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'''Shumian''' (native name ''ṣùm lau'') is a monosyllabic language inspired by Marathi, Hmoob and IlL's Reber Wiebian.
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = llhau syuun
|pronunciation= 
|setting = [[Verse:Schngellstein]]
|region = Bjeheond
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|fam1=
|script=
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}
 
 
'''Shum''' (''shoom''; native name ''llhau syuun'') is a tonal language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of Inthar's old sketches, Reber Wiebian.


==Introduction==
==Introduction==
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!  !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
!  !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Retroflex Lateral !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || '''t''' /t̪/ || || '''ṭ''' /ʈ/ || '''c''' /c/ || '''k''' /k/ ||
|-
|-
| Aspirated stop || '''ph''' /pʰ/ || || '''th''' /t̪ʰ/ || || '''ṭh''' /ʈʰ/ || '''ch''' /cʰ/ || '''kh''' /kʰ/ ||
| Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || '''tt''' /t̪/ || || '''t''' /ʈ/ || '''tl''' /ʈᶩ/ || '''c''' /c/ || '''k''' /k/ ||
|-
|-
| Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || '''d''' /d̪/ || || '''ḍ''' /ɖ/ || '''j''' /ɟ/ || '''g''' /ɡ/ ||
| Aspirated stop || '''ph''' /pʰ/ || || '''tth''' /t̪ʰ/ || || '''th''' /ʈʰ/ || '''tlh''' /ʈᶩʰ/ || '''ch''' /cʰ/ || '''kh''' /kʰ/ ||
|-
|-
| Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || '''dh''' /d̪ʰ/ || || '''ḍʰ''' /ɖʰ/ || '''jh''' /ɟʰ/ || '''gh''' /ɡʰ/ ||
| Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || '''dd''' /d̪/ || || '''d''' /ɖ/ || '''dl''' /ɖᶩ/ || '''j''' /ɟ/ || '''g''' /ɡ/ ||
|-
|-
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''n''' /n̪/ || || '''ṇ''' /ɳ/ || '''ñ''' /ɲ/ || ||
| Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || '''ddh''' /d̪ʰ/ || || '''dh''' /ɖʰ/ || '''dlh''' /ɖᶩʰ/ || '''jh''' /ɟʰ/ || '''gh''' /ɡʰ/ ||
|-
|-
| Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || '''nh''' /n̪ʰ/ || || '''ṇh''' /ɳʰ/ || '''ñh''' /ɲʰ/ ||  ||
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''nn''' /n̪/ || || '''n''' /ɳ/ || '''nl''' /ɳᶩ/ || '''nj''' /ɲ/ ||  ||
|-
|-
| Fricative || || || '''s''' /s/ || || '''ṣ''' /ʂ/ || '''ś''' /ç~ɕ/ || || '''h''' /h/
| Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || '''nnh''' /n̪ʰ/ || || '''nh''' /ɳʰ/ || '''nlh''' /ɳᶩʰ/ || '''njh''' /ɲʰ/ ||  ||
|-
|-
| Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ || || || || '''y''' /j/ || ||
| Fricative || || || '''ss''' /s/ || || '''s''' /ʂ/ || || '''sy''' /ç~ɕ/ || || '''h''' /h/
|-
|-
| Murmured approximant || || '''vh''' /ʋʰ/ || || || || || ||
| Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ || || '''ll''' /l/ || || '''l''' /ɺ̢/ || '''y''' /j/ || ||
|-
|-
| Lateral || || || '''l''' /l/ || || '''ḷ''' /ɺ̢/ || || ||
| Murmured approximant || || '''vh''' /ʋʰ/ || || '''llh''' /lʰ/ || || '''lh''' /ɺ̢ʰ/ || || ||
|-
|-
| Murmured lateral || || || '''lh''' /lʰ/ || || '''ḷh''' /ɺ̢ʰ/ || || ||
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || || ||
|-
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || ||
|}
|}


===Rimes===
===Rimes===


* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with mid (33) and low (22) tones (spelled ''a i u aḥ iḥ uḥ'')
* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a mid (33) tone (spelled ''at it ut ah ih uh'')
* a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: im~ĩ: um~ũ: with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones (spelled ''ā e ī o ū ai au aṁ iṁ uṁ'')
* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a low (22) tone (spelled ''att itt utt aha ihi uhu'')


===Tones===
* a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: em~ẽ: im~ĩ: om~õ: um~ũ: (spelled ''a e i o u ai au aa ee ii oo uu'') with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones; the tone letters are as follows:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! Tone !! Mid !! Low !! Rising !! Falling !! Dipping !! High dipping
! Tone !! Mid !! Low !! Rising !! Falling !! Dipping !! High dipping
|-
|-
| Spelling || a || à || á || â || ä || ǎ
| Spelling || || n || b || d || j || s
|}
|}


===Old Shumian===
===Registers===
 
Old Shumian had a much simpler sound system, with fewer consonants and no tones.


