Pre-Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions
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The strong/weak distinction for nouns is largely unused in Húsnorsk linguistics. | The strong/weak distinction for nouns is largely unused in Húsnorsk linguistics. | ||
Near the end of the Pre-Húsnorsk, the vocative begins appearing, this is one of the first major cracks in the phonemic spelling system to show up (the retention of root spellings in verbs is considered inconsequential) | |||
====Common patterns==== | ====Common patterns==== | ||
{{ | {{Pre-Húsnorsk nouns m-a|abl}} | ||
{{ | {{Pre-Húsnorsk nouns m-a|ulf}} | ||
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Húsnorsk has begun using {{term|-at}} far more often, generalizing it into the negative affix for all verbs | Húsnorsk has begun using {{term|-at}} far more often, generalizing it into the negative affix for all verbs, though typically appearing as ''-t''. | ||
The plural imperative is usually ''-ið'', but it's occasionally seen as ''-að'', the origin of this new suffix is unknown, but likely comes from differentiating it from the subjunctive. | The plural imperative is usually ''-ið'', but it's occasionally seen as ''-að'', the origin of this new suffix is unknown, but likely comes from differentiating it from the subjunctive. | ||
====Strong verbs==== | ====Strong verbs==== | ||
Strong verbs are characterized by ablaut in the past tense forms, rather than the dental suffix of the weak verbs. The different classes exist as each has a different characteristic ablaut pattern. | Strong verbs are characterized by ablaut in the past tense forms, rather than the dental suffix of the weak verbs. The different classes exist as each has a different characteristic ablaut pattern. | ||
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=====Class 1===== | =====Class 1===== | ||
Class 1 is characterized by ''- | Class 1 is characterized by ''-ē-'' in the present and ''-i-'' in the past. | ||
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem= | {{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=grēpa|type=1|grēp|grip}} | ||
=====Class 2===== | =====Class 2===== | ||
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{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=ljōga|type=2|ljōg|lug}} | {{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs s|lem=ljōga|type=2|ljōg|lug}} | ||
=====Class 3===== | =====Class 3===== | ||
Class is split into several sub-classes, as there's multiple patterns contained in it. All patterns have ''-u-'' in the indicative past and ''-y-'' in the subjunctive past. | Class 3 is split into several sub-classes, as there's multiple patterns contained in it. All patterns have ''-u-'' in the indicative past and ''-y-'' in the subjunctive past. | ||
======Class 3-e====== | ======Class 3-e====== | ||
Characterized by ''-e-'' in the present. This ''-e-'' is cognate to Old Norse ''-i-'', the value is likely through a-umlaut, though this is debated. | Characterized by ''-e-'' in the present. This ''-e-'' is cognate to Old Norse ''-i-'', the value is likely through a-umlaut, though this is debated. | ||
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This next verb, ''hafa'', is a plain weak. | This next verb, ''hafa'', is a plain weak. | ||
{{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs w|lem=hafa|haf|hafþ}} | {{Pre-Húsnorsk verbs w|lem=hafa|haf|hafþ}} | ||
In Late Pre-Húsnorsk, the conjugations begin shifting further. The most major shift is the collapse of person in the positive active plural. | |||
{{Late Pre-Húsnorsk verbs w|lem=-a|-|-þ|2t=-t|2s=-z}} | |||
====Suppletive verbs==== | ====Suppletive verbs==== | ||