Neck Thai: Difference between revisions

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[[Neckthai/Lexicon|Lexicon]]
{{movedon}}
 
[[Neck Thai/Lexicon|Lexicon]]


{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
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|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = Nékthijʔ dòai
|nativename = dòai Nékthijʔ
|pronunciation = /nék.tʰɛ̌j ɗɔ̀ːj/
|pronunciation = /ɗɔ̀ːj nék.tʰăj/
|region = Nékthijmien
|region = Nékthijmien
|setting = Hussmauch
|setting = Hussmauch
|states =  
|states =  
|speakers = 50 million
|speakers = 20 million
|date = 2200 v.C.
|date = 2200 v.C.
|familycolor=Tai-Kadai
|familycolor=Tai-Kadai
|fam1=Tie–Dye
|fam1=[[Tie–Dye languages|Tie–Dye]]
|fam2=Tie
|fam2=[[Tie languages|Tie]]
|script={{PAGENAME}} abugida
|script={{PAGENAME}} abugida
}}
}}


'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (native name ''Nék-thijʔ dòai'' /nék.tʰăj ɗɔ̀ːj/) is a [[Tie–Dye languages|Tie–Dye language]] with over 50 million speakers. It is the official language of Neckthailand (''Nékthijmien'')
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (native name ''dòai Nék-thijʔ'' /ɗɔ̀ːj nék.tʰăj/) is a [[Tie–Dye languages|Tie–Dye language]] with over 50 million speakers. It is the official language of Neck Thailand (''Nékthijmien'')
==Todo==
*''Phlét Kwaai'' = Capital of Neck Thailand
==Diachronics==
===Proto-Tie to Proto-Neckic===
 
===Proto-Neckic to Old Neck Thai===
===Old Neck Thai to Modern Neck Thai===
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
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!  |Labial
!  |Labial
!  |Alveolar
!  |Alveolar
!  |Click
!  |Coart.
!  |Palatal
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Velar
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| '''m''' /m/
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
| '''n''' /n/
| '''nǃx''' /ŋǃ/
|  
|  
|  
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
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| '''p''' /p/
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''ǃx''' /ǃ/
|  
| '''tj''' /tɕ/
| '''tj''' /tɕ/
| '''k''' /k/
| '''k''' /k/
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| '''ph''' /pʰ/
| '''ph''' /pʰ/
| '''th''' /tʰ/
| '''th''' /tʰ/
| '''ǃxh''' /ǃʰ/
|  
| '''tjh''' /tɕʰ/
| '''tjh''' /tɕʰ/
| '''kh''' /kʰ/
| '''kh''' /kʰ/
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| '''v''' /f/
| '''v''' /f/
| '''z''' /s/
| '''z''' /s/
| '''sch''' /ɧ/
|  
|  
|
| '''g''' /x/
| '''g, sch''' /x/
|  
|  
| '''h''' /h/
| '''h''' /h/
|-
|-
! colspan="2"|Trill/App.
! colspan="2"|Approximant
| '''w''' /w/
| '''w''' /ʋ/
|  
| '''l''' /l/
|  
|  
| '''j''' /j/
| '''j''' /j/
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! colspan="2" |Liquid
! colspan="2" |Liquid
|  
|  
| '''l''' /l/
| '''r''' /r/
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| '''r''' /ʀ~ʁ/
|  
|  
|}
|}


Allowed initial clusters: '''pl, pr, phl, phr, vl, vr, tr, ǃxr, kl, kr, kw, khl, khr, khw'''
Allowed initial clusters: '''pl, phl, pr, phr, vl, vr, tr, thr, schr, kl, khl, gl, kr, khr, gr, kw, khw'''


Many speakers in the capital Houwá Thing Vîer merge the pairs /pʀ pʰʀ/, /kʀ kʰʀ/. /ǃʀ/ is often pronounced as [ǃ]. Some dialects merge /ʀ-/ and /ŋ-/ into a nasalized uvular flap /ʀ̆ⁿ/ or approximant /ʁ̃/ and also simplify all Cr clusters to C.
Some dialects pronounce /r/ as a uvular trill [ʀ] - in these dialects, /pʀ pʰʀ/, /tʀ tʰʀ/ and /kʀ kʰʀ/ are merged, and /ǃʀ/ is often pronounced as [ǃ].


