Neck Thai: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(24 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{movedon}}
[[Neck Thai/Lexicon|Lexicon]]
[[Neck Thai/Lexicon|Lexicon]]


Line 5: Line 7:
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = Nékthijʔ dòai
|nativename = dòai Nékthijʔ
|pronunciation = /nék.tʰɛ̌j ɗɔ̀ːj/
|pronunciation = /ɗɔ̀ːj nék.tʰăj/
|region = Nékthijmien
|region = Nékthijmien
|setting = Hussmauch
|setting = Hussmauch
|states =  
|states =  
|speakers = 50 million
|speakers = 20 million
|date = 2200 v.C.
|date = 2200 v.C.
|familycolor=Tai-Kadai
|familycolor=Tai-Kadai
Line 18: Line 20:
}}
}}


'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (native name ''Nék-thijʔ dòai'' /nék.tʰăj ɗɔ̀ːj/) is a [[Tie–Dye languages|Tie–Dye language]] with over 50 million speakers. It is the official language of Neck Thailand (''Nékthijmien'')
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (native name ''dòai Nék-thijʔ'' /ɗɔ̀ːj nék.tʰăj/) is a [[Tie–Dye languages|Tie–Dye language]] with over 50 million speakers. It is the official language of Neck Thailand (''Nékthijmien'')
==Todo==
*''Phlét Kwaai'' = Capital of Neck Thailand
==Diachronics==
==Diachronics==
===Proto-Tie to Proto-Neckic===
===Proto-Tie to Proto-Neckic===
*''sw-, w-'' > ''f-, v-''


===Proto-Neckic to Old Neck Thai===
===Proto-Neckic to Old Neck Thai===
Line 34: Line 37:
!  |Labial
!  |Labial
!  |Alveolar
!  |Alveolar
!  |Click
!  |Coart.
!  |Palatal
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Velar
Line 43: Line 46:
| '''m''' /m/
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
| '''n''' /n/
| '''nǃx''' /ŋǃ/
|  
|  
|  
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
Line 53: Line 56:
| '''p''' /p/
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''ǃx''' /ǃ/
|  
| '''tj''' /tɕ/
| '''tj''' /tɕ/
| '''k''' /k/
| '''k''' /k/
Line 62: Line 65:
| '''ph''' /pʰ/
| '''ph''' /pʰ/
| '''th''' /tʰ/
| '''th''' /tʰ/
| '''ǃxh''' /ǃʰ/
|  
| '''tjh''' /tɕʰ/
| '''tjh''' /tɕʰ/
| '''kh''' /kʰ/
| '''kh''' /kʰ/
Line 88: Line 91:
! colspan="2"|Approximant
! colspan="2"|Approximant
| '''w''' /ʋ/
| '''w''' /ʋ/
|  
| '''l''' /l/
|  
|  
| '''j''' /j/
| '''j''' /j/
Line 97: Line 100:
! colspan="2" |Liquid
! colspan="2" |Liquid
|  
|  
| '''l''' /l/
| '''r''' /r/
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| '''r''' /ʀ~ʁ/
|  
|  
|}
|}


Allowed initial clusters: '''pl, phl, pr, phr, vl, vr, tr, thr, !xr, ǃxhr, kl, khl, kr, khr, kw, khw'''
Allowed initial clusters: '''pl, phl, pr, phr, vl, vr, tr, thr, schr, kl, khl, gl, kr, khr, gr, kw, khw'''


/pʀ pʰʀ/, /tʀ tʰʀ/ and /kʀ kʰʀ/ are merged. /ǃʀ/ is often pronounced as [ǃ]. Some dialects merge /ʀ-/ and /ŋ-/ into a nasalized uvular flap /ʀ̆ⁿ/ or approximant /ʁ̃/ and also simplify all Cr clusters to C.
Some dialects pronounce /r/ as a uvular trill [ʀ] - in these dialects, /pʀ pʰʀ/, /tʀ tʰʀ/ and /kʀ kʰʀ/ are merged, and /ǃʀ/ is often pronounced as [ǃ].


====Finals====
====Finals====
Line 133: Line 136:
! colspan="2" |App.
! colspan="2" |App.
| ('''uw''' [w])
| ('''uw''' [w])
|  
| '''l''' [l]
| ('''i''' [j])
| ('''i''' [j])
|  
|  
Line 208: Line 211:
|'''aauw'''
|'''aauw'''
|{{IPA|/aːw/}}
|{{IPA|/aːw/}}
|'''ouw'''
|'''ou'''
|{{IPA|/aw/}}
|{{IPA|/aw/}}
|-
|-
Line 214: Line 217:
|{{IPA|/iːɐ/}}
|{{IPA|/iːɐ/}}
|'''ia' '''
|'''ia' '''
|{{IPA|/iɐ/}}
|{{IPA|/iɐʔ/}}
|-
|-
|'''ieuw'''
|{{IPA|/iːw/}}
|–
|–
|–
|–
|'''ieuw'''
|{{IPA|/iw/}}
|-
|-
|'''oea'''
|'''oea'''
|{{IPA|/uːɐ/}}
|{{IPA|/uːɐ/}}
|'''oea' '''
|'''oea' '''
|{{IPA|/uɐ/}}
|{{IPA|/uɐʔ/}}
|-
|-
|'''oei'''
|'''oei'''
Line 244: Line 247:
|{{IPA|/ʉːɐ/}}
|{{IPA|/ʉːɐ/}}
|'''ua' '''
|'''ua' '''
|{{IPA|/ʉɐ/}}
|{{IPA|/ʉɐʔ/}}
|-
|-
|'''eui'''
|'''eui'''
Line 269: Line 272:
|-
|-
|'''iauw'''
|'''iauw'''
|{{IPA|/iaw/}}
|{{IPA|/iɐw/}}
|-
|-
|'''oeai'''
|'''oeai'''
|{{IPA|/uaj/}}
|{{IPA|/uɐj/}}
|-
|-
|'''uai'''
|'''uai'''
|{{IPA|/ʉaj/}}
|{{IPA|/ʉɐj/}}
|}
|}


