Qtolqjimctadû: Difference between revisions

(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

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Õ, õ /o/

Ñ, ñ /ɲ/

</poem>

=====History=====

Like most, if not all, versions of Tolsian, Qtolqjimctadû was meant to be written with the original Tolsian script. Some graphemes were chosen because of the limitations of the French keyboard, but were initally supposed to correspond to another, preexisting grapheme, with a diacritic, in order to reflect the original script. Some graphemes with diacritic are supposed to represent letters in the original script that are not simply versions of another letter with a diacritic ; this is why in the list below, <nowiki><ë></nowiki> appears to represent /e/, alongside <nowiki><ç></nowiki>, whereas in <Ë, ë> it represents /bɾə/ in the alphabet : they have different underlying identities.

<poem>

<e> with diaeresis ¨ becomes <ç> (or <ë>)

<e> with cedilla or possibly hook below (''accent « petite courbe vers le bas »'') becomes <ù> (or <ĕ>)

<e> with circumflex accent ^ becomes <ÿ> (or <ê>)

<O, o> (or <Ô, ô> ?) with circumflex accent becomes <Õ, õ>

<U, u> with dieresis becomes <Ü, ü>

<U, u> with circumflex accent becomes <Û, û>

<Â, â> with circumflex accent becomes <Ê, ê>

<Î, î> with circumflex accent becomes <Ï, ï>

<ä> with cedilla or hook below becomes <à> (o <ă>)

<ä> with circumflex becomes <é> (or <â>)

<ä> with diaeresis becomes <è> (or <ä>)

<Â, â> with circumflex becomes <Ã, ã>

</poem>

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ĦÛ, ħû /ɾ/

RÛ, rû /ɹ/

=====Trigraphs with <Û, û>=====

There is only one such trigraph, and only the first letter is capitalized, if needed. It is possibly meant to appear only word-initially as it was only given as <Tûhh> :

Tûhh /θ/

=====Digraphs with <Ħ, ħ>=====

These can also be written as trigraphs, swapping <Ħ, ħ> for <Hh, hh>. As digraphs, one may likewise capitalize both letters or only the first one. As trigraphs, Only the first letter is capitalized.

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DĦ/Dħ, dħ /z/ (or <Dhh, dhh>)

SĦ/Sħ, sħ /z/ (or <Shh, shh>)

=====Digraphs and trigraph with <Ë, ë>=====

The phoneme /ɾ/ also appears as part of a syllable /bɾə/, written <Ë, ë>. When <Ë, ë> is followed by a vowel, the /ə/ is replaced by that vowel :

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Ëou, ëou [bɾu]

</poem>

=====Some more consonantal digraphs=====

RX, rx /ʀ/

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-->

===Nouns===

Nouns have three genders in Qtolqjimctadû : neuter, masculine, and feminine. Genders are marked by the ending. Nouns that represent inanimate things are usually neutral, with masculine and feminine generally found in nouns that represent animate things. Some nouns can have all three genders (for example, male and female animal names are often built on the same underlying neutral form). Nouns also have two numbers : singular and plural. The plural is marked with a suffix that comes after any gender mark, while the singular is unmarked. The "dictionary" form when a given noun can have several genders is the singular neuter. Most nouns in the singular neuter end either with a <nowiki><e></nowiki> or with a consonant. The plural takes a different form depending on the ending of the word, in the singular neuter if applicable.

{| class="wikitable"

|+ Ending in -e

|-

! Gender / Number !! Singular !! Plural

|-

| Neuter || -e /ə/ || -ea /ɛ/

|-

| Masculine || -e /ə/ || -ebn /ɛjn/

|-

| Feminine || -ea /ɛ/ || -ean /əɑ̃/

|}

{| class="wikitable"

