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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Old Tevvic
|name=Ancient Tevvic
|nativename=ťēvvó tâṇa
|nativename={{l|tevo|त़ैव्वॉ॔ ता॔ण|tr=ťēvvó tā́ṇa}}
|pronunciation=cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳɑ
|pronunciation=cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳɑ
|ethnicity=Tevvics
|ethnicity=Tevvics
|states=[[w:Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
|states=[[w:Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European|Indo-European]]
|fam2=?
|fam2=Para-Germanic
|fam3=Tevvic
|fam3=?
|script1=Latn
|fam4=Tevvic
|script1=Deva
|ancestor=Proto-?
|ancestor=Proto-?
|creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]]
|creator=[[User:Melinoë|Melinoë]]
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|setting=
|setting=
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
|era=Spoken from the 8th century to the mid 12th century AD, developed into [[Middle Tevvic]] by the mid 13th century AD.
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


Ancient Tevvic ([[w:Autonym|Autonym]]: {{l|tevo|त़ैव्वॉ॔ ता॔ण|tr=ťēvvó tā́ṇa}}, /cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳɑ/) was a language spoken in northern India, largely around the modern state of Uttarakhand. It is seemingly a member of the (unnamed) family, making it part of the so-called "Para-Germanic" branch of languages. Ancient Tevvic is immensely divergent, to the point it had become unintelligible to its closest relatives by at most 300 years after splitting from them. Being among the many colloquial languages spoken throughout India, Ancient Tevvic was considered a [[w:Prakrit|Prakrit]], despite not being Indo-Aryan in the slightest, though it would receive large influence from Sanskrit, much like the other languages of India, though it would largely avoid Sanskritization.


 
Ancient Tevvic is the primary ancestor of the Tevvic branch of languages, which is comprised of a small group of relatively distantly related languages from across southeast Asia, largely focused on the Indian subcontinent.
==Classification==


==History==
==History==
Ancient Tevvic split off from its relatives by about 750AD, the peoples having begun migrating to India likely due to the Turkic migrations into the lands.


==Development==
==Development==
*/x/ > /h/
*/x/ > /h/
*/r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/
*/r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/
*unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex
*unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex. Approximants simply move place, to /j, w, ɻ/ or /ʎ, ɫ, ɭ/ respectively
** this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped
**this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped
*/ə/ lost where new clusters are easy
*/ə/ lost where new clusters are easy
*diphthongs simplify
*diphthongs simplify
Line 124: Line 127:
| uː
| uː
|-
|-
! Mid
! Mid-High
| e
| eː
| ø
| øː
| o
| oː
|-
! Mid-Low
| ɛ
| ɛ
| ɛː
| ɛː
Line 135: Line 146:
|  
|  
|  
|  
| (ə)
| ə
|  
| əː
| ɑ
| ɑ
| ɑː
| ɑː
Line 147: Line 158:


