Bemé: Difference between revisions

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===''Kriyal''===

''[[Contionary:kriyal|Kriyal]]'' ([[IPA for Bemé|[kɹ̥ijal]]], [[IPA for Bemé|[tɹ̥ijal]]] or [[IPA for Bemé|[tʃɹ̥ijal]]]) is a less commonly used term, and is derived from ~~the English word~~ {{l|en|~~creole~~}}. Although originally referring to the entire language in the same manner as ''Bemé''/''Bemeh'', nowadays it is mostly used to refer to [[w:Basilect|basilectal]] varieties of the language, though older speakers may still refer to the language as a whole as ''kriyal''.

''[[Contionary:kriyal|Kriyal]]'' ([[IPA for Bemé|[kɹ̥ijal]]], [[IPA for Bemé|[tɹ̥ijal]]] or [[IPA for Bemé|[tʃɹ̥ijal]]]) is a less commonly used term, and is derived from {{mn|en|Creole}}, originally from {{mn|pt|crioulo}} and ultimately derived from {{mn|la|creō}}. Although originally referring to the entire language in the same manner as ''Bemé''/''Bemeh'', nowadays it is mostly used to refer to [[w:Basilect|basilectal]] varieties of the language, though older speakers may still refer to the language as a whole as ''kriyal''.

The word ''kriyal'' (sometimes spelt ''kriyel'' in [[Columbé|Columban]]) is also used by [[Columbé]] and [[Bijun Creole]] speakers to refer to their own varieties of Bemé.

==History==

===Portuguese-Kabao Pidgin===

The [[w:Portuguese colonial empire|Portuguese]] under [[w:Goa|Goan]] explorer Custódio Cortes initially attempted to colonise the Poccasin Archipelago between 1775 and 1783. On the island of Kabao, native to the [[Kabao]] people, the Portuguese established the colony of '''Santa Maria Cheia de Graça''' at Cape Cristo, and built two churches, the Egreja d'Oeste de Santa Maria Cheia de Graça and the Egreja d'Este de Santa Maria Cheia de Graça; the former would eventually give its name to the Cassim Po ''colonia'' of Westchurch. Initial relations with the indigenous Kabao were tetchy, culminating in a disastrous expedition known as the Death March of the Thousand (''A Marcha da Morte dos Mil'') where Cortes and an an army of 1,000 colonists attempted to route a group of Kabao raiders further north on the island, but ended up in unmapped rainforest and were ambushed, losing about 700 in the process through disease, starvation and violence. After this, relations cooled and Cortes was reassigned to establish new colonies, one of them eventually becoming the city of Patria on [[Saint Columban]]. The expanding Santa Maria Cheia de Graça colony occasionally still came into conflict with the Kabao, but otherwise the two sides were peaceful and regularly exchanged items, which catalysed the development of a '''Portuguese-Kabao pidgin''', the first predecessor of modern Bemé. It is named "''Portuguese''-Kabao pidgin" because Portuguese seemed to have been the main [[w:Lexifier|lexifier]] of the language.

A manuscript penned by a colonist only known by the name of "António Filipe" details a vocabulary list of this pidgin, probably spoken between 1780-1799:

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! Pidginised Kabao glossary !! Modern Kabao !! Portuguese glossary !! Bemé translation !! English translation

|-

| ''Esecuta tu'' || ''Darwgisa'' || ''Escutá'' || ''Lis eh'' || Listen

|-

| ''Babô'' || ''Badbo'' || ''Quanto custa'' || ''Wa pis dis'' || How much is that

|-

| ''Bô que-que ao me'' ||

|-

| ''Dude ao tu'' || ''Dwdinongo'' || ''Vai-te foder'' || ''Duj eh yu'' || F*ck you

|-

| ''Nin-nin me kompraguí'' || ''Ajun kambariki'' || ''Não vou comprar nada'' || ''Mi neh wan beyin tingting'' || I won't buy anything

|-

| ''amãga'' || ''amanga'' / ''baribwa'' || {{l|pt|manga}} || {{l|beme|mega}} || mango

