Vrkhazhian/Swadesh: Difference between revisions

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to be added
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
!i=№ style="width: 1em;" |  No.
e.g.
!c=en style="width: 8.5em;" |  [[English]]
 
!c=01 style="width: 8.5em;" |  Pre-Vrkhazhian
āni = I
!c=02 style="width: 8.5em;" |  [[Vrkhazhian]]
|-
|i=No| 1
|c=en| I (<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">1sg</span>)
|c=01| *ʔāni
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 2
|c=en| you (<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">2sg</span>)
|c=01| *ʔāmi
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 3
|c=en| he, she, it (<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">3sg</span>)
|c=01| *ʔāči
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 4
|c=en| we (<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">1pl</span>)
|c=01| *ʔānan
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 5
|c=en| you (<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">2pl</span>)
|c=01| *ʔāman
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 6
|c=en| they (<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">3pl</span>)
|c=01| *ʔāčan
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 7
|c=en| this
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 8
|c=en| that
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 9
|c=en| here
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 10
|c=en| there
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 11
|c=en| who
|c=01| *ḫamat-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 12
|c=en| what
|c=01| *ḫamat-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 13
|c=en| where
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 14
|c=en| when
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 15
|c=en| how
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 16
|c=en| not
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 17
|c=en| all
|c=01| *manaḥ-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 18
|c=en| many
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 19
|c=en| some
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 20
|c=en| few
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 21
|c=en| other
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 22
|c=en| one
|c=01| *tibis-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 23
|c=en| two
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 24
|c=en| three
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 25
|c=en| four
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 26
|c=en| five
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 27
|c=en| big
|c=01| *w-r-ḫ
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 28
|c=en| long
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 29
|c=en| wide
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 30
|c=en| thick
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 31
|c=en| heavy
|c=01| *d-ʔ-n
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 32
|c=en| small
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 33
|c=en| short
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 34
|c=en| narrow
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 35
|c=en| thin
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 36
|c=en| woman
|c=01| *lumb-
|c=02| lumbim
|-
|i=No| 37
|c=en| man (adult male)
|c=01| *raḥb-
|c=02| rēbim
|-
|i=No| 38
|c=en| human, person
|c=01| *ḫac-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 39
|c=en| child
|c=01| *simb-
|c=02| simbim
|-
|i=No| 40
|c=en| wife
|c=01| *lumb-
|c=02| lumbim
|-
|i=No| 41
|c=en| husband
|c=01| *raḥb-
|c=02| rēbim
|-
|i=No| 42
|c=en| mother
|c=01| *ʔann-, *nar-
|c=02| ʾannim, naram
|-
|i=No| 43
|c=en| father
|c=01| *ʔadd-, *dar-
|c=02| ʾaddim, daram
|-
|i=No| 44
|c=en| animal
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 45
|c=en| fish
|c=01| *ʔilg-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 46
|c=en| bird
|c=01| *ḳarš-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 47
|c=en| dog
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 48
|c=en| louse
|c=01| *sin̮m-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 49
|c=en| snake
|c=01| *ʔar(a)w-
|c=02| ʾāram
|-
|i=No| 50
|c=en| worm
|c=01| *ʔar(a)w-
|c=02|ʾāram
|-
|i=No| 51
|c=en| tree
|c=01| *ćim-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 52
|c=en| forest
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 53
|c=en| stick
|c=01| *ʔar(a)w-, *ʒāb-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 54
|c=en| fruit
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 55
|c=en| seed
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 56
|c=en| leaf
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 57
|c=en| root
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 58
|c=en| bark (of a tree)
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 59
|c=en| flower
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 60
|c=en| grass
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 61
|c=en| rope
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 62
|c=en| skin
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 63
|c=en| meat
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 64
|c=en| blood
|c=01| *cim-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 65
|c=en| bone
|c=01| *ḫarim-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 66
|c=en| fat (noun)
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 67
|c=en| egg
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 68
|c=en| horn
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 69
|c=en| tail
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 70
|c=en| feather
|c=01| *samir-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 71
|c=en| hair
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 72
|c=en| head
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 73
|c=en| ear
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 74
|c=en| eye
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 75
|c=en| nose
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 76
|c=en| mouth
|c=01| *śād-, *miriʡ-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 77
|c=en| tooth
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 78
|c=en| tongue (organ)
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 79
|c=en| fingernail
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 80
|c=en| foot
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 81
|c=en| leg
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 82
|c=en| knee
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 83
|c=en| hand
|c=01| *lām-, *ʔušš-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 84
|c=en| wing
|c=01| *lām-, *gayb-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 85
|c=en| belly
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 86
|c=en| guts
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 87
|c=en| neck
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 88
|c=en| back
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 89
|c=en| breast
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 90
|c=en| heart
|c=01| *daśiw-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 91
|c=en| liver
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 92
|c=en| to drink
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 93
|c=en| to eat
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 94
|c=en| to bite
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 95
|c=en| to suck
|c=01| *p-č̣-m
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 96
|c=en| to spit
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 97
|c=en| to vomit
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 98
|c=en| to blow
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 99
|c=en| to breathe
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 100
|c=en| to laugh
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 101
|c=en| to see
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 102
|c=en| to hear
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 103
|c=en| to know
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 104
|c=en| to think
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 105
|c=en| to smell
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 106
|c=en| to fear
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 107
|c=en| to sleep
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 108
|c=en| to live
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 109
|c=en| to die
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 110
|c=en| to kill
|c=01| *č̣-h-b
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 111
|c=en| to fight
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 112
|c=en| to hunt
|c=01| *y-n-n
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 113
|c=en| to hit
|c=01| *č̣-h-b, ???
