red jewel
Tiel (m) = a tree species
Ŧwahn (m) = drum
Sische (f) = flute
Geđeich (m) = plucked string instrument
Strach (f) = trumpet
Schibbel (m) = reed instrument
Siebel = reed
Betz = stick
beđülsch - worship
gebründ - protect
Schngie, Schngie (sg. /ʃŋiː/, pl. /ˈʃŋiːə/) - beast
drahl, dreil, Gedrahl - follow
gürf, gürfe, Gürfel - absorb
zieb, ziebe, Ziebel: give birth
entzieb, entziebe, Entziebel: be born
Schast (m): child
Schlieber, Schliebern (f): butterfly
Gette, Getten (f): hammer
Gogen, Gogen (m): stone
Đruche, Đruchen (f) (< Primitive Tergetian) - lips  
Đruche, Đruchen (f) (< Primitive Tergetian) - lips  
Kacke (f) - crap, shit
Kacke (f) - crap, shit
Flünde (f) - honor
Flünde (f) - bravery
Müđungtruhn (m) - dictionary
Müđungtruhn (m) - dictionary
Đrust (m) - clay
Đrust (m) - clay
Himmer, Himmern (f) - milk
Himmer (f) - milk
Đorn, Đornet (f) - spirit
Đorn, Đornet (f) - spirit
Hader, Hadert (m) - flower
Hader, Hadert (m) - flower
Schweich /ʃvaɪç/, Schweichen (f) 'bow (weapon)'
Schweich /ʃvaɪç/, Schweicher (f) 'bow (weapon)'
Scharung (m) 'thread, yarn' (< PPfK *sqar- 'twist' + *-ong 'singulative')
Scharung (m) 'thread, yarn' (< PPfK *sqar- 'twist' + *-ong 'singulative')
zarb, zirb, Zärbel (m) 'reckoning, calculation, explanation'
zarb, zirb, Zärbel (m) 'reckoning, calculation, explanation'
Fleide (f) - ray
Fleide (f) - ray
ach! - oh! ah! alas!
ach! - oh! ah! alas!
o! - O!
ei! - O (vocative, also used to call for listener's attention)
ei! - O (vocative, also used to call for listener's attention)
bleug, blug, Bleugen: 'exchange'
bleug, blug, Bleugen: 'exchange'
Line 182: Line 213:
Geschlaub (f) - summer solstice
Geschlaub (f) - summer solstice
Schrindke (m) - festival
Schrindke (m) - festival
Wumper, Wumper (m) 'platypus-like, stocky mammal'
Wumper, Wumper (m) 'platypus'
Flau, Flauet (m) 'suffering, agony'
Flau, Flauet (m) 'suffering, agony'
Brühme (f) 'loyalty, faithfulness'
Brühme (f) 'loyalty, faithfulness'
Line 208: Line 239:
north: simm
north: simm
south: ŧeng
south: ŧeng
east: gatzer
east: gatter
west: schuft
west: schuft
luh (PGam lax̌ʷ) - be
luh (PGam lax̌ʷ) - be
Line 214: Line 245:
Rund (nom sg), Ründe (nom pl), Ränden (gen pl) - bear
Rund (nom sg), Ründe (nom pl), Ränden (gen pl) - bear
today - mesend
today - mesend
yesterday - kuber
yesterday - wurn
tomorrow - wursch
tomorrow - gufter
Haugen - ice
Haugen - ice
datz - sweet
datz - sweet
Line 221: Line 252:
sie, schnie, Sies = cover
sie, schnie, Sies = cover
sie - or
sie - or
sie - thou
Sie (f), Sien - star
Sie (f), Sien - star
Schmarst, Schmärster (f) - spider
Schmarst, Schmärster (f) - spider
Đern (m) - wish
Đerz (m) - wish
Haƨƨe, Haƨƨer (f) 'city'
Hase, Haser (f) 'city'
Unde, Under (f) 'sun'
Unde, Under (f) 'sun'
Schnilŧ 'pod' > scha-nil > ha níl > niin > Nohn 'spice'
Schnilŧ 'pod' > scha-nil > ha níl > niin > Nohn 'spice'
Bing, Binge (m) 'day'
Pfing, Pfinge (m) 'day'
Ŧehr (m) 'bird' > dzai1
Ŧehr (m) 'bird'
entŧepf 'freeze' (trans.) > ńyp2
entŧepf 'freeze' (trans.)
Früngli (m) - farmer
Früngli (m) - farmer
früngs, früngs, Früngs - farm
früngs, früngs, Früngs - farm
Line 239: Line 269:
entschläb - lower
entschläb - lower
entfehns - raise
entfehns - raise
Bezwanns - ladder, scale
Bezwands - ladder, scale
bekied - mourn, grieve
bekied - mourn, grieve
Esch - voice
Esch - voice
Dieder - great mountain (Surname)
Dieder - great mountain (Surname)
Diƨƨerbast - dvandva
Disserbast - dvandva
Wiehung, Wiehunger 'kernel'
Wiehung, Wiehunger 'kernel'
Etter-Gedeich - piano-like glockenspiel
Ŧeib, Ŧeibe (m) - chalice
Neim-Gedeich - harpsichord
Ŧeib - double or triple-coursed harp
Betz - flute
Strach - trumpet
</poem>
</poem>