|-

| ''lima'' || ''lima'' || {{l|pt|lima}} || {{l|beme|lima}} || lime

|-

| ''bako'', ''bakoko'' || ''bako'' || {{l|pt|coco}} || {{l|beme|bakoko}} || coconut

|}

==''Tak'' vs ''kriyal''==

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|-

! Present

| ''it'' || ''itin'' || ''~~eh it~~'' || ''~~eh itin~~'' || ''la it'' || ''la itin''

| ''it'' || ''itin'' || ''itit'' || ''ititin'' || ''la it'' || ''la itin''

|-

! Past

| ''dan it'' || ''dan itin'' || ''eh dan it'' || ''eh dan ~~itin~~'' || ''la dan it'' || ''la dan itin''

| ''dan it'' || ''dan itin'' || ''dan itit'' || ''dan ititin'' || ''la dan it'' || ''la dan itin''

|-

! Future

| ''wan it'' || ''wan itin'' || ''eh wan it'' || ''eh wan ~~itin~~'' || ''la wan it'' || ''la wan itin''

| ''wan it'' || ''wan itin'' || ''wan itit'' || ''wan ititin'' || ''la wan it'' || ''la wan itin''

|}

====Transitivity====

Similarly to [[w:Tok Pisin|Tok Pisin]], verbs are made transitive by the suffix ''-in''. The suffix is only not placed after a transitive verb when the verb is imperative.

====Tense, aspect and mood====

The completive aspect is shown by the lemma {{l|beme|dampini}} (from English ''*done finish''), as in ''im wak '''dampini''''' "he worked", while the continuous aspect is shown with ~~''eh'' before~~ the verb, as in ''im '''eh''' ~~wak~~'' "he is working". ''Dampini'' also means "finished, completed" as an adjective, and is one of few postpositional adjectives in Bemé, as in ''ombewak '''dampini''''' "finished homework".

The completive aspect is shown by the lemma {{l|beme|dampini}} (from English ''*done finish''), as in ''im wak '''dampini''''' "he worked", while the continuous aspect is shown with [[w:Reduplication|reduplication]] of the verb, as in ''im '''wakwak''''' "he is working". ''Dampini'' also means "finished, completed" as an adjective, and is one of few postpositional adjectives in Bemé, as in ''ombewak '''dampini''''' "finished homework".

Bemé has two officially marked tenses: past and future, marked by the particles ''dan'' and ''wan'' respectively, as in ''mi dan itin bitel'' "I ate food" vs ''mi wan itin bitel'' "I will eat food".

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|know=shtan

|think=tink

|smell=~~padun~~

|smell=ngos

|fear=piyeh

|sleep=slip

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: Jules: ''Neh mang, mi na itin pok.''

: Vincent: ''Yu bi yudim?''

: Jules: ''Neh mang, mi na yudim, mi jis na ~~digin~~ pok, lalo.''

: Jules: ''Neh mang, mi na yudim, mi jis na lekin pok, lalo.''

: Vincent: ''~~Wa lek~~ neh?''

: Vincent: ''Wanyu neh?''

: Jules: ''Pok bi deti edag. Mi na itin deti edag.''

: Vincent: ''Yeh, ba bekon tes gud. Pok chop tes gud.''

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: Vincent: ''Ah, so kas dat risun, ey pok dan ab gud peson, im grag eh bi deti edag.''

: Jules: ''Eh, wi la mos takin eh wan neys teting pok, yameh, im mos bi teng tey pro neys den dat Arnold ni Green Acres!''