====Finals====
====Finals====
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! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' [m]
| '''m''' [m]
| '''n, l''' [n]
| '''n''' [n]
| '''ng, r''' [ŋ]
| '''ng''' [ŋ]
|  
|  
|-
|-
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! colspan="2" |App.
! colspan="2" |App.
| ('''uw''' [w])
| ('''uw''' [w])
|  
| '''l''' [l]
| ('''i''' [j])
| ('''i''' [j])
|  
|  
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| '''u''' /ʉ/
| '''u''' /ʉ/
| '''uu''' /ʉː/
| '''uu''' /ʉː/
|  
| '''œ''' /u/
| '''oe''' /uː/
| '''oe''' /uː/
|-
|-
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| '''e''' /e/
| '''e''' /e/
| '''ee''' /eː/
| '''ee''' /eː/
| '''eo''' /ɵ/
| '''eo''' /ə/
| '''eu''' /ɵː/
| '''eu''' /ɵː/
| '''o''' /o/
| '''o''' /o/
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!colspan="2"|Short
!colspan="2"|Short
|-
|-
!Neckthai
!Neck Thai
!IPA
!IPA
!Neckthai
!Neck Thai
!IPA
!IPA
|-
|-
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|'''aauw'''
|'''aauw'''
|{{IPA|/aːw/}}
|{{IPA|/aːw/}}
|'''ouw, ou'''
|'''ou'''
|{{IPA|/aw/}}
|{{IPA|/aw/}}
|-
|-
|'''ia'''
|'''ia'''
|{{IPA|/iːa/}}
|{{IPA|/iːɐ/}}
|'''ia' '''
|'''ia' '''
|{{IPA|/ia/}}
|{{IPA|/iɐʔ/}}
|-
|-
|'''ieuw'''
|{{IPA|/iːw/}}
|–
|–
|–
|–
|'''ieuw'''
|{{IPA|/iw/}}
|-
|-
|'''oea'''
|'''oea'''
|{{IPA|/uːa/}}
|{{IPA|/uːɐ/}}
|'''oea' '''
|'''oea' '''
|{{IPA|/ua/}}
|{{IPA|/uɐʔ/}}
|-
|-
|'''oei'''
|'''oei'''
|{{IPA|/uːj/}}
|{{IPA|/uːj/}}
|–
|'''œi'''
|–
|/uj/
|-
|-
|'''eeuw'''
|'''eeuw'''
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|-
|-
|'''ua'''
|'''ua'''
|{{IPA|/ʉːa/}}
|{{IPA|/ʉːɐ/}}
|'''ua' '''
|'''ua' '''
|{{IPA|/ʉa/}}
|{{IPA|/ʉɐʔ/}}
|-
|-
|'''eui'''
|'''eui'''
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{|class="bluetable lightbluebg"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|-
|-
!Neckthai
!Neck Thai
!IPA
!IPA
|-
|-
|'''iauw'''
|'''iauw'''
|{{IPA|/iaw/}}
|{{IPA|/iɐw/}}
|-
|-
|'''oeai'''
|'''oeai'''
|{{IPA|/uaj/}}
|{{IPA|/uɐj/}}
|-
|-
|'''uai'''
|'''uai'''
|{{IPA|/ʉaj/}}
|{{IPA|/ʉɐj/}}
|}
|}


===Tones===
===Tones===
Standard Neckthai uses 5 tones.
Standard Neck Thai uses 5 tones.
*Mid: ''raa'' /ʀāː/ [ʀaː˧] 'easy'
*Mid: ''raa'' /rāː/ [raː˧] 'easy'
*Low: ''ràa'' /ʀàː/ [ʀaː˨˩] 'loud'
*Low: ''ràa'' /ràː/ [raː˨˩] 'loud'
*Falling: ''râa'' /ʀâː/ [ʀaː˥˩˩] 'fruit'
*Falling: ''râa'' /râː/ [raː˥˩˩] 'fruit'
*High: ''ráa'' /ʀáː/ [ʀaː˥] 'white'
*High: ''ráa'' /ráː/ [raː˥] 'white'
*Rising: ''raaʔ'' /ʀǎː/ [ʀaː˨˩˦] 'vase'
*Rising: ''raaʔ'' /rǎː/ [raː˨˩˦] 'vase'


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
[[File:Neckthai_script.png]]<!--
Neck Thai is written in a version of the [[Tergetian]] abugida.
Neckthai is written in a version of the [[Tergetian]] abugida.
 