==Historical phonology==
==Historical phonology==

Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 May 2023

Swadesh list

  1. I: nu
  2. thou: sei
  3. he/she/it: was/wie/wem
  4. we: wind
  5. ye: lind
  6. they: wen/wes/wer
  7. this: ma
  8. that: đa
  9. here: ming
  10. there: ang
  11. who: ja
  12. what: jähl
  13. where: jang
  14. when: jester
  15. how: jahr
  16. not: ihren
  17. all: bies
  18. many: auer
  19. some: kieŧ
  20. few: ŧich
  21. other: mach
  22. one: wahm
  23. two: dieser
  24. three: narg
  25. four: đauf
  26. five: säl
  27. big: halm
  28. long: gau
  29. wide: ŧriech
  30. thick: lauch (viscous, dense), schab (of a 2-dimensional object), ŧühr (of a 1-dimensional object)
  31. heavy: garm
  32. small: binđ
  33. short: kass
  34. narrow: bisch
  35. thin: retz (not viscous), đipfer (of a 2-dimensional object), zast (of a 1-dimensional object)
  36. woman: Samm, Sämmer
  37. man: Ŧall, Ŧalle
  38. human: Wahr, Währer
  39. child: Bieh, Biehe
  40. wife: Heste, Hester
  41. husband: Jern, Jerne
  42. mother: Mahl, Mahler
  43. father: Ahn, Ahnen
  44. animal: Schleck, Schlecke
  45. fish: Hilm, Hilme
  46. bird: Ŧehr, Ŧehret
  47. [a common pet]: Rüß
  48. insect: Đichlein
  49. snake?
  50. worm: Fitt
  51. tree: Gein
  52. forest: Rampf
  53. stick: Bachs
  54. fruit: Nind
  55. seed: Pfatts
  56. leaf: Nitt
  57. root: Flaun
  58. bark: Krau
  59. flower: Näpf
  60. grass: Knohe
  61. rope: Geletts
  62. skin: Spang
  63. meat/flesh: Ŧeid
  64. blood: Mänz
  65. bone: Anđ
  66. fat: Schnebe
  67. egg: Bimm
  68. horn: Pfächte
  69. tail: Behr
  70. feather: Hufs
  71. hair: Appe,
  72. head: Bast
  73. ear: Đüsser
  74. eye: Feich
  75. nose: Bien
  76. mouth: Kühm, Kuhme
  77. tooth: Schwalf, Schwalfet
  78. tongue: Sahr, Sähre
  79. fingernail: Quab, Quäber
  80. foot: Mage, Mager
  81. leg: Mage, Mager
  82. knee: Stegel
  83. hand: Seime, Seimer
  84. wing: Irbe, Irbet
  85. belly: Đänge, Đange
  86. guts: Ŧüffer
  87. neck: Ŧrapf, Ŧrapfe
  88. back: Bleit, Bleite
  89. breast: Dack, Däcker
  90. heart: Auben, Auben
  91. liver: Sürŧel, Surŧel
  92. drink: điels, đühls, Geđiels
  93. eat: haff, hiff, Haffs
  94. bite: kar, kier, karen
  95. suck: ŧarg, ŧirg, Ŧargs
  96. spit: speŧŧ, speŧŧe, Speŧŧel
  97. vomit: begrall, begrälle, Begralls
  98. blow: schwecht, schwechte, Schwechts
  99. breathe: pfach, pfich, Pfachs
  100. laugh: rack, rick, Räckel (smile: racknung, racknünge, Racknungs)
  101. see: doss, döss, Dössel
  102. hear: ŧall, ŧill, Ŧalls
  103. know: gad, gied, Gads
  104. think: iem, ieme, Iems
  105. smell: blung, blunge, Blungs
  106. fear: knatz, knitz, Geknatz
  107. sleep: drau, dräue, Dräuel
  108. live: jund, jünde, Junds
  109. die: schern, schirne, Scherns
  110. kill: entschern, entschirne, Entscherns
  111. fight: stieb, stiebe, stiebel

Place names

Hauerreberjamms - capital of Wiobermin - Redo bloated spelling of Hauerreberjamms after reworking sound changes
Wuscherŧrungen
Flaŧŧsschmängs
Ämmerbraum
Pfeune - river name
Gefahl
Keime

Calendar

leap every 10 unless divisible by 50 unless divisible by 1500

Month names

  • Lucht (autumn):
    • Kriefacht (Clofabic krif-akt)
    • Ŧauer
    • Fiege
  • Bürgend (winter):
    • Geseck
    • Seibel (Seib = snow)
    • Motzen
  • Schweg (spring):
    • Sopfer
    • Schratze
    • Hünke
  • Pfein (summer):
    • Geschlaub
    • Bräckel (Brack = light)
    • Ŧemmen