~~===Seventh Linguifex Relay===~~

~~<small>'''''Bemé''' is taking part in the [[Seventh Linguifex Relay]] in seat 10. This section will be filled in once the relay ends.''</small><br>~~

==See also==

* [[:Category:Bemé ~~words~~]]

* [[:Category:Bemé lemmas]]

* [[Caine orthography]]

[[Category:Bemé]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Creole languages]]

[[Category:Bemé language]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Creole languages]]

@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 ===''Kriyal''===
-''[[Contionary:kriyal|Kriyal]]'' ([[IPA for Bemé|[kɹ̥ijal]]], [[IPA for Bemé|[tɹ̥ijal]]] or [[IPA for Bemé|[tʃɹ̥ijal]]]) is a less commonly used term, and is derived from the English word {{l|en|creole}}. Although originally referring to the entire language in the same manner as ''Bemé''/''Bemeh'', nowadays it is mostly used to refer to [[w:Basilect|basilectal]] varieties of the language, though older speakers may still refer to the language as a whole as ''kriyal''.
+''[[Contionary:kriyal|Kriyal]]'' ([[IPA for Bemé|[kɹ̥ijal]]], [[IPA for Bemé|[tɹ̥ijal]]] or [[IPA for Bemé|[tʃɹ̥ijal]]]) is a less commonly used term, and is derived from {{mn|en|Creole}}, originally from {{mn|pt|crioulo}} and ultimately derived from {{mn|la|creō}}. Although originally referring to the entire language in the same manner as ''Bemé''/''Bemeh'', nowadays it is mostly used to refer to [[w:Basilect|basilectal]] varieties of the language, though older speakers may still refer to the language as a whole as ''kriyal''.
 The word ''kriyal'' (sometimes spelt ''kriyel'' in [[Columbé|Columban]]) is also used by [[Columbé]] and [[Bijun Creole]] speakers to refer to their own varieties of Bemé.
+==History==
+===Portuguese-Kabao Pidgin===
+The [[w:Portuguese colonial empire|Portuguese]] under [[w:Goa|Goan]] explorer Custódio Cortes initially attempted to colonise the Poccasin Archipelago between 1775 and 1783. On the island of Kabao, native to the [[Kabao]] people, the Portuguese established the colony of '''Santa Maria Cheia de Graça''' at Cape Cristo, and built two churches, the Egreja d'Oeste de Santa Maria Cheia de Graça and the Egreja d'Este de Santa Maria Cheia de Graça; the former would eventually give its name to the Cassim Po ''colonia'' of Westchurch. Initial relations with the indigenous Kabao were tetchy, culminating in a disastrous expedition known as the Death March of the Thousand (''A Marcha da Morte dos Mil'') where Cortes and an an army of 1,000 colonists attempted to route a group of Kabao raiders further north on the island, but ended up in unmapped rainforest and were ambushed, losing about 700 in the process through disease, starvation and violence. After this, relations cooled and Cortes was reassigned to establish new colonies, one of them eventually becoming the city of Patria on [[Saint Columban]]. The expanding Santa Maria Cheia de Graça colony occasionally still came into conflict with the Kabao, but otherwise the two sides were peaceful and regularly exchanged items, which catalysed the development of a '''Portuguese-Kabao pidgin''', the first predecessor of modern Bemé. It is named "''Portuguese''-Kabao pidgin" because Portuguese seemed to have been the main [[w:Lexifier|lexifier]] of the language.
+A manuscript penned by a colonist only known by the name of "António Filipe" details a vocabulary list of this pidgin, probably spoken between 1780-1799:
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! Pidginised Kabao glossary !! Modern Kabao !! Portuguese glossary !! Bemé translation !! English translation
+|-
+| ''Esecuta tu'' || ''Darwgisa'' || ''Escutá'' || ''Lis eh'' || Listen
+|-
