Oseliska: Difference between revisions

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'''L-Norwegian''' is a Finnic language spoken in [[User:IlL/Lõis]]'s Norway.


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==Introduction==
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<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
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==Phonology==
All letters are pronounced as in Finnish except '''d''' which is pronounced /ð/, '''ë''' pronounced /ə/, '''ü''' pronounced /y/ and '''ie, uo, üö''' pronounced /iə, uə, yə/.
Stress is always on the first syllable.
===Vowel harmony===
'''a, o, u''' are back; '''ä, ö, ü, e''' are front; '''ë, i''' are neutral.
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
L-Norwegian has 14 cases. Nouns have five stems, the nominative, genitive, partitive, dative and partitive plural.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Nominative || [NOM] || [GEN]-t
|-
| Genitive || [GEN]-n || [PARTPL]-tën
|-
| Partitive || [PART] || [PARTPL]-ta/tä
|-
| Illative || [GEN]-ssën, [DAT]-n || [PARTPL]-ihën
|-
| Inessive || [GEN]-ssa/-ssä || [PARTPL]-issa/issä
|-
| Elative || [GEN]-sta/-stä || [PARTPL]-ista/istä
|-
| Allative || [GEN]-llë || [PARTPL]-illë
|-
| Adessive || [GEN]-lla/-llä || [PARTPL]-illa/illä
|-
| Ablative || [GEN]-lta/-ltä || [PARTPL]-ilta/iltä
|-
| Translative || [GEN]-ksi || [PARTPL]-iksi
|-
| Essive || [GEN]-na/-nä || [PARTPL]-ina/-inä
|-
| Abessive || [GEN]-hta/-htä || [PARTPL]-ihta/-ihtä
|-
| Comitative || [GEN]-në || [PARTPL]-inë
|-
| Instructive || [GEN]-n || [PARTPL]-in
|}
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! käsi 'hand, arm' !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| Nominative || käsi || kädët
|-
| Genitive || kädën || kästën
|-
| Partitive || kättä || kästä
|-
| Illative || kädëssën, kätën || käsihën
|-
| Inessive || kädëssä || käsissä
|-
| Elative || kädëstä || käsistä
|-
| Allative || kädëllë || käsillë
|-
| Adessive || kädëllä || käsillä
|-
| Ablative || kädëltä || käsiltä
|-
| Translative || kädëksi || käsiksi
|-
| Essive || kädënä || käsinä
|-
| Abessive || kädëhtä || käsihtä
|-
| Comitative || kädënë || käsinë
|-
| Instructive || kädën || käsin
|}
===Verbs===
Verbs have four stems: the root, present stem, past stem, and the supine stem.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2| Present
!colspan=2| Past
!colspan=2| Present Conditional
|-
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1|| [PRES]-n || [PRES]-hmë || [PAST]-n || [PAST]-më || [PRES]-ksin || [PRES]-ksimë
|-
| 2|| [PRES]-t|| [PRES]-htë || [PAST]-t|| [PAST]-të || [PRES]-ksit|| [PRES]-ksitë
|-
| 3|| [PRES]-p|| [PRES]-vat/vät || [PAST]|| [PAST]-t || [PRES]-ksi || [PRES]-ksit
|}
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=7|''laulla'' 'to sing'
|-
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2| Present
!colspan=2| Past
!colspan=2| Present Conditional
|-
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1|| laulan || laulahmë || laulin || laulimë || laulaksin || laulaksimë
|-
| 2|| laulat|| laulahtë || laulit|| laulitë || laulaksit|| laulaksitë
|-
| 3|| laulap|| laulavat || lauli|| laulit || laulaksi || laulaksit
|}
====Non-finite forms====
* Present active participle: [PRES]-va/-vä
* Past active participle: [ROOT]-nut/-nüt
* Past passive participle: [ROOT]-tu/-tü
* Supine: [SUP]-ma/mä
* Action noun: [SUP]-minën (gen. stem -misë-, part. -mista/-mistä, part. plur. stem -mis-)
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
==Numbers==
üksi, kaksi, kolme, neljä, viisi, kuusi, säitsen, kahteksa, ühteksa, kümmen, ühtitëis, kaksitëis, ..., kaksikümmentä, ..., sata, ..., tuhat
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Template area -->


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
[[Category:Stem-Germanic]]

Latest revision as of 22:51, 7 January 2020

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