Knench: Difference between revisions
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=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
* (lost, not written) from Old Knench /ʔ/ | |||
* /v/ '''v''' from Old Knench /b/ | |||
* | * /ɣ/ '''g''' from Old Knench /g/ | ||
* | * /ð/ '''d''' from Old Knench /d/ | ||
* | * /0/ '''ḧ''' (often lost) from Old Knench /h/ | ||
* | * /w/ '''w''' from Old Knench /w/ | ||
* | * /z/ '''z''' from Old Knench /z/ (from PSem *z and ð) | ||
* | * /qʰ/ '''qh''' from Old Knench /χ/ (from PSem *x and *ħ) | ||
* | * /t˭/ '''t''' from Old Knench /t{{phar}}/ | ||
* | * /j/ '''j''' from Old Knench /j/ | ||
* | * /kʰ/ '''ch''' from Old Knench /k/ | ||
* | * /l/ '''l''' from Old Knench /l/ | ||
* | * /m/ '''m''' from Old Knench /m/ | ||
* | * /n/ '''n''' from Old Knench /n/ | ||
* | * /s/ '''x''' from Old Knench /ts/ (from PSem *s) | ||
* | * /ʁ{{tilde}}/ '''ɣ''' from Old Knench /ʁ̃/ (from PSem *ɣ and *ʕ) | ||
* | * /f/ '''f''' from Old Knench /p/ | ||
* | * /p˭/ '''p''' from Latin/Romance /p/ | ||
* | * /t{{tiebar}}s˭| '''ç''' from Old Knench /tsˁ/ (from PSem *s{{cdb}}, *ś{{cdb}}, and *θ{{cdb}}) | ||
* | * /k˭/ '''c''' from Old Knench /q/ | ||
* | * /ɾ/ '''r''' from Old Knench /r/ | ||
* | * /s{{ret}}/ '''s''' from Old Knench /s{{ret}}/ (from PSem *š, *ś, and *θ) | ||
* | * /tʰ/ '''th''' from Old Knench /t/ | ||
* | |||
* | |||
'''qh''' is | '''qh''' is shifting to /x~h/ in Modern Knench. | ||
=== Mutation === | === Mutation === | ||
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The lexical verb is usually in the infinitive form in Knench: | The lexical verb is usually in the infinitive form in Knench: | ||
: ''Re ni | : ''Re ni byl chilo laqhm.'' (PRES 1SG PROG eat bread) 'I eat/am eating bread.' | ||
: ''Re ni by | : ''Re ni by chilo i tha laqhm.'' (PRES 1SG PROG eat 1SG FA bread) '(archaic) I eat/am eating bread.' | ||
: '' | : ''Chilo laqhmaz!'' 'Eat the bread! (both sg and pl)' | ||
Knench verbs can be from inherited binyanim | Knench verbs can be from inherited infinitive construct forms (the binyanim are fɣul, yfeɣyl, ythfeɣyl, feɣyl, efɣyl, ysthefɣyl) or from noun patterns. | ||
==Sample texts==<!-- | ==Sample texts==<!-- | ||
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--> | --> | ||
===Newton's laws of motion=== | ===Newton's laws of motion=== | ||
''I: Re gif | ''I: Re gif byl sbuth by demi, ylů by qhufuz bal-mystheny, chim força b acço ɣaju.'' | ||
I: An object stays at rest, or at a constant speed, unless a force acts on it. | I: An object stays at rest, or at a constant speed, unless a force acts on it. | ||
''II: Re | ''II: Re senůdaz ly momentaz ly gif by mathcini lid forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaj gifaz; u re senůdaz by crůd darchom cůaz thecin as forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaju.'' | ||
II: The change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force applied to the body; and the change occurs along the straight line on which that force is applied. | II: The change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force applied to the body; and the change occurs along the straight line on which that force is applied. | ||
''III: Jes ly chul acço tha reacço sowo u | ''III: Jes ly chul acço tha reacço sowo u nyh{{umlaut}}focho.'' | ||
III: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. | III: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. | ||