Dazurian Creole: Difference between revisions
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{{infobox language | {{infobox language | ||
| name = Dazurian Creole | | name = Dazurian Creole | ||
| nativename = kréyôl | | nativename = kréyôl dazuryën / kreyoal dazueryen | ||
| pronunciation = krejɔl dazyrjə̃ | | pronunciation = krejɔl dazyrjə̃ | ||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
| ethnicity = Dazurians | | ethnicity = Dazurians | ||
| script1 = Latn | | script1 = Latn | ||
| setting = ''Adventures in the Poccasins'' | |||
| speakers = ~50 | | speakers = ~50 | ||
| date = 2026 | | date = 2026 | ||
| speakers2 = '''L2 speakers:''' 210 | | speakers2 = '''L2 speakers:''' 210 | ||
| minority = [[File:Poccasin.svg|24px]] [[Poccasin Federation]]<br>(as cultural heritage language) | | minority = [[File:Poccasin.svg|24px]] [[Poccasin Federation]]</br>(as cultural heritage language) | ||
| dia1 = | | dia1 = Tulanip | ||
| dia2 = | | dia2 = Shan-Mari | ||
| dia3 = | | dia3 = Poardazuer | ||
| notice = ipa | | notice = ipa | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Dazurian Creole''' (''kréyôl | '''Dazurian Creole''' (''kréyôl dazuryën'' or ''kreyoal dazueryen'', [[Help:IPA|[krejɔl dazyrjə̃]]]; [[w:French language|French]]: ''créole de Saint-Cyran-d'Azur'' [[w:Help:IPA/French|[kʁeɔl də sɛ̃ siʁɑ̃ d ͜ azyʁ]]]), also called '''Dazurien Creole''', '''Dazur Creole''' or '''Saint-Cyran-d'Azur Creole''', is an endangered [[w:French-based creole language|French-based creole language]] spoken on the island of [[Saint-Cyran-d'Azur]] in the [[Poccasin Federation]]. It is spoken by only around 50 native speakers, though there have been efforts to revive the language, with a sizeable population of 210 L2 speakers as of 2026. | ||
Dazurian Creole emerged from the French colonisation of the island of Saint-Cyran-d'Azur, known to the native [[Kabao]] people of the area as ''Twlanipw'' (eventually lending its name to the town of Toulanipe), in 1745. The island was seized by Britain in 1810 during the Revolutionary Wars, but was returned to France in the Treaty of Paris of 1814. However, financially destitute, France would eventually sell the island back to the British in 1820; the island would remain part of British territory until the independence of the Poccasin Federation in 1961, where it would remain in the new Federation. However, in this period, the growth of the English-based creole language [[Bemé]] both during and after British rule would gradually displace Dazurian Creole as the most widely spoken language on the island; the creole language was designated as endangered in 1988, though linguists estimate that its serious decline probably began at the beginning of the 20th century. | Dazurian Creole emerged from the French colonisation of the island of Saint-Cyran-d'Azur, known to the native [[Kabao]] people of the area as ''Twlanipw'' (eventually lending its name to the town of Toulanipe), in 1745. The island was seized by Britain in 1810 during the Revolutionary Wars, but was returned to France in the Treaty of Paris of 1814. However, financially destitute, France would eventually sell the island back to the British in 1820; the island would remain part of British territory until the independence of the Poccasin Federation in 1961, where it would remain in the new Federation. However, in this period, the growth of the English-based creole language [[Bemé]] both during and after British rule would gradually displace Dazurian Creole as the most widely spoken language on the island; the creole language was designated as endangered in 1988, though linguists estimate that its serious decline probably began at the beginning of the 20th century. | ||
