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[[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]
[[{{PAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]


'''Standard Chinese''' (中出語 ''Türiŋit ŋää'' /ˈtyriŋit ŋæː/) has taken a dramatically different course in the alternate history of [[Lõis]] (地, L-Standard Chinese for 'Earth'). It is the co-creation of [[User:IlL]] and [[User:Praimhín]], inspired by Estonian and Turkish.
'''Tyrith''' (''Tyrith jæ̂'' /ˈtyriθ ˈjæː/, from older *Türiŋit) is a divergent descendent of Old Chinese with vowel harmony. It also has loans from [[Siészal]]. Türiit is a co-creation of [[User:IlL]] and [[User:Praimhín]], inspired by [[Medh Chêl]].
 
TODO: Revamp to ATR/RTR harmony
 
*''remi'' = 'name'
**''remizech'' = 'literal'
*''Beri næ̂b!'' = 'hello'
*''pæriŋ'' = 'pair'
**''pæriŋlæch'' = duality
*''-zech'' = adjectivizer (from 性)
*''nœ̂'' = wisecracker
 
Zhengzhang Shangfang = ''Derîzcædhri Dæ̂zfæ̂''
==Notes==
*A = ''a/ä''
*O = ''e/ö/ë/o''
*U = ''i/ü/ï/u''


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
p, b, f, m̥, m
 
t, d, θ, n̥, n, ɬ, l, rh, r
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=text-align:center
ts, dz, s
|-
k, g, x, ŋ̊, ng
! colspan=2 rowspan=2|
q, ɢ, h, ʔ
! rowspan=2| Labial
! rowspan=2| Dental
! colspan=2| Alveolar
! rowspan=2| Palatal
! rowspan=2| Velar
! rowspan=2| Uvular
! rowspan=2| Glottal
|-
!<small>central</small>
!<small>lateral</small>
|-
! rowspan=2| Nasal
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''mh''' /m̥/
|
| '''nh''' /n̥/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''m''' /m/
|
| '''n''' /n/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan=2| Plosive
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''p''' /p/
|
| '''t''' /t/
|
|
| '''k''' /k/
| '''q''' /q/
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
|
| '''d''' /d/
|
| 
| '''g''' /ɡ/
| '''ġ''' /ɢ/
|
|-
! rowspan=2| Affricate
! <small>voiceless</small>
|
|
| '''ts''' /ts/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
|
|
| '''dz''' /dz~z/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=2| Fricative
| '''f''' /f~v/
| '''th''' /θ~ð/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''lh''' /ɬ/
|
| '''kh''' /x~ɣ/
|
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! rowspan=2| Trill
! <small>voiceless</small>
|
|
| '''rh''' /r̥/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
|
|
| '''r''' /r/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=2| Approximant
|
|
|
| '''l''' /l/
|
| '''-i''' /j/
| '''-u''' /w/
|
|}
 
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
vowels: a e i o u ɤ ɯ æ ø y + glides: -j -w
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
|-
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
! colspan="4" colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Back
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''ii''' /iː/
| '''ü''' /y/
| '''üü''' /yː/
| '''ï''' /ɯ/
| '''ïï''' /ɯː/
| '''u''' /u/
| '''uu''' /uː/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''e''' /e/
| '''ee''' /eː/
| '''ö''' /ø/
| '''öö''' /øː/
| '''ë''' /ɤ/
| '''ëë''' /ɤː/
| '''o''' /o/
| '''oo''' /oː/
|-
! style="" |Open
| '''ä''' /æ/
| '''ää''' /æː/
|
|
| '''a''' /ɑ/
| '''aa''' /ɑː/
|
|
|}
 
glides: '''-i''' '''-u''' /-j -w/
 
===Stress===
===Stress===
Stress is always on the first syllable.
Stress is always on the first syllable.
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
The plural suffix is ''-El'': ''rää'' 'fish', ''rääl'' 'fish, fishes'.
*Nominative/Accusative: -0 (''rää'' 'a fish', ''rääl'' 'fish (plural)')
*Genitive: 之 -(E)d (''rääd'' 'of a fish', ''rääled'' 'of fish')
*Ablative: 出 -(U)t (''räät'' 'from a fish', ''räälit'' 'from fish')
*Dative: 給 -(E)b (''rääb'' 'for a fish', ''rääleb'' 'for fish')
*Instrumental
*Locative
*Lative
===Pronouns===
*"I": nom. ''ja'' /ˈjɑ/; acc. ''jai''; other cases take the stem ''jai-''
*"you": ''nää'' /ˈnæː/
*"he/she": ''ge'' /ˈge/
*"we": ''jaimë'' /ˈjɑimɤ/
*"you guys": ''nääme'' /ˈnæːme/
*"they" (animate): ''geme'' /ˈgeme/
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
*'to eat', present tense: ''melgiæ, melgin, melgi, melgiæm, melginem, melgel''
*'to eat', present progressive: ''melgivæ, melgivin, melgiv, melgivæm, melgivinem, melgivel''
*'to drink': ''hyrimæ, hyrimin, hyrim, hyrimæn, hyriminem, hyrimel''
*''Hydhr hyrimivæ'' = I am drinking water
Subject pronouns are required in the third person: ''Ge hydhr hyrim'' = He drinks water
===Adjectives===
Adjectives only inflect for degree.
*'good, better, best': ''hû, hûvadh, so-hûvadh''
*Beri tærrith hûvadh = Peace is better than war
===Numerals===
1: idh
2: nîz
3: sŷr
4: siliz
5: paŋ
6: cydh
7: sidh
8: prõdh
9: cŷ
10: têb
100: pâr
1000: sõ̂n
10000: ræmêz
==Syntax==
==Syntax==