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
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===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Shumian is mostly isolating. There's one exception though, which is that the first consonant of the possessor in a genitive phrase is aspirated (unless it's /r/, /j/, or a fricative).
Shum is completely isolating and head-initial.


* ''ṇā̀'' (I), ''mäi'' (boat) ⇒ ''ṇā̀ mhäi'' (my boat)
* ''tlan'' (I), ''mhais'' (boat) ⇒ ''mhais tlan'' (my boat)
* ''rúm'' (eye), ''be'' (water) ⇒ ''rúm bhe'' (tears)
* ''ruub'' (eye), ''be'' (water) ⇒ ''be ruub'' (tears)


It derives from the genitive suffix ''*-s'' in Old Shumian. These phrases in Old Shumian would be:
===Pronouns===


* ''nrao'' (I), ''mati'' (boat) ⇒ ''nraos mati'' (my boat)
Shum pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (''tlan'' is used only in textbooks)
* ''rump'' (eye), ''bel'' (water) ⇒ ''rumps bel'' (tears)


==Numbers==
==Numbers==


{| class="wikitable"
==Syntax==
|-
 
! Number !! Shumian
Word order is SVO; adjectives and relative clauses come before nouns; there are postpositions instead of prepositions; determiners and classifiers are placed before the noun; complementizers are head-initial.
|-
| 0 || dó
|-
| 1 || lê
|-
| 2 || bàḥ
|-
| 3 || vûṁ
|-
| 4 || pai
|-
| 5 || śaṁ
|-
| 6 || śū̂
|-
| 7 || ñai
|-
| 8 || rìṁ
|-
| 9 || ḍiḥ
|-
| 10 || kū
|-
| 11 || nā̌
|-
| 12 || ū
|-
| 144 || vī̈
|-
| 1728 || dâu
|}


==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
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<!-- etc. etc. -->
<!-- etc. etc. -->


==Example texts==
==Lexicon==
*nlhaha 'fire'
*be 'water'
*tlan 'I'
*mhais 'boat'
 
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
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[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 23:10, 3 February 2022

Shum
llhau syuun
Created byPraimhín
SettingVerse:Schngellstein
  • Shum
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.


Shum (shoom; native name llhau syuun) is a tonal language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of Inthar's old sketches, Reber Wiebian.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Initials

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Retroflex Retroflex Lateral Palatal Velar Glottal
Voiceless stop p /p/ tt /t̪/ t /ʈ/ tl /ʈᶩ/ c /c/ k /k/
Aspirated stop ph /pʰ/ tth /t̪ʰ/ th /ʈʰ/ tlh /ʈᶩʰ/ ch /cʰ/ kh /kʰ/
Voiced stop b /b/ dd /d̪/ d /ɖ/ dl /ɖᶩ/ j /ɟ/ g /ɡ/
Murmured stop bh /bʰ/ ddh /d̪ʰ/ dh /ɖʰ/ dlh /ɖᶩʰ/ jh /ɟʰ/ gh /ɡʰ/
Nasal m /m/ nn /n̪/ n /ɳ/ nl /ɳᶩ/ nj /ɲ/
Murmured nasal mh /mʰ/ nnh /n̪ʰ/ nh /ɳʰ/ nlh /ɳᶩʰ/ njh /ɲʰ/
Fricative ss /s/ s /ʂ/ sy /ç~ɕ/ h /h/
Approximant v /ʋ/ ll /l/ l /ɺ̢/ y /j/
Murmured approximant vh /ʋʰ/ llh /lʰ/ lh /ɺ̢ʰ/
Trill r /r/

Rimes

  • aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a mid (33) tone (spelled at it ut ah ih uh)
  • aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a low (22) tone (spelled att itt utt aha ihi uhu)
  • a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: em~ẽ: im~ĩ: om~õ: um~ũ: (spelled a e i o u ai au aa ee ii oo uu) with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones; the tone letters are as follows:
Tone Mid Low Rising Falling Dipping High dipping
Spelling n b d j s

Registers

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Shum is completely isolating and head-initial.

  • tlan (I), mhais (boat) ⇒ mhais tlan (my boat)
  • ruub (eye), be (water) ⇒ be ruub (tears)

Pronouns

Shum pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (tlan is used only in textbooks)

Numbers

Syntax

Word order is SVO; adjectives and relative clauses come before nouns; there are postpositions instead of prepositions; determiners and classifiers are placed before the noun; complementizers are head-initial.

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Lexicon

  • nlhaha 'fire'
  • be 'water'
  • tlan 'I'
  • mhais 'boat'

Other resources

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Shum&oldid=258894"