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Verse:Mwail/Erno-Kawenic languages: Difference between revisions

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=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
PIr ā a -> a ə
PIr ă -> ə


orV, arV -> arV, erV -> aV eV
urV, orV, arV -> orV, arV, erV -> oV aV eV


Todo: lots of conditional vowel shifts
ira iro iru -> iwa iwo iwu


Vowel dissimilation? Because assimilation's boring
Same-vowel weakening rule: e.g. PI sumur is treated as if it were sămur


== Family tree ==
== Family tree ==
* Erno-Kawenic
* Erno-Kawenic
** [[Verse:Angai/Kawenic languages|Kawenic]]
** [[Verse:Mwail/Kawenic languages|Kawenic]]
** [[Verse:Angai/Ernic languages|Ernic]]
** [[Verse:Mwail/Ernic languages|Ernic]]


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
Proto-Erno-Kawenic is characterized by unusual sound changes from Proto-Irenesian.
=== Consonants ===
=== Consonants ===
m mˁ n ɳ ŋ
{| class="wikitable
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2| Labial
!rowspan=2| Denti-alveolar
!rowspan=2| Retroflex
!rowspan=2| Palatal
!rowspan=2| Uvular
|-
!|plain
!|pharyngealized
|-
!|Nasal
|| '''m''' /m/ || '''mˁ''' /mˁ/ || '''n''' /n̪/ || '''ṇ''' /ɳ/ || ||
|-
!|Stop
|| '''p''' /p/ || '''pˁ''' /pˁ/ || '''t''' /t̪/ || '''ṭ''' /ʈ/ || '''ć''' /tɕ/ || '''q''' /q/
|-
!|Fricative
|| || || || '''ṣ''' /ʂ/ || '''ç''' /ç/ || '''x''' /χ/
|-
!|Continuant
|| '''β''' /β/ || || '''δ''' /ð/ || '''r''' /ɻ/ || '''y''' /j/ ||
|}


p t tˁ ʈ tɕ q
=== Vowels ===
Short i e a o u ə


ʂ ç χ
Long ī ē ā ō ū


β ð r j
Nasal iñ eñ añ oñ uñ əñ


=== Vowels ===
Coloring effects
i e a o u ə + vowel length


Coloring effects
== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
I have to have a solid idea of how nouns work in PEK; I'm probably gonna cliticize classifiers after nouns
I have to have a solid idea of how nouns work in PEK; I'm probably gonna cliticize classifiers after nouns
Line 57: Line 80:
Some nouns, like proper nouns, family terms and body parts, shouldn't have classifiers
Some nouns, like proper nouns, family terms and body parts, shouldn't have classifiers


=== PI classifiers ===
=== Classifiers ===
Todo: suppletive plural forms
{| class="wikitable"
!| PEK classifier || Domain || Etymology
|-
|| sg. ''=nuć'', pl. ''=çe''
|| generic inanimate
|-
|| sg. ''=pće'', pl. ''=mut''
|| inanimate (pejorative)
|-
|| sg. ''=hoi'', pl. ''=au''
|| human
|-
|| sg. ''=qβe'', pl. ''=poyap''
|| human (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=upi''
|| generic animal
|-
|| ''=tiβo''
|| livestock
|-
|| ''=toyu''
|| animate (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=mˁō''
|| animate (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=pˁat''
|| flat sheets
|-
|| ''=əmço''
|| flat sheets (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=çeoñ''
|| trees and bushes; streams, rivers
|-
|| ''=uox''
|| herbaceous plants
|-
|| ''=epçi''
|| any plant (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=βuδ''
|| flowers, bunches of fruit
|-
|| ''=tia''
|| paths, ways
|-
|| ''=uhiç''
|| long thin objects
|-
|| ''=uyop''
|| fruits, spheres
|-
|| ''=tuć''
|| circles, rings
|-
|| ''=ex''
|| buildings
|-
|| ''=mˁəδañ''
|| vehicles
|-
|| ''=xəβuq''
|| man-made things (pejorative)
|-
|| ''=ćep''
|| marks, like written characters, wounds, ...
|-
|| ''=uñqe''
|| important places and events
|}


Todo: pejorative classifiers
=== Sandbox ===
PI urim 'rose apple' (bare) -> PEK oiŋ 'apple (is-a form); Apple (name form)' -> Ernish oi 'ibid.'


* nawil, pl. ike: generic things
PI urim uop -> PEK oiŋ=uyop 'the apple' -> Ernish oinguzop 'apple (singular)'
* pelke: things (pejorative)
* soŋi, pl. oru: humans
** -> PEK ''-hoi'', pl. ''-(y)au''
* k'ube, pl. poap: humans (pejorative)
* wipi: animals
* mogu: humans, animals (pejorative)
* p'asur: humans, animals (pejorative)
* mosat: flat sheets
* omko (lit. flake): flat sheets (pejorative)
* otkeŋu: flat sheets (pejorative)
* keron: trees and bushes; streams, rivers
* yuŋos: herbaceous plants
* eyepki: any plant (pejorative)
* bawăd: flowers, bunches of fruit
* aŋk'ă: long thin rigid objects, paths, ways things are done (e.g. languages)
* wasik: long thin flexible objects
* ut’uop: fruits, roughly spherical things
* tul: circles, rings
* ŋes: buildings
* p'odal: vehicles
* sawup: man-made things (pejorative)
* lăep: marks, like written characters, wounds, ...
* rukir: places
* ŋuta: events; verbal nouns tend to take this classifier
** PEK ''-uta'' infinitive


=== Sandbox ===
PI **urim bawăd -> PEK oiŋ bawəd -> oimbaud 'apples (plural)'
PI urim 'rose apple' (bare) -> PEK oiŋ 'apple (is-a form); Apple (name form)'


PI urim=uop -> PEK oimuyop 'apple' -> Ernish oimuzop
PI tiroŋ 'head' -> PEK tiwo: -> Ernish tiwo
(body parts don't take classifiers)
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