A ''kháschàwijjálijn'' (''Gerschweierlein''; an analogue to the Thai ''thanthakhat'') is a %-like diacritic that marks consonants that are silenced in the Neckthai pronunciation of Wiebian loanwords. For example, ''wan'' 'body; physical object' is written ϕ<sub>n</sub>!ϙ<sup>%</sup> (''wand<sup>%</sup>'', reflecting Wiebian ''Wande'' 'body') with a ''kháschàwijjálijn'' over the ''d''.


*'''∑ ε''' - ''tràap'' (Wiebian ''Trab'')
*'''∑ ε''' - ''tràap'' (Wiebian ''Trab'')
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*_{2i} = /ɯː/
*_{2i} = /ɯː/
*_{2i}∞ = /ɯːɐ/
*_{2i}∞ = /ɯːɐ/
-->


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
*I: ''khôet''
*I: ''khôet''
*thou: ''òer''
*thou: ''òeng''
*we: ''ngàe''
*we: ''ngàe''


==Loanwords==
==Loanwords==
Many {{PAGENAME}} words are Wiebian loanwords which come from all stages of Wiebian, Ancient Wiebian to modern lects.
Many {{PAGENAME}} words are [[Wiebian]] loanwords which come from all stages of Wiebian, Ancient Wiebian to modern lects. [[Tergetian]] and [[Whetmer]] are also significant sources of loanwords.


Loanwords from Ancient Wiebian:
Loanwords from [[Ancient Wiebian]]:
*''hét'' 'queen, lady' (< Ancient Wiebian ''Heste'' /ˈhɛstə/ 'wife')
*''hét'' 'queen, lady' (< Ancient Wiebian ''Heste'' /ˈhɛstə/ 'wife')
==Numbers==
uum - 0
tjhanʔ - 1
ijʔ - 2
vòet - 3
gâai - 4
zèng - 5
!xìet - 6
vae - 7
nôea - 8
ngîat - 9
ràat - 10
jæ̂ng - 100


==Derivational morphology==
==Derivational morphology==


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Tie–Dye languages]]
[[Category:Tie languages]]
[[Category:Hussmauch]]

Latest revision as of 13:01, 31 October 2017

Lexicon

Neck Thai
dòai Nékthijʔ
Nékthij dòai.png
Pronunciation[/ɗɔ̀ːj nék.tʰăj/]
Created byIlL
SettingHussmauch
Native speakers20 million (2200 v.C.)
Tie–Dye

Neck Thai (native name dòai Nék-thijʔ /ɗɔ̀ːj nék.tʰăj/) is a Tie–Dye language with over 50 million speakers. It is the official language of Neck Thailand (Nékthijmien)

Todo

  • Phlét Kwaai = Capital of Neck Thailand

Diachronics

Proto-Tie to Proto-Neckic

Proto-Neckic to Old Neck Thai

Old Neck Thai to Modern Neck Thai

Phonology

Consonants

Initials

Neck Thai initials
Labial Alveolar Coart. Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive plain p /p/ t /t/ tj /tɕ/ k /k/ /ʔ/
aspirated ph /pʰ/ th /tʰ/ tjh /tɕʰ/ kh /kʰ/
implosive b /ɓ~b/ d /ɗ~d/
Fricative v /f/ z /s/ sch /ɧ/ g /x/ h /h/
Approximant w /ʋ/ l /l/ j /j/
Liquid r /r/

Allowed initial clusters: pl, phl, pr, phr, vl, vr, tr, thr, schr, kl, khl, gl, kr, khr, gr, kw, khw

Some dialects pronounce /r/ as a uvular trill [ʀ] - in these dialects, /pʀ pʰʀ/, /tʀ tʰʀ/ and /kʀ kʰʀ/ are merged, and /ǃʀ/ is often pronounced as [ǃ].

