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| official = Kingdom of Montecol
| official = Kingdom of Montecol
| minority = Coña-is-Monxes,</br>[[File:Bandera de España.svg|24px]] [[w:Spain|Spain]]
| minority = Coña-is-Monxes,</br>[[File:Bandera de España.svg|24px]] [[w:Spain|Spain]]
| agency = Reyal Acadimia Munticola (RAM)
| script1 = Latn
| stand1 = ''Favla il Ré''
| stand2 = ''Favla davídica''
| agency = Rial Academia Munticola (RAM)
}}
}}
'''Montecolan''' or '''Monticulan''' (''munticolés'' [[Help:IPA|[muntikoˈles]]]; [[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''monticuelano'') is a [[w:Western Romance languages|Western Romance language]] spoken by the Montecols of the Western Pyrenees mountains, spoken in Montecol and the Spanish village of Coña-is-Monxes (Spanish: ''Colina de los Monjes''). It is the sole official language of the Kingdom of Montecol since 1903, made so by the [[w:Nationalism|nationalist]] king David I; before this, it had co-official status with Spanish.
'''Montecolan''' or '''Monticulan''' (''munticolés'' [[Help:IPA|[muntikoˈles]]]; [[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''monticuelano'') is a [[w:Western Romance languages|Western Romance language]] spoken by the Montecols of the Western Pyrenees mountains, spoken in Montecol and the Spanish village of Coña-is-Monxes (Spanish: ''Colina de los Monjes''). It is the sole official language of the Kingdom of Montecol since 1903, made so by the [[w:Nationalism|nationalist]] king David I; before this, it had co-official status with Spanish.


Despite its proximity to other broadly similar Iberian languages such as [[w:Aragonese language|Aragonese]], [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]], and Spanish, Montecolan has garnered interest from linguists due to its particularly distinct grammar, as well as various semantic and phonological innovations remarkably absent from nearby languages. Most linguists estimate that Montecolan diverged from the other Iberian languages around the time of the [[w:Reconquista|Reconquista]]. Its lexical base is composed primarily of inherited terms from [[w:Vulgar Latin|Vulgar Latin]], as well as loanwords from [[w:French language|French]] and Spanish, though Arabic loanwords are less present than in nearby languages. It is regulated by the Royal Montecolan Academy (''Reyal Acadimia Munticola'') situated in Coña Brava, established by David I the same year the language was made the only official language of the country.
Despite its proximity to other broadly similar Iberian languages such as [[w:Aragonese language|Aragonese]], [[w:Catalan language|Catalan]], and Spanish, Montecolan has garnered interest from linguists due to its particularly distinct grammar, as well as various semantic and phonological innovations remarkably absent from nearby languages. Most linguists estimate that Montecolan diverged from the other Iberian languages around the time of the [[w:Reconquista|Reconquista]]. Its lexical base is composed primarily of inherited terms from [[w:Vulgar Latin|Vulgar Latin]], as well as loanwords from [[w:French language|French]] and Spanish, though Arabic loanwords are less present than in nearby languages. It is regulated by the Royal Montecolan Academy (''Rial Academia Munticola'') situated in Coña Brava, established by David I the same year the language was made the only official language of the country.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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|+ Consonant phonemes and graphemes
|+ Consonant phonemes and graphemes
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Labial !! colspan=2 | Alveolar !! Palatal !! colspan=2 | Velar
! colspan=2 | !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Nasal
! colspan=2 | Nasal
| colspan=2 | '''m''' /m/ || colspan=2 | '''n''' /n/ || '''ñ''' /ɲ/ || colspan=2 | (ŋ)
| '''m''' /m/ || '''n''' /n/ || '''ñ''' /ɲ/ || (ŋ)
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Stop
! rowspan=2 | Stop
| '''p''' /p/ || '''b''' /b/ || '''t''' /t/ || '''d''' /d/ || || '''c''', '''qu''' /k/ || '''g''' /g/
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''p''' /p/ || '''t''' /t/ || || '''c''', '''qu''' /k/
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Fricative/</br>Affricate
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''f''' /f/ || '''v''' /v/ || '''s''', '''c''', '''ç''' /s/ || || '''x''' /t͡ʃ~ʃ/ || colspan=2 rowspan=5 |
| '''b''' /b/ || '''d''' /d/ || || '''g''' /g/
|-
! rowspan=2 | Fricative/</br>Affricate
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''f''' /f/ || '''s''', '''c''', '''ç''' /s/ || '''x''' /t͡ʃ~ʃ~t͡s/ ||
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
|  '''v''' /v/ || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Approximant
! rowspan=2 | Approximant
! <small>medial</small>
! <small>medial</small>
| colspan=2 | /w/ || colspan=2 | || '''y''' /j/
| /w/ || || '''y''' /j/ ||
|-
|-
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 | || colspan=2| '''l''' /l/ || '''ll''' /ʎ/
| || '''l''' /l/ || '''ll''' /ʎ/ ||
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Tap
! colspan=2 | Tap
| colspan=2 | '''r''' /ɾ/
| || '''r''' /ɾ/ || ||
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Trill
! colspan=2 | Trill
| colspan=2 | '''r-''', '''rr''' /r/
| || '''r-''', '''rr''' /r/ ||
|}
|}
/n/ always [[w:Palatalisation|palatalises]] to /ɲ/ before /i/, so ''nío'' /ˈni.o/ "boy" is pronounced [[Help:IPA|[ˈɲiw]]].