Today, Dazurian Creole is designated as a cultural heritage language by the Poccasin Federation, and is still used in cultural events such as in ''bolôpé'', a coming-of-age ceremony at age 20, as well as in the Papkouron religion, that worships a mythological French "father" (''granpapa'' or '' | Today, Dazurian Creole is designated as a cultural heritage language by the Poccasin Federation, and is still used in cultural events such as in ''bolôpé'', a coming-of-age ceremony at age 20, as well as in the Papkouron religion, that worships a mythological French "father" (''granpapa'' or ''granpap’''); adherents use Dazurian Creole as a liturgical language to this day. However, most inhabitants of Saint-Cyran-d'Azur only speak Bemé or [[Poccasin English]] today. | ||
==Orthography== | |||
The '''Hachette orthography''' or '''Papkouron orthography''', mostly used by Papkouron practitioners and arguably the most popular orthography for Dazurian Creole, was devised by French linguist Eugène Hachette during the French colonial period. It is primarily based on [[w:French orthography|French orthography]], and includes all French diacritics, including acute accents (⟨é⟩), grave accents (⟨ò⟩), circumflexes (⟨êô⟩) and umlauts (⟨ë⟩). Articles are separated from their nouns by dashes ⟨-⟩. It also inconsistently includes the cedilla c ⟨ç⟩ in words that are written with ⟨c⟩ or ⟨ç⟩ but pronounced /s/ in French, i.e. /pisin/ "pool" (from {{l|fr|piscine}}) may be written as ''pisin'', ''piçin'' or ''picin''. Although it has been criticised by various linguist groups due to its inconsistencies, it is often seen as a point of national or cultural pride by Papkouron practitioners and thus still sees widespread use. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
| Line 46: | Line 49: | ||
| '''ou''' /w/ || || '''l''' /l/ || || || '''y''' /j/ | | '''ou''' /w/ || || '''l''' /l/ || || || '''y''' /j/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
⟨ç⟩ appears inconsistently in place of the phoneme /s/ when the French root would have a ⟨c⟩; e.g. ''dançé'' [dɑ̃se] from French {{l|fr|dancer}}. /r/ may also be realised as a tap [ɾ] in fast speech. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
| Line 60: | Line 65: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| colspan=2 | '''a''' /a/ | | colspan=2 | '''a''' /a/ || '''ò''' /ɒ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
The rounded open back vowel /ɒ/ is usually derived from the French cluster /wa~wɑ/, as in ''t'''ò''''' [tɒ] "three" from French {{l|fr|trois}} [tʁwa~tʁwɑ], and ''ét'''ò''''' "narrow" from French {{l|fr|étroit}} [etʁwa~etʁwɑ]. /ɒ/ also appears occasionally in Bemé loanwords, such as ''p'''ò'''ten'' "marijuana" from Bemé {{l|beme|powteng}}. | |||
====Nasal vowels==== | ====Nasal vowels==== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
| Line 70: | Line 76: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid | ! Mid | ||
| ''' | | '''en''' /ɛ̃/ || '''ën''' /ə̃/ || '''on''' /õ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| Line 84: | Line 90: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! First person | ! First person | ||
| '' | | ''mò'' || ''ma'' || ''nou'' || ''nôt'', ''nô'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Second person | ! Second person | ||
| Line 93: | Line 99: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Most native Dazurian Creole speakers show possession with noun-noun possessum-possessor constructions, so "my grandfather's house" would be ''lamêz ma granpapa'', with a particle such as ''a'' or ''dé'' between ''lamêz'' and ''ma granpapa'' for optional emphasis. Papkouron ''chanté-yé'' always use ''dé'' constructions, as in "''Fis-yé '''dé''' nô Granpapa, dançé dançé ek plêzi''" [[Help:IPA|[fis je de nɔ grɑ̃.pa.pa | dɑ̃.se dɑ̃.se ək plɛ.zi]]] "The children of our ''Granpapa'', dance and dance happily". | Most native Dazurian Creole speakers show possession with noun-noun possessum-possessor constructions, so "my grandfather's house" would be ''lamêz ma granpapa'', with a particle such as ''a'' or ''dé'' between ''lamêz'' and ''ma granpapa'' for optional emphasis. Papkouron ''chanté-yé'' always use ''dé'' constructions, as in "''Fis-yé '''dé''' nô Granpapa, dançé dançé ek plêzi''" [[Help:IPA|[fis je de nɔ grɑ̃.pa.pa | dɑ̃.se dɑ̃.se ək plɛ.zi]]] "The children of our ''Granpapa'', dance and dance happily". | ||