|+ Neuter singular ending -c, -f, -j, -l, -m, -n, -v, -û, -ë

|-

! Gender / Number !! Singular !! Plural

|-

| Neuter || -e /ə/ || -ea /ɛ/

|-

| Masculine || -e /ə/ || -ebn /ɛjn/

|-

| Feminine || -ea /ɛ/ || -ean /əɑ̃/

|}

==Syntax==

@@ Line 265: / Line 265: @@
 Õ, õ /o/
 Ñ, ñ /ɲ/
+</poem>
+=====History=====
+Like most, if not all, versions of Tolsian, Qtolqjimctadû was meant to be written with the original Tolsian script. Some graphemes were chosen because of the limitations of the French keyboard, but were initally supposed to correspond to another, preexisting grapheme, with a diacritic, in order to reflect the original script. Some graphemes with diacritic are supposed to represent letters in the original script that are not simply versions of another letter with a diacritic ; this is why in the list below, <nowiki><ë></nowiki> appears to represent /e/, alongside <nowiki><ç></nowiki>, whereas in <Ë, ë> it represents /bɾə/ in the alphabet : they have different underlying identities.
+<poem>
+<e> with diaeresis ¨ becomes <ç> (or <ë>)
+<e> with cedilla or possibly hook below (''accent « petite courbe vers le bas »'') becomes <ù> (or <ĕ>)
+<e> with circumflex accent ^ becomes <ÿ> (or <ê>)
+<O, o> (or <Ô, ô> ?) with circumflex accent becomes <Õ, õ>
+<U, u> with dieresis becomes <Ü, ü>
+<U, u> with circumflex accent becomes <Û, û>
+<Â, â> with circumflex accent becomes <Ê, ê>
+<Î, î> with circumflex accent becomes <Ï, ï>
+<ä> with cedilla or hook below becomes <à> (o <ă>)
+<ä> with circumflex becomes <é> (or <â>)
+<ä> with diaeresis becomes <è> (or <ä>)
+<Â, â> with circumflex becomes <Ã, ã>
 </poem>
@@ Line 312: / Line 328: @@
 ĦÛ, ħû /ɾ/
 RÛ, rû /ɹ/
 =====Trigraphs with <Û, û>=====
 There is only one such trigraph, and only the first letter is capitalized, if needed. It is possibly meant to appear only word-initially as it was only given as <Tûhh> :
 Tûhh /θ/
 =====Digraphs with <Ħ, ħ>=====
 These can also be written as trigraphs, swapping <Ħ, ħ> for <Hh, hh>. As digraphs, one may likewise capitalize both letters or only the first one. As trigraphs, Only the first letter is capitalized.
@@ Line 324: / Line 342: @@
 DĦ/Dħ, dħ /z/ (or <Dhh, dhh>)
 SĦ/Sħ, sħ /z/ (or <Shh, shh>)
 =====Digraphs and trigraph with <Ë, ë>=====
 The phoneme /ɾ/ also appears as part of a syllable /bɾə/, written <Ë, ë>. When <Ë, ë> is followed by a vowel, the /ə/ is replaced by that vowel :
@@ Line 338: / Line 357: @@
 Ëou, ëou [bɾu]
 </poem>
 =====Some more consonantal digraphs=====
 RX, rx /ʀ/
@@ Line 660: / Line 680: @@
 -->
+===Nouns===
+Nouns have three genders in Qtolqjimctadû : neuter, masculine, and feminine. Genders are marked by the ending. Nouns that represent inanimate things are usually neutral, with masculine and feminine generally found in nouns that represent animate things. Some nouns can have all three genders (for example, male and female animal names are often built on the same underlying neutral form). Nouns also have two numbers : singular and plural. The plural is marked with a suffix that comes after any gender mark, while the singular is unmarked. The "dictionary" form when a given noun can have several genders is the singular neuter. Most nouns in the singular neuter end either with a <nowiki><e></nowiki> or with a consonant. The plural takes a different form depending on the ending of the word, in the singular neuter if applicable.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+ Ending in -e
+|-
+! Gender / Number !! Singular !! Plural
+|-
+| Neuter || -e /ə/ || -ea /ɛ/
+|-
+| Masculine || -e /ə/ || -ebn /ɛjn/
+|-
+| Feminine || -ea /ɛ/ || -ean /əɑ̃/
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+ Neuter singular ending -c, -f, -j, -l, -m, -n, -v, -û, -ë
+|-
+! Gender / Number !! Singular !! Plural
+|-
+| Neuter || -e /ə/ || -ea /ɛ/
+|-
+| Masculine || -e /ə/ || -ebn /ɛjn/
+|-
+| Feminine || -ea /ɛ/ || -ean /əɑ̃/
+|}
 ==Syntax==