+| ''Babô'' || ''Badbo'' || ''Quanto custa'' || ''Wa pis dis'' || How much is that
+|-
+| ''Bô que-que ao me'' ||
+|-
+| ''Dude ao tu'' || ''Dwdinongo'' || ''Vai-te foder'' || ''Duj eh yu'' || F*ck you
+|-
+| ''Nin-nin me kompraguí'' || ''Ajun kambariki'' || ''Não vou comprar nada'' || ''Mi neh wan beyin tingting'' || I won't buy anything
+|-
+| ''amãga'' || ''amanga'' / ''baribwa'' || {{l|pt|manga}} || {{l|beme|mega}} || mango
+|-
+| ''lima'' || ''lima'' || {{l|pt|lima}} || {{l|beme|lima}} || lime
+|-
+| ''bako'', ''bakoko'' || ''bako'' || {{l|pt|coco}} || {{l|beme|bakoko}} || coconut
+|}
 ==''Tak'' vs ''kriyal''==
@@ Line 374: / Line 399: @@
 |-
 ! Present
-| ''it'' || ''itin'' || ''eh it'' || ''eh itin'' || ''la it'' || ''la itin''
+| ''it'' || ''itin'' || ''itit'' || ''ititin'' || ''la it'' || ''la itin''
 |-
 ! Past
-| ''dan it'' || ''dan itin'' || ''eh dan it'' || ''eh dan itin'' || ''la dan it'' || ''la dan itin''
+| ''dan it'' || ''dan itin'' || ''dan itit'' || ''dan ititin'' || ''la dan it'' || ''la dan itin''
 |-
 ! Future
-| ''wan it'' || ''wan itin'' || ''eh wan it'' || ''eh wan itin'' || ''la wan it'' || ''la wan itin''
+| ''wan it'' || ''wan itin'' || ''wan itit'' || ''wan ititin'' || ''la wan it'' || ''la wan itin''
 |}
 ====Transitivity====
 Similarly to [[w:Tok Pisin|Tok Pisin]], verbs are made transitive by the suffix ''-in''. The suffix is only not placed after a transitive verb when the verb is imperative.
 ====Tense, aspect and mood====
-The completive aspect is shown by the lemma {{l|beme|dampini}} (from English ''*done finish''), as in ''im wak '''dampini''''' "he worked", while the continuous aspect is shown with ''eh'' before the verb, as in ''im '''eh''' wak'' "he is working". ''Dampini'' also means "finished, completed" as an adjective, and is one of few postpositional adjectives in Bemé, as in ''ombewak '''dampini''''' "finished homework".
+The completive aspect is shown by the lemma {{l|beme|dampini}} (from English ''*done finish''), as in ''im wak '''dampini''''' "he worked", while the continuous aspect is shown with [[w:Reduplication|reduplication]] of the verb, as in ''im '''wakwak''''' "he is working". ''Dampini'' also means "finished, completed" as an adjective, and is one of few postpositional adjectives in Bemé, as in ''ombewak '''dampini''''' "finished homework".
 Bemé has two officially marked tenses: past and future, marked by the particles ''dan'' and ''wan'' respectively, as in ''mi dan itin bitel'' "I ate food" vs ''mi wan itin bitel'' "I will eat food".
@@ Line 512: / Line 537: @@
 |know=shtan
 |think=tink
-|smell=padun
+|smell=ngos
 |fear=piyeh
 |sleep=slip
@@ Line 650: / Line 675: @@
 : Jules: ''Neh mang, mi na itin pok.''
 : Vincent: ''Yu bi yudim?''
-: Jules: ''Neh mang, mi na yudim, mi jis na digin pok, lalo.''
+: Jules: ''Neh mang, mi na yudim, mi jis na lekin pok, lalo.''
-: Vincent: ''Wa lek neh?''
+: Vincent: ''Wanyu neh?''
 : Jules: ''Pok bi deti edag. Mi na itin deti edag.''
 : Vincent: ''Yeh, ba bekon tes gud. Pok chop tes gud.''
@@ Line 661: / Line 686: @@
 : Vincent: ''Ah, so kas dat risun, ey pok dan ab gud peson, im grag eh bi deti edag.''
 : Jules: ''Eh, wi la mos takin eh wan neys teting pok, yameh, im mos bi teng tey pro neys den dat Arnold ni Green Acres!''
-===Seventh Linguifex Relay===
-<small>'''''Bemé''' is taking part in the [[Seventh Linguifex Relay]] in seat 10. This section will be filled in once the relay ends.''</small><br>
 ==See also==
-* [[:Category:Bemé words]]
+* [[:Category:Bemé lemmas]]
 * [[Caine orthography]]
-[[Category:Bemé]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Creole languages]]
+[[Category:Bemé language]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Creole languages]]