===Articles=== | ===Articles=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
| Line 108: | Line 115: | ||
{{Swadesh | {{Swadesh | ||
|nativename=kréyôl | |nativename=kréyôl | ||
|I= | |I=mò | ||
|you (singular)=ti | |you (singular)=ti | ||
|he=li | |he=li | ||
| Line 119: | Line 126: | ||
|there=si an la | |there=si an la | ||
|who=ki | |who=ki | ||
|what= | |what=kò | ||
|where=ouyé | |where=ouyé | ||
|when=kan | |when=kan | ||
| Line 131: | Line 138: | ||
|one=en | |one=en | ||
|two=dé | |two=dé | ||
|three= | |three=tò | ||
|four=kat | |four=kat | ||
|five= | |five=senk | ||
|big=gran | |big=gran | ||
|long=lon | |long=lon | ||
| Line 141: | Line 148: | ||
|small=piti | |small=piti | ||
|short=kou | |short=kou | ||
|narrow= | |narrow=étò | ||
|thin= | |thin=mens | ||
|woman= | |woman=fiyé | ||
|man (adult male)=om | |man (adult male)=om | ||
|man (human being)=om | |man (human being)=om | ||
| Line 154: | Line 161: | ||
|fish=pwasoun | |fish=pwasoun | ||
|bird=ouazou | |bird=ouazou | ||
|dog= | |dog=chyen | ||
|louse=pou | |louse=pou | ||
|snake=sêpan | |snake=sêpan | ||
| Line 162: | Line 169: | ||
|stick=batoun | |stick=batoun | ||
|fruit=fouy | |fruit=fouy | ||
|seed= | |seed=gren | ||
|leaf=fêy | |leaf=fêy | ||
|root=rasin | |root=rasin | ||
|bark= | |bark=ékòr | ||
|flower=flê | |flower=flê | ||
|grass=lêb | |grass=lêb | ||
| Line 196: | Line 203: | ||
|neck=lekou | |neck=lekou | ||
|back=ledo | |back=ledo | ||
|breast= | |breast=pòtrin | ||
|heart=leker | |heart=leker | ||
|liver= | |liver=fò | ||
|drink= | |drink=bòré | ||
|eat=manjé | |eat=manjé | ||
|bite= | |bite=mòrdé | ||
|suck=suçé | |suck=suçé | ||
|spit=kraché | |spit=kraché | ||
| Line 208: | Line 215: | ||
|breathe=souflé | |breathe=souflé | ||
|laugh=riré | |laugh=riré | ||
|see= | |see=vòré | ||
|hear=antandé | |hear=antandé | ||
|know=sabôé | |know=sabôé | ||
| Line 223: | Line 230: | ||
|cut=koupé | |cut=koupé | ||
|split=paré | |split=paré | ||
|stab= | |stab=pògnardé | ||
|scratch=graté | |scratch=graté | ||
|dig= | |dig=krezé | ||
|swim=najé | |swim=najé | ||
|fly= | |fly=bolé | ||
|walk=maché | |walk=maché | ||
|come= | |come=yënsié | ||
|lie=mantiyé | |lie=mantiyé | ||
|sit=asiyé | |sit=asiyé | ||
| Line 283: | Line 290: | ||
|yellow=jôn | |yellow=jôn | ||
|white=blan | |white=blan | ||
|black= | |black=nòr | ||
|night=lagni | |night=lagni | ||
|day=jou | |day=jou | ||
|year=lané | |year=lané | ||
|warm=cho | |warm=cho | ||
|cold= | |cold=fò | ||
|full= | |full=plen | ||
|new=noubo | |new=noubo | ||
|old= | |old=byé | ||
|good=bon | |good=bon | ||
|bad=pa bon | |bad=pa bon | ||
|rotten=pouri | |rotten=pouri | ||
|dirty=sal | |dirty=sal | ||
|straight= | |straight=toudò | ||
|round=baloun | |round=baloun | ||
|sharp=piké | |sharp=piké | ||
| Line 305: | Line 312: | ||
|correct=zakman | |correct=zakman | ||
|near=proch | |near=proch | ||
|far= | |far=louen | ||
|right= | |right=dròt | ||
|left=gôch | |left=gôch | ||
|at=ché | |at=ché | ||
|in=dan | |in=dan | ||
|with= | |with=ek | ||
|and= | |and=ek | ||
|if= | |if=ek si | ||
|because=kar | |because=kar | ||
|name=non | |name=non | ||
}} | }} | ||
===Use in Papkouron=== | ===Use in Papkouron=== | ||