Finals

Neck Thai finals
Labial Alveolar Dorsal Laryngeal
Nasal m [m] n [n] ng [ŋ]
Plosive p [p̚] t [t̚] k [k̚] ' [ʔ]
App. (uw [w]) l [l] (i [j])

Vowels

Monophthongs

Neck Thai monophthongs
Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ie /iː/ u /ʉ/ uu /ʉː/ œ /u/ oe /uː/
Close-mid e /e/ ee /eː/ eo /ə/ eu /ɵː/ o /o/ oo /oː/
Open-mid æ /ɛ/ ae /ɛː/ ọ /ɔ/ oa /ɔː/
Open a /ɐ/ aa /aː/

Diphthongs

Long Short
Neck Thai IPA Neck Thai IPA
aai /aːj/ ij /aj/
aauw /aːw/ ou /aw/
ia /iːɐ/ ia' /iɐʔ/
ieuw /iːw/ – –
oea /uːɐ/ oea' /uɐʔ/
oei /uːj/ œi /uj/
eeuw /eːw/ euw /ew/
aeuw /ɛːw/ – –
ua /ʉːɐ/ ua' /ʉɐʔ/
eui /ɵːj/ ui /ɵj/
oai /ɔːj/ – –
ooi /oːj/ oi /oj/

Triphthongs

Neck Thai IPA
iauw /iɐw/
oeai /uɐj/
uai /ʉɐj/

Tones

Standard Neck Thai uses 5 tones.

  • Mid: raa /rāː/ [raː˧] 'easy'
  • Low: ràa /ràː/ [raː˨˩] 'loud'
  • Falling: râa /râː/ [raː˥˩˩] 'fruit'
  • High: ráa /ráː/ [raː˥] 'white'
  • Rising: raaʔ /rǎː/ [raː˨˩˦] 'vase'

Orthography

Neck Thai is written in a version of the Tergetian abugida.

  • ∑ ε - tràap (Wiebian Trab)
  • Ь ь - khan (Wiebian Galst)
  • Ǝ 3 - kon (Wiebian Koll)
  • Φ ϕ - wia (Wiebian Wirr)
  • Ṭ ! - nâak (Wiebian Narch)
  • Ξ ξ - lék (Wiebian Lecken)
  • Κ κ - krìet (Wiebian Kried)
  • Z z - vèkhîet (Wiebian Pfegied)
  • F f - ang (Wiebian Ang)
  • ∇ ʋ̌ - ǃxìjp (Wiebian Ŧeib)
  • Λ λ - jam (Wiebian Jamm)
  • ∫ s - vìt (Wiebian Fitt)
  • Þ þ - mâek (Wiebian Μersch)
  • Ψ ψ - thák (Wiebian Dachel)
  • Θ θ - ǃxhrôek (Wiebian Đruch)
  • X x - ríp (Wiebian Rift)
  • ℘ ρ - gát (Primitive Tergetian ġattis)
  • V v - schànàat (Wiebian Schnad)
  • W w - thíschà schànàat (Wiebian discher Schnad) (for high-class /s/ in native words)
  • Q q - hamʔ (Wiebian Hammel)
  • Г г - phrôek (Wiebian Brug)
  • 8 γ - sèkham (Wiebian Zegahm) (for mid-class /s/ deriving from Wiebian z)

Vowel symbols

  • ^t = /ɐ/
  • _t = /aː/
  • ^n, ^{2t} = /e/
  • _n, _{2t} = /eː/
  • ^m = /ɛ/
  • _m, ^n∞, _n∞ = /ɛː/
  • ^2 = /i/
  • _2 = /i/
  • _2∞ = /iːɐ/
  • ^r = /o/
  • _r = /oː/
  • ^N = /ɔ/
  • _N, ^r∞, _r∞ = /ɔː/
  • _i = /uː/
  • _i∞ = /uːɐ/
  • ^{2r} = /ɤ/
  • _{2r}, ^{2r}∞, _{2r}∞ = /ɤː/
  • ^{2i} = /ɯ/
  • _{2i} = /ɯː/
  • _{2i}∞ = /ɯːɐ/

Grammar

Pronouns

  • I: khôet
  • thou: òeng
  • we: ngàe

Loanwords

Many Neck Thai words are Wiebian loanwords which come from all stages of Wiebian, Ancient Wiebian to modern lects. Tergetian and Whetmer are also significant sources of loanwords.

Loanwords from Ancient Wiebian:

  • hét 'queen, lady' (< Ancient Wiebian Heste /ˈhɛstə/ 'wife')

Numbers

uum - 0

tjhanʔ - 1

ijʔ - 2

vòet - 3

gâai - 4

zèng - 5

!xìet - 6

vae - 7

nôea - 8

ngîat - 9

ràat - 10

jæ̂ng - 100

Derivational morphology

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