===Tones===
===Tones===
Standard Neck Thai uses 5 tones.
Standard Neck Thai uses 5 tones.
*Mid: ''raa'' /ʀāː/ [ʀaː˧] 'easy'
*Mid: ''raa'' /rāː/ [raː˧] 'easy'
*Low: ''ràa'' /ʀàː/ [ʀaː˨˩] 'loud'
*Low: ''ràa'' /ràː/ [raː˨˩] 'loud'
*Falling: ''râa'' /ʀâː/ [ʀaː˥˩˩] 'fruit'
*Falling: ''râa'' /râː/ [raː˥˩˩] 'fruit'
*High: ''ráa'' /ʀáː/ [ʀaː˥] 'white'
*High: ''ráa'' /ráː/ [raː˥] 'white'
*Rising: ''raaʔ'' /ʀǎː/ [ʀaː˨˩˦] 'vase'
*Rising: ''raaʔ'' /rǎː/ [raː˨˩˦] 'vase'


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
[[File:Neck Thai_script.png]]<!--
Neck Thai is written in a version of the [[Tergetian]] abugida.
Neck Thai is written in a version of the [[Tergetian]] abugida.
A ''kháschàwijjálijn'' (''Gerschweierlein''; an analogue to the Thai ''thanthakhat'') is a %-like diacritic that marks consonants that are silenced in the Neck Thai pronunciation of Wiebian loanwords. For example, ''wan'' 'body; physical object' is written ϕ<sub>n</sub>!ϙ<sup>%</sup> (''wand<sup>%</sup>'', reflecting Wiebian ''Wande'' 'body') with a ''kháschàwijjálijn'' over the ''d''.


*'''∑ ε''' - ''tràap'' (Wiebian ''Trab'')
*'''∑ ε''' - ''tràap'' (Wiebian ''Trab'')
Line 336: Line 336:
*_{2i} = /ɯː/
*_{2i} = /ɯː/
*_{2i}∞ = /ɯːɐ/
*_{2i}∞ = /ɯːɐ/
-->


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Line 349: Line 348:
Loanwords from [[Ancient Wiebian]]:
Loanwords from [[Ancient Wiebian]]:
*''hét'' 'queen, lady' (< Ancient Wiebian ''Heste'' /ˈhɛstə/ 'wife')
*''hét'' 'queen, lady' (< Ancient Wiebian ''Heste'' /ˈhɛstə/ 'wife')
Loanwords from [[Tergetian]]:
*''!xheeuwʔ'' 'chalice' (< Tergetian ''ŧèabh'')


==Numbers==
==Numbers==
Line 381: Line 377:


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Tie–Dye languages]]
[[Category:Tie languages]]
[[Category:Hussmauch]]

Latest revision as of 13:01, 31 October 2017

Lexicon

Neck Thai
dòai Nékthijʔ
Nékthij dòai.png
Pronunciation[/ɗɔ̀ːj nék.tʰăj/]
Created byIlL
SettingHussmauch
Native speakers20 million (2200 v.C.)
Tie–Dye

Neck Thai (native name dòai Nék-thijʔ /ɗɔ̀ːj nék.tʰăj/) is a Tie–Dye language with over 50 million speakers. It is the official language of Neck Thailand (Nékthijmien)

Todo

  • Phlét Kwaai = Capital of Neck Thailand

Diachronics

Proto-Tie to Proto-Neckic

Proto-Neckic to Old Neck Thai

Old Neck Thai to Modern Neck Thai

Phonology

Consonants

Initials

Neck Thai initials
Labial Alveolar Coart. Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive plain p /p/ t /t/ tj /tɕ/ k /k/ /ʔ/
aspirated ph /pʰ/ th /tʰ/ tjh /tɕʰ/ kh /kʰ/
implosive b /ɓ~b/ d /ɗ~d/
Fricative v /f/ z /s/ sch /ɧ/ g /x/ h /h/
Approximant w /ʋ/ l /l/ j /j/
Liquid r /r/

Allowed initial clusters: pl, phl, pr, phr, vl, vr, tr, thr, schr, kl, khl, gl, kr, khr, gr, kw, khw

Some dialects pronounce /r/ as a uvular trill [ʀ] - in these dialects, /pʀ pʰʀ/, /tʀ tʰʀ/ and /kʀ kʰʀ/ are merged, and /ǃʀ/ is often pronounced as [ǃ].