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 114
|c=en| to cut
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 115
|c=en| to split
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 116
|c=en| to stab
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 117
|c=en| to scratch
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 118
|c=en| to dig
|c=01| *d-w-l
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 119
|c=en| to swim
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 120
|c=en| to fly
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 121
|c=en| to walk
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 122
|c=en| to come
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 123
|c=en| to lie (as in a bed)
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 124
|c=en| to sit
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 125
|c=en| to stand
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 126
|c=en| to turn (intransitive)
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 127
|c=en| to fall
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 128
|c=en| to give
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 129
|c=en| to hold
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 130
|c=en| to squeeze
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 131
|c=en| to rub
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 132
|c=en| to wash
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 133
|c=en| to wipe
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 134
|c=en| to pull
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 135
|c=en| to push
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 136
|c=en| to throw
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 137
|c=en| to tie
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 138
|c=en| to sew
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 139
|c=en| to count
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 140
|c=en| to say
|c=01| *p-r-ḫ
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 141
|c=en| to sing
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 142
|c=en| to play
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 143
|c=en| to float
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 144
|c=en| to flow
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 145
|c=en| to freeze
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 146
|c=en| to swell
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 147
|c=en| sun
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 148
|c=en| moon
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 149
|c=en| star
|c=01| *dak-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 150
|c=en| water
|c=01| *kapiʔ-, *maʒiy-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 151
|c=en| rain
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 152
|c=en| river
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 153
|c=en| lake
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 154
|c=en| sea
|c=01| *maʒiy-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 155
|c=en| salt
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 156
|c=en| stone
|c=01| *hadg-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 157
|c=en| sand
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 158
|c=en| dust
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 159
|c=en| earth
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 160
|c=en| cloud
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 161
|c=en| fog
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 162
|c=en| sky
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 163
|c=en| wind
|c=01| *ḫam-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 164
|c=en| snow
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 165
|c=en| ice
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 166
|c=en| smoke
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 167
|c=en| fire
|c=01| *wāś-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 168
|c=en| ash
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 169
|c=en| to burn
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 170
|c=en| road
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 171
|c=en| mountain
|c=01| *gand-
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 172
|c=en| red
|c=01| *ʒ-w-l
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 173
|c=en| green
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 174
|c=en| yellow
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 175
|c=en| white
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 176
|c=en| black
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 177
|c=en| night
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 178
|c=en| day
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 179