Although Dazurian Creole is losing out in favour of [[Bemé]] in everyday use, the language is still regularly used in the context of the religion (sometimes considered a [[w:Cargo cult|cargo cult]]) '''Papkouron'''. In the religion, adherents believe in a Christ-like saviour called the Granpap Kouron (Dazurian Creole: ''Granpap' Kourôn'' [[Help:IPA|[grɑ̃pap kurɔn]]], <small>lit.</small> "Grandfather [[w:Kingdom of France|Crown]]"), reflecting the now-absent French colonial administration that ruled the island prior to 1820. The religion probably stemmed from collective trauma under British colonial rule, which then conversely lended the French colonial period a nostalgic air; with no Dazurians who lived through the French colonial period left to say otherwise, this colonial nostalgic fever came to a head and formed the Papkouron religion that worshipped what anthropologists seem to believe was a headless Jesus statue, left behind in the remnants of a French Catholic church. | Although Dazurian Creole is losing out in favour of [[Bemé]] in everyday use, the language is still regularly used in the context of the religion (sometimes considered a [[w:Cargo cult|cargo cult]]) '''Papkouron'''. In the religion, adherents believe in a Christ-like saviour called the Granpap Kouron (Dazurian Creole: ''Granpap' Kourôn'' [[Help:IPA|[grɑ̃pap kurɔn]]], <small>lit.</small> "Grandfather [[w:Kingdom of France|Crown]]"), reflecting the now-absent French colonial administration that ruled the island prior to 1820. The religion probably stemmed from collective trauma under British colonial rule, which then conversely lended the French colonial period a nostalgic air; with no Dazurians who lived through the French colonial period left to say otherwise, this colonial nostalgic fever came to a head and formed the Papkouron religion that worshipped what anthropologists seem to believe was a headless Jesus statue, left behind in the remnants of a French Catholic church. | ||
| Line 341: | Line 349: | ||
| ''chanté'' "song" || {{l|fr|chanter}} "to sing" || a religious chant, or mantra; the most basic and common is<br>''Pa-kou-ra'' or ''Pô-kou-rô'', which functions as the equivalent of "Amen". | | ''chanté'' "song" || {{l|fr|chanter}} "to sing" || a religious chant, or mantra; the most basic and common is<br>''Pa-kou-ra'' or ''Pô-kou-rô'', which functions as the equivalent of "Amen". | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''Sensiran'' "Saint-Cyran-d'Azur" || ''Saint-Cyran-d'Azur'' || name for the guardian deity of the island of Saint-Cyran-d'Azur. Also considered a more "proper" name for the island<br>than the more common ''Dazur'' seen in more colloquial Dazurian Creole and Bemé. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''bolôpé'' || - || a coming-of-age ceremony at age 20 originating in Kabao culture. Can also still be seen on the island of Kabao itself,<br>though it is called {{l|beme|bulopeh}} in Bemé and ''bwlope'' in [[Kabao]]. Most ''bolôpé'' on Saint-Cyran-d'Azur are performed by Papkouron officials. | | ''bolôpé'' || - || a coming-of-age ceremony at age 20 originating in Kabao culture. Can also still be seen on the island of Kabao itself,<br>though it is called {{l|beme|bulopeh}} in Bemé and ''bwlope'' in [[Kabao]]. Most ''bolôpé'' on Saint-Cyran-d'Azur are performed by Papkouron officials. | ||
| Line 350: | Line 358: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''sêmtyêr'' / ''andoua môr'' || {{l|fr|cemetière}} / {{com|fr|nocat=1|endroit|mort}} || a cemetary run by a Papkouron ''igliz''. Due to pre-existing taboos in Dazurian culture to explicitly mention anything related to the dead, these places are often referred to as ''andoua môr'' (lit. place of the dead) | | ''sêmtyêr'' / ''andoua môr'' || {{l|fr|cemetière}} / {{com|fr|nocat=1|endroit|mort}} || a cemetary run by a Papkouron ''igliz''. Due to pre-existing taboos in Dazurian culture to explicitly mention anything related to the dead, these places are often referred to as ''andoua môr'' (lit. place of the dead) | ||
|- | |||
| ''lalò'' || {{l|fr|loi|la loi|t=the law}} || a moral precept, of which there are typically five in most denominations of Papkouron; these are referred to as the ''senk lalò''. | |||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Dazurian Creole]] [[Category:Creole languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Dazurian Creole]] [[Category:Creole languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||