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Sinitic languages]]
[[Category:Sinitic languages]]
[[Category:Sino-Tibetan languages]]
[[Category:Sino-Tibetan languages]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Lõis]]

Latest revision as of 08:44, 25 March 2021

Tyrith/Lexicon

Tyrith (Tyrith jæ̂ /ˈtyriθ ˈjæː/, from older *Türiŋit) is a divergent descendent of Old Chinese with vowel harmony. It also has loans from Siészal. Türiit is a co-creation of User:IlL and User:Praimhín, inspired by Medh Chêl.

TODO: Revamp to ATR/RTR harmony

  • remi = 'name'
    • remizech = 'literal'
  • Beri næ̂b! = 'hello'
  • pæriŋ = 'pair'
    • pæriŋlæch = duality
  • -zech = adjectivizer (from 性)
  • nœ̂ = wisecracker

Zhengzhang Shangfang = Derîzcædhri Dæ̂zfæ̂

Notes

  • A = a/ä
  • O = e/ö/ë/o
  • U = i/ü/ï/u

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
central lateral
Nasal voiceless mh /m̥/ nh /n̥/
voiced m /m/ n /n/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ k /k/ q /q/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /ɡ/ ġ /ɢ/
Affricate voiceless ts /ts/
voiced dz /dz~z/
Fricative f /f~v/ th /θ~ð/ s /s/ lh /ɬ/ kh /x~ɣ/ h /h/
Trill voiceless rh /r̥/
voiced r /r/
Approximant l /l/ -i /j/ -u /w/

Vowels

Tyrith vowels
Front Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
short long short long short long short long
Close i /i/ ii /iː/ ü /y/ üü /yː/ ï /ɯ/ ïï /ɯː/ u /u/ uu /uː/
Mid e /e/ ee /eː/ ö /ø/ öö /øː/ ë /ɤ/ ëë /ɤː/ o /o/ oo /oː/
Open ä /æ/ ää /æː/ a /ɑ/ aa /ɑː/

glides: -i -u /-j -w/

Stress

Stress is always on the first syllable.

Morphology

Nouns

The plural suffix is -El: rää 'fish', rääl 'fish, fishes'.

  • Nominative/Accusative: -0 (rää 'a fish', rääl 'fish (plural)')
  • Genitive: 之 -(E)d (rääd 'of a fish', rääled 'of fish')
  • Ablative: 出 -(U)t (räät 'from a fish', räälit 'from fish')
  • Dative: 給 -(E)b (rääb 'for a fish', rääleb 'for fish')
  • Instrumental
  • Locative
  • Lative

Pronouns

  • "I": nom. ja /ˈjɑ/; acc. jai; other cases take the stem jai-
  • "you": nää /ˈnæː/
  • "he/she": ge /ˈge/
  • "we": jaimë /ˈjɑimɤ/
  • "you guys": nääme /ˈnæːme/
  • "they" (animate): geme /ˈgeme/

Verbs

  • 'to eat', present tense: melgiæ, melgin, melgi, melgiæm, melginem, melgel
  • 'to eat', present progressive: melgivæ, melgivin, melgiv, melgivæm, melgivinem, melgivel
  • 'to drink': hyrimæ, hyrimin, hyrim, hyrimæn, hyriminem, hyrimel
  • Hydhr hyrimivæ = I am drinking water

Subject pronouns are required in the third person: Ge hydhr hyrim = He drinks water

Adjectives

Adjectives only inflect for degree.

  • 'good, better, best': hû, hûvadh, so-hûvadh
  • Beri tærrith hûvadh = Peace is better than war

Numerals

1: idh 2: nîz 3: sŷr 4: siliz 5: paŋ 6: cydh 7: sidh 8: prõdh 9: cŷ 10: têb 100: pâr 1000: sõ̂n 10000: ræmêz

Syntax

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