|c=en| year
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 180
|c=en| warm
|c=01| *ǯ-ḫ-m
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 181
|c=en| cold
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 182
|c=en| full
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 183
|c=en| new
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 184
|c=en| old
|c=01| *s-g-l
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 185
|c=en| good
|c=01| *r-s-y
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 186
|c=en| bad
|c=01| *n-m-r
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 187
|c=en| rotten
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 188
|c=en| dirty
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 189
|c=en| straight
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 190
|c=en| round
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 191
|c=en| sharp (as a knife)
|c=01| *t-ḫ-c̣
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 192
|c=en| dull (as a knife)
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 193
|c=en| smooth
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 194
|c=en| wet
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 195
|c=en| dry
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 196
|c=en| correct
|c=01| *ḫ-ś-ʔ
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 197
|c=en| near
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 198
|c=en| far
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 199
|c=en| right
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 200
|c=en| left
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 201
|c=en| at
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 202
|c=en| in
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 203
|c=en| with
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 204
|c=en| and
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 205
|c=en| if
|c=01| *maha
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 206
|c=en| because
|c=01|
|c=02|
|-
|i=No| 207
|c=en| name
|c=01| *ǯān-
|c=02|
|}

Latest revision as of 03:56, 13 September 2025

No. English Pre-Vrkhazhian Vrkhazhian
1 I (1sg) *ʔāni
2 you (2sg) *ʔāmi
3 he, she, it (3sg) *ʔāči
4 we (1pl) *ʔānan
5 you (2pl) *ʔāman
6 they (3pl) *ʔāčan
7 this
8 that
9 here
10 there
11 who *ḫamat-
12 what *ḫamat-
13 where
14 when
15 how
16 not
17 all *manaḥ-
18 many
19 some
20 few
21 other
22 one *tibis-
23 two
24 three
25 four
26 five
27 big *w-r-ḫ
28 long
29 wide
30 thick
31 heavy *d-ʔ-n
32 small
33 short
34 narrow
35 thin
36 woman *lumb- lumbim
37 man (adult male) *raḥb- rēbim
38 human, person *ḫac-
39 child *simb- simbim
40 wife *lumb- lumbim
41 husband *raḥb- rēbim
42 mother *ʔann-, *nar- ʾannim, naram
43 father *ʔadd-, *dar- ʾaddim, daram
44 animal
45 fish *ʔilg-
46 bird *ḳarš-
47 dog
48 louse *sin̮m-
49 snake *ʔar(a)w- ʾāram
50 worm *ʔar(a)w- ʾāram
51 tree *ćim-
52 forest
53 stick *ʔar(a)w-, *ʒāb-
54 fruit
55 seed
56 leaf
57 root
58 bark (of a tree)
59 flower
60 grass
61 rope
62 skin
63 meat
64 blood *cim-
65 bone *ḫarim-
66 fat (noun)
67 egg
68 horn
69 tail
70 feather *samir-
71 hair
72 head
73 ear
74 eye
75 nose
76 mouth *śād-, *miriʡ-
77 tooth
78 tongue (organ)
79 fingernail
80 foot
81 leg
82 knee
83 hand *lām-, *ʔušš-
84 wing *lām-, *gayb-
85 belly
86 guts
87 neck
88 back
89 breast
90 heart *daśiw-
91 liver
92 to drink
93 to eat
94 to bite
95 to suck *p-č̣-m
96 to spit
97 to vomit
98 to blow
99 to breathe
100 to laugh
101 to see
102 to hear
103 to know
104 to think
105 to smell
106 to fear
107 to sleep
108 to live
109 to die
110 to kill *č̣-h-b
111 to fight
112 to hunt *y-n-n
113 to hit *č̣-h-b, ???
114 to cut
115 to split
116 to stab
117 to scratch
118 to dig *d-w-l
119 to swim
120 to fly
121 to walk
122 to come
123 to lie (as in a bed)
124 to sit
125 to stand
126 to turn (intransitive)
127 to fall
128 to give
129 to hold
130 to squeeze
131 to rub
132 to wash
133 to wipe
134 to pull
135 to push
136 to throw
137 to tie
138 to sew
139 to count
140 to say *p-r-ḫ
141 to sing
142 to play
143 to float
144 to flow
145 to freeze
146 to swell
147 sun
148 moon
149 star *dak-
150 water *kapiʔ-, *maʒiy-
151 rain
152 river
153 lake
154 sea *maʒiy-
155 salt
156 stone *hadg-
157 sand
158 dust
159 earth
160 cloud
161 fog
162 sky
163 wind *ḫam-
164 snow
165 ice
166 smoke
167 fire *wāś-
168 ash
169 to burn
170 road
171 mountain *gand-
172 red *ʒ-w-l
173 green
174 yellow
175 white
176 black
177 night
178 day
179 year
180 warm *ǯ-ḫ-m
181 cold
182 full
183 new
184 old *s-g-l
185 good *r-s-y
186 bad *n-m-r
187 rotten
188 dirty
189 straight
190 round
191 sharp (as a knife) *t-ḫ-c̣
192 dull (as a knife)
193 smooth
194 wet
195 dry
196 correct *ḫ-ś-ʔ
197 near
198 far
199 right
200 left
201 at
202 in
203 with
204 and
205 if *maha
206 because
207 name *ǯān-
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