Similarly to [[w:Spanish language|Spanish]], stops /b, d, g/ undergo [[w:Lenition|lenition]] in most places to fricative or approximant /β, ð, ɣ/. However, unlike Spanish, these consonants are always stops not only after a pause or a nasal but also when stressed. Additionally, similarly to [[w:European Portuguese|Portuguese]], /s/ palatalises to /ʃ/ in the syllable coda, though unlike Portuguese, word-final /s/ is always /s/.


⟨x⟩ alternates [[w:Idiolect|idiolectally]] between /t͡ʃ/ or /ʃ/; more rarely, it may also be /t͡s/. Montecol speakers are especially more likely to pronounce ⟨x⟩ as /ʃ/ in fast speech; however, whether /t͡ʃ/ or /t͡s/, ⟨x⟩ is always [[w:Affricate|affricated]] after a nasal. Montecol speakers in the Spanish village of Coña-is-Monxes always pronounce ⟨x⟩ as /t͡ʃ/ in all positions even in fast speech; this is usually attributed to the influence of Spanish.
====Silent ''l''====
The '''silent ''l''''' or '''invisible ''l''''' (''l-calado'' or ''l-invisible'') is a [[w:Sandhi|sandhi]] feature where word-final /l/ is only pronounced after /u/ or /i/ if the following sound is a consonant; this primarily affects function words like ''il'', ''dil'' and ''pril''. For example:
* ''Ona poma '''il''' ome'' "The man's apple", ''ome'' "man" is with a vowel so pronounced [[Help:IPA|[ona ˈpɔma il ˈome]]],
* ''Ona poma '''il''' nío'' "The boy's apple", ''nío'' "boy" is with a consonant so pronounced [[Help:IPA|[ona ˈpɔma i ˈɲiw]]],
* ''Ona ispát'''ul''' grande'' "A big spatula", pronounced [[Help:IPA|[ona iʃˈpatu ˈɡɾande]]] vs ''ona espát'''ul''' áspra'' "a rough spatula", pronounced [[Help:IPA|[ona iʃˈpatul ˈaʃpɾa]]].
The silent ''l'' is only sanctioned in standard speech after /i/ and /u/. However, it is also common among younger speakers for silent ''l'' to occur after /a/ as well, so ''Rial Madrid'' [[Help:IPA|[rial maðˈɾið]]] "[[w:Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]]" can be pronounced as if written ''Riá Madrid'' [[Help:IPA|[riˈa maðˈɾið]]]. This pronunciation is generally considered a [[w:Shibboleth|shibboleth]] of rustic or uneducated speech.
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes and graphemes
|+ Vowel phonemes and graphemes
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
! colspan=2 | Close
| '''i''' /i/ || || '''u''' /u/
|-
! rowspan=2 | Mid
! <small>close-mid</small>
| '''e''', '''é''' /e/ || || '''o''', '''ó''' /o/
|-
! <small>open-mid</small>
| '''e''' /ɛ/ || || '''o''' /ɔ/
|-
! colspan=2 | Open
| || '''a''' /a/ ||
|}
|}
[[Category:Montecolan]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Romance]]
[[Category:Montecolan]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Romance]]
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Montecolan"