Finals

Neck Thai finals
Labial Alveolar Dorsal Laryngeal
Nasal m [m] n [n] ng [ŋ]
Plosive p [p̚] t [t̚] k [k̚] ' [ʔ]
App. (uw [w]) l [l] (i [j])

Vowels

Monophthongs

Neck Thai monophthongs
Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ie /iː/ u /ʉ/ uu /ʉː/ œ /u/ oe /uː/
Close-mid e /e/ ee /eː/ eo /ə/ eu /ɵː/ o /o/ oo /oː/
Open-mid æ /ɛ/ ae /ɛː/ ọ /ɔ/ oa /ɔː/
Open a /ɐ/ aa /aː/

Diphthongs

Long Short
Neck Thai IPA Neck Thai IPA
aai /aːj/ ij /aj/
aauw /aːw/ ou /aw/
ia /iːɐ/ ia' /iɐʔ/
ieuw /iːw/ – –
oea /uːɐ/ oea' /uɐʔ/
oei /uːj/ œi /uj/
eeuw /eːw/ euw /ew/
aeuw /ɛːw/ – –
ua /ʉːɐ/ ua' /ʉɐʔ/
eui /ɵːj/ ui /ɵj/
oai /ɔːj/ – –
ooi /oːj/ oi /oj/

Triphthongs

Neck Thai IPA
iauw /iɐw/
oeai /uɐj/
uai /ʉɐj/

Tones

Standard Neck Thai uses 5 tones.

  • Mid: raa /rāː/ [raː˧] 'easy'
  • Low: ràa /ràː/ [raː˨˩] 'loud'
  • Falling: râa /râː/ [raː˥˩˩] 'fruit'
  • High: ráa /ráː/ [raː˥] 'white'
  • Rising: raaʔ /rǎː/ [raː˨˩˦] 'vase'

Orthography

Neck Thai is written in a version of the Tergetian abugida.

  • ∑ ε - tràap (Wiebian Trab)
  • Ь ь - khan (Wiebian Galst)
  • Ǝ 3 - kon (Wiebian Koll)
  • Φ ϕ - wia (Wiebian Wirr)
  • Ṭ ! - nâak (Wiebian Narch)
  • Ξ ξ - lék (Wiebian Lecken)
  • Κ κ - krìet (Wiebian Kried)
  • Z z - vèkhîet (Wiebian Pfegied)
  • F f - ang (Wiebian Ang)
  • ∇ ʋ̌ - ǃxìjp (Wiebian Ŧeib)
  • Λ λ - jam (Wiebian Jamm)
  • ∫ s - vìt (Wiebian Fitt)
  • Þ þ - mâek (Wiebian Μersch)
  • Ψ ψ - thák (Wiebian Dachel)
  • Θ θ - ǃxhrôek (Wiebian Đruch)
  • X x - ríp (Wiebian Rift)
  • ℘ ρ - gát (Primitive Tergetian ġattis)
  • V v - schànàat (Wiebian Schnad)
  • W w - thíschà schànàat (Wiebian discher Schnad) (for high-class /s/ in native words)
  • Q q - hamʔ (Wiebian Hammel)
  • Г г - phrôek (Wiebian Brug)
  • 8 γ - sèkham (Wiebian Zegahm) (for mid-class /s/ deriving from Wiebian z)

Vowel symbols

  • ^t = /ɐ/
  • _t = /aː/
  • ^n, ^{2t} = /e/
  • _n, _{2t} = /eː/
  • ^m = /ɛ/
  • _m, ^n∞, _n∞ = /ɛː/
  • ^2 = /i/
  • _2 = /i/
  • _2∞ = /iːɐ/
  • ^r = /o/
  • _r = /oː/
  • ^N = /ɔ/
  • _N, ^r∞, _r∞ = /ɔː/
  • _i = /uː/
  • _i∞ = /uːɐ/
  • ^{2r} = /ɤ/
  • _{2r}, ^{2r}∞, _{2r}∞ = /ɤː/
  • ^{2i} = /ɯ/
  • _{2i} = /ɯː/
  • _{2i}∞ = /ɯːɐ/

Grammar

Pronouns

  • I: khôet
  • thou: òeng
  • we: ngàe

Loanwords

Many Neck Thai words are Wiebian loanwords which come from all stages of Wiebian, Ancient Wiebian to modern lects. Tergetian and Whetmer are also significant sources of loanwords.

Loanwords from Ancient Wiebian:

  • hét 'queen, lady' (< Ancient Wiebian Heste /ˈhɛstə/ 'wife')

Numbers

uum - 0

tjhanʔ - 1

ijʔ - 2

vòet - 3

gâai - 4

zèng - 5

!xìet - 6

vae - 7

nôea - 8

ngîat - 9

ràat - 10

jæ̂ng - 100

Derivational morphology

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Neck_Thai&oldid=90287"