Elvarri: Difference between revisions

| nativename = elvariu / elvarriu

'''Elvarri''' (''elvariu'' or ''elvarriu'' [[Help:IPA|[elˈvarju]]]), also called '''Levarian''', is a [[w:Classical language|classical language]] of the Luxelvic family. Elvarri was originally spoken by the Elvars, a tribe of Fairelves native to Elvod, a region at the mouth of the Separ river on the island of Haparod. It then became a dominant language of Haparod through the short-lived empire of Nagripon, who also oversaw the invention of Nagri script. After the death of Nagripon, his empire fractured into the Nagripu city-states, which then spread Elvarri as a dominant [[w:Trade language|trade language]] across the Inner Waters as these city-states developed into seafaring trade empires. It was the most spoken language in Hamanna in the Age of Stone, and has a large influence on most modern languages, especially the various elf languages. It also still has considerable use as a [[w:Sacred language|liturgical language]] of the Sun Temple (''Vasnadom'') and the Great Bay Nation (''Duvargamiod'').

! Rhotic

| colspan=2 | || colspan=2 | || colspan=2 | r || ɽ || colspan=2 | || colspan=2 | ||

The retroflex consonants ({{ipa|/ɳ ʂ ɽ ɭ/}}) were originally marked with an [[w:Dot (diacritic)|underdot]] as ⟨ṇ ṣ ṛ ḷ⟩. However, these were rarely used, and by the Age of Stone most inscriptions did not mark the retroflexes at all, save for {{ipa|/ɽ/}}, which was often written ⟨r⟩ while [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|trill]] {{ipa|/r/}} was written ⟨rr⟩.

Various consonants were also prone to mutation after {{ipa|/r/}}, a process called ''hurdaski'' ([[Help:IPA|[xr̩ˈðaski]]] "r-changing") or ''hurhassi'' ([[Help:IPA|[xr̩ˈxaʂi]]] "r-morphing"):

{{ipa|/ɛ ɔ/}} become {{ipa|/e o/}} in unstressed syllables. {{ipa|/u/}} was also often dropped between a velar consonant and any other consonant, rendering the latter consonant syllabic, as in ''k'''u'''ruk'' "tailor" [[Help:IPA|[ˈkr̩uk]]].

Grammatically, Elvarri is a [[w:Synthetic language|synthetic]], mostly [[w:Fusional language|fusional]] [[w:Nominative-accusative language|nominative-accusative]] language. [[w:Noun|Nouns]] (''malor''), [[w:Adjective|adjectives]] (''hemerei'') and [[w:Pronoun|pronouns]] (''yomalor'') are inflected on [[w:Animacy|animacy]], [[w:Grammatical number|number]] and [[w:Grammatical case|case]]. Personal pronouns are also often dropped in spoken or colloquial speech, though only if the subject could be inferred; this is discouraged in standardised literary language. [[w:Verb|Verbs]] are inflected on tense, mood, and (to an extent) [[w:Grammatical person|person]].

| rowspan=2 | — || ''-i'' || ''-os'' || ''-ta'' || ''-si'' || ''-es'' || ''-as'' || ''-to''

| ''-a'' || ''-u'' || ''-i'' || ''-ea'' || ''-si'' || ''-se'' || ''-va''

| ''-ur'' || ''-ir'' || ''-sro'' || ''-tra'' || ''-sia'' || ''-sur'' || ''-sra'' || ''-tor''

| ''-om'' || ''-am'' || ''-nem'' || ''-nis'' || ''-nye'' || ''-ams'' || ''-ems'' || ''-va''

| ''-or'' || ''-er'' || ''-ro'' || ''-tar'' || ''-sa'' || ''-sor'' || ''-srat'' || ''-tor''

| ''dud'' || ''duda'' || ''dudu'' || ''dudi'' || ''dudea'' || ''dudsi'' || ''dudse'' || rowspan=2 | ''dudva''

| ''dudom'' || ''dudam'' || ''dudnem'' || ''dudnis'' || ''dudnye'' || ''dudams'' || ''dudems''

| ''rukumur'' || ''rukumir'' || ''rukumsro'' || ''rukumtra'' || ''rukumsia'' || ''rukumsur'' || ''rukumsra'' || rowspan=2 | ''rukumtor''

| ''rukumor'' || ''rukumer'' || ''rukumro'' || ''rukumtar'' || ''rukumsa'' || ''rukumsor'' || ''rukumsrat''

Unlike regular nouns, personal pronouns are inflected on only five of the eight [[#Case|noun cases]], with the exception of the inanimate third-person pronouns which are inflected on seven.

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=2 | !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Genitive !! Dative !! Locative !! Instrumental !! Perlative

! rowspan=2 | First</br>person

| ''bo'' || ''ba'' || ''bu'' || ''bes'' || ''abo'' || colspan=2 rowspan=4 |

| ''vo'' || ''va'' || ''vu'' || ''ves'' || ''avo''

|-

! rowspan=2 | Second</br>person

| ''ne'' || ''nya'' || ''nu'' || ''nes'' || ''ans''

|-

| ''glei'' || ''gla'' || ''glau'' || ''glaves'' || ''aglei''

| ''i'' || ''un'' || ''hea'' || ''ier'' || ''aier'' || ''eris'' || ''eras''

| ''ovo'' || ''ova'' || ''ou'' || ''oves'' || ''auvo'' || ''averis'' || ''averas''

! rowspan=2 | Animate</br>third</br>person

| ''tad'' || ''tar'' || ''tor'' || ''ter'' || ''ater'' || ''teris'' || ''teras''

|}

Animate third-person pronouns refer to any animate noun, so they can refer to people (as in ''Sumpit '''evo''''' "'''They''' walk"), animals (Genesis 7:2 ''...tades op '''tor''' kavin'' "...the male and '''his''' female") and other animate nouns (''Tepusint dudvarda op hegarsint '''tar''''' "[He] reached the capital city and destroyed '''it'''").

|nativename=elvarriu

|this=

|that=

|here=

|there=

|where=

|not=

|all=

|many=

|few=

|big=

|long=

|wide=

|thick=

|heavy=

|small=

|short=

|narrow=

|thin=

|husband=pardi

|father=panu

|animal=

|fish=

|bird=

|dog=

|louse=

|snake=

|worm=

|stick=

|fruit=

|seed=

|root=

|bark=

|flower=

|grass=

|rope=

|skin=

|meat=

|blood=

|bone=

|fat=

|egg=

|horn=

|tail=

|feather=

|hair=

|head=

|ear=

|eye=

|nose=

|mouth=

|tooth=

|tongue=

|fingernail=

|foot=

|leg=

|knee=

|hand=

|wing=

|belly=

|guts=

|neck=

|back=

|breast=

|heart=

|liver=

|drink=

|eat=

|bite=

|suck=

|see=

|hear=

|hit=

|cut=

|split=

|come=

|give=

|sun=

|moon=

|star=

|water=

|rain=

|river=

|lake=

|sea=

|salt=

|stone=

|sand=

|dust=

|earth=

|fog=

|sky=

|snow=

|mountain=

|red=

|green=

|yellow=

|white=

|black=

|dirty=