Words

kub = poor
schngett = lively, wild
Ing (n.) = water
Witte (m.) = sky (Wittel = sky-god)
Stein (n.) = house
so = here
Riffer = corn
bespüdern = protect
Keif-Schnast = plosive
Gestehns-Schnast = fricative
Sanzer-Schnast = sibilant
Ŧreibs-Schnast = click
Entbiens-Schnast = nasal
Schlauer-Schnast = liquid
Schnast: sound, phone
Gluft: healing, medicine
schund: sick
spag: narrow
spick: good
ngollen: boil
ngummen: rumble
rapfen: i bark
ŧacken - agree
scherchen - sizzle
Stühne (f) = honor
Rütze (n) = a red jewel
Tiel (m) = a tree species
Ŧwahn (m) = drum
Sische (f) = flute
Geđeich (m) = plucked string instrument
Strach (f) = trumpet
Schibbel (m) = reed instrument
Siebel = reed
Betz = stick
beđülsch - worship
gebründ - protect
Schngie, Schngie (sg. /ʃŋiː/, pl. /ˈʃŋiːə/) - beast
drahl, dreil, Gedrahl - follow
gürf, gürfe, Gürfel - absorb
zieb, ziebe, Ziebel: give birth
entzieb, entziebe, Entziebel: be born
Schast (m): child
Schlieber, Schliebern (f): butterfly
Gette, Getten (f): hammer
Gogen, Gogen (m): stone
Đruche, Đruchen (f) (< Primitive Tergetian) - lips
Kacke (f) - crap, shit
Flünde (f) - bravery
Müđungtruhn (m) - dictionary
Đrust (m) - clay
Himmer (f) - milk
Đorn, Đornet (f) - spirit
Hader, Hadert (m) - flower
Schweich /ʃvaɪç/, Schweicher (f) 'bow (weapon)'
Scharung (m) 'thread, yarn' (< PPfK *sqar- 'twist' + *-ong 'singulative')
zarb, zirb, Zärbel (m) 'reckoning, calculation, explanation'
Fleide (f) - ray
ach! - oh! ah! alas!
o! - O!
ei! - O (vocative, also used to call for listener's attention)
bleug, blug, Bleugen: 'exchange'
Meitel 'gift'
meit, meite, Meits 'give'
Schwetel - faith (from schwet, schwiet, Schwetel 'believe')
Geseck (f) - winter solstice
Geschlaub (f) - summer solstice
Schrindke (m) - festival
Wumper, Wumper (m) 'platypus'
Flau, Flauet (m) 'suffering, agony'
Brühme (f) 'loyalty, faithfulness'
Hauchs, Hauchse, Hauchsen (m.) 'raven' < from Proto-Pfeuno-Kitelucquian *kawqs (stolen from Lushootseed)
Rohne, Rohnen (f): lye
Schwalts (m): bread
Died (m), Diedet: mountain
Ŧriefke (f): poem
beđach, beđiech-, beđachs 'be well-formed, to hold/be valid'
Träuße, Träußer (f): thought, mind
ŧack /!ak/ 'right, correct'
Fricht, Frichte, Früchten (f) - smoke
hock, höck-, Höckel 'to hurt, injure'
Đifte, Điften (f) = frog
zub: new
Schnamm, Schnämmer (m): year
Reid, Reide (m) = fire
Truhn, Trühner (m) = book
quard, querde, Quards: love
Quärde: love (f)
spring: Schwerg, Schwergen (m)
summer: Pfeine, Pfeinen (f)
autumn: Lucht, Lüchter (f)
winter: Bürgend, Bürgende (m) (PPf *burginþi < PQuame *burɢinti)
north: simm
south: ŧeng
east: gatter
west: schuft
luh (PGam lax̌ʷ) - be
immer - now
Rund (nom sg), Ründe (nom pl), Ränden (gen pl) - bear
today - mesend
yesterday - wurn
tomorrow - gufter
Haugen - ice
datz - sweet
Datzes - sweet, confectionary
sie, schnie, Sies = cover
sie - or
Sie (f), Sien - star
Schmarst, Schmärster (f) - spider
Đerz (m) - wish
Hase, Haser (f) 'city'
Unde, Under (f) 'sun'
Schnilŧ 'pod' > scha-nil > ha níl > niin > Nohn 'spice'
Pfing, Pfinge (m) 'day'
Ŧehr (m) 'bird'
entŧepf 'freeze' (trans.)
Früngli (m) - farmer
früngs, früngs, Früngs - farm
Huss, Husser (m) - world
Mauch, Mauchet (f) - ball, sphere
Wister - unit of length
Stuchs - pace, rhythm
entschläb - lower
entfehns - raise
Bezwands - ladder, scale
bekied - mourn, grieve
Esch - voice
Dieder - great mountain (Surname)
Disserbast - dvandva
Wiehung, Wiehunger 'kernel'
Ŧeib, Ŧeibe (m) - chalice

Historical phonology

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