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
All inflectable terms follow one of three stress patterns, ''acrostatic'' (initial stress), ''mesostatic'' (stressed ending), or ''kinetic''. ''kinetic'' stress originally entailed a moving stress, where it was acrostatic in some forms, but mesostatic in others, this "moving" stress has been leveled out, but the phonological effects remain, as in '''''मंह॔ः''''' (mạháh) but '''''मंग॔ः''''' (mạgáh).
===Nominals===
===Nominals===
Nominals decline based on roughly 4 categories, those being ''number'', ''case'', ''gender'' (adjectives), and ''possessor'' (nouns). Noun roots may be derived for different genders, often for a semantic change.
====Nouns====
====Nouns====
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=Possessive endings|tall=yes}}
! class=outer colspan=2 |
! singular
! plural
|-
! colspan=2 | 1st
| {{l|tevo|-मै|tr=(-mē)}}
| {{l|tevo|-अंः|tr=(-ạh)}}
|-
! colspan=2 | 2nd
| {{l|tevo|-तै|tr=(-tē)}}
| {{l|tevo|-ऑः|tr=(-oh)}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | 3rd
! class=secondary | masc./neut.
| {{l|tevo|-णंः|tr=(-ṇạh)}}
| {{l|tevo|-नैसां|tr=(-nēsạ̄)}}
|-
! class=secondary | fem.
| {{l|tevo|-णंष्याः|tr=(-nạsjāh)}}
| {{l|tevo|-नीसां|tr=(-nīsạ̄)}}
|-
{{inflection-table-bottom|notes=}}
=====Masculines=====
=====Masculines=====
======a-stem======
======a-stem======
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=A-stem masculine nouns|tall=yes}}
{{inflection-table-top|palette=blue|title=A-stem masculine nouns|tall=yes}}
! rowspan=2 class=outer |
! rowspan=2 class=outer |
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|úlf}} ("wolf", acro.)
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|उ॔ल्फ़्|tr=úlf}} ("wolf", acro.)
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|}} ("spear", meso.)
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|हैज़॔ः|tr=hēzáh}} ("spear", meso.)
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|}} ("stomach", kin.)
! colspan=2 class=outer | {{l|tevo|मंह॔ः|tr=mạháh}} ("stomach", kin.)
|-
|-
! singular
! singular
Line 165: Line 201:
|-
|-
! nominative
! nominative
| úlf
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">्</span> (úlf)
| úlf<span style="color:red">oh</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ॉः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
|  
| हैज़<span style="color:red">॔ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">áh</span>)
|  
| हैज़<span style="color:red">ॉ॔ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">óh</span>)
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
! vocative
! vocative
| úlf
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">्</span> (úlf)
| úlf<span style="color:red">oh</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ॉः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">oh</span>)
|  
| हैज़<span style="color:red">्</span> (hēz<span style="color:red"></span>)
|  
| हैज़<span style="color:red">ॉ॔ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">óh</span>)
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
! accusative
! accusative
| úlf<span style="color:red">a</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red"></span> (úlf<span style="color:red">a</span>)
| úlf<span style="color:red">ah</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
|  
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">॓</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ạ́</span>)
|  
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">॓ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ạ́h</span>)
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
! allative
! allative
| úlf<span style="color:red">ōr</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ौर्</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ōr</span>)
| úlf<span style="color:red">vəh</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">्वंः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">vạh</span>)
|  
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ौ॔र</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ṓr</span>)
|  
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ॉ॔ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">óh</span>)
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
! genitive
! genitive
| úlf<span style="color:red"></span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">्</span> (úlf<span style="color:red"></span>)
| úlf<span style="color:red">ə̄</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ां</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ạ̄</span>)
|  
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">॔ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">áh</span>)
|  
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ा॓</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ạ̄́</span>)
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
! ablative
! ablative
| úlf<span style="color:red">eť</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ॅत़्</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">eť</span>)
| úlf<span style="color:red">ah</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ah</span>)
|  
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ॅ॔त़्</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">éť</span>)
|  
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">॓ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ạ́h</span>)
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
! dative
! dative
| úlf<span style="color:red">ē</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ै</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ē</span>)
| úlf<span style="color:red">ēuh</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ैंः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ẹ̄h</span>)
|  
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ै॔</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ḗ</span>)
|  
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ै॓ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ẹ̄́h</span>)
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
! instrumental
! instrumental
| úlf<span style="color:red">o</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ॉ</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">o</span>)
| úlf<span style="color:red">əh</span>
| उ॔ल्फ़<span style="color:red">ंः</span> (úlf<span style="color:red">ạh</span>)
|  
| हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">ॉ॔</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ó</span>)
|  
| {{lang|tevo|}}हौ॔ज़<span style="color:red">॓ः</span> (hēz<span style="color:red">ạ́h</span>)
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 232: Line 268:
====Adjectives====
====Adjectives====
====Pronouns====
====Pronouns====
===Prepositions===
===Prepositions===
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Line 343: Line 380:
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
!1
!1
|{{l|tevo|êṇh}}
|{{l|tevo|आ॓ः|tr=ạ̄́h}}
|-
|-
!2
!2
|{{l|tevo|tvéh}}
|{{l|tevo|त्वॅ॔ः|tr=tvéh}}
|-
|-
!3
!3
|{{l|tevo|ṭárh}}
|{{l|tevo|ट॔र्ः|tr=ṭárh}}
|-
|-
!4
!4
|{{l|tevo|ṣṭvár}}
|{{l|tevo|ष्ट्व॔र्|tr=ṣṭvár}}
|-
|-
!5
!5
|{{l|tevo|pə́ṣ}}
|{{l|tevo|प॓ष्|tr=pạ́ṣ}}
|-
|-
!6
!6
|{{l|tevo|sáhš}}
|{{l|tevo|स॔ःश्|tr=sáhš}}
|-
|-
!7
!7
|{{l|tevo|ṣvɨ́t}}
|{{l|tevo|ष्वु॓त्|tr=ṣvụ́t}}
|-
|-
!8
!8
|{{l|tevo|ẓdɨ́t}}
|{{l|tevo|ढ़्डु॓त्|tr=ẓḍụ́t}}
|-
|-
!9
!9
|{{l|tevo|návɨt}}
|{{l|tevo|न॔वुंत्|tr=návụt}}
|-
|-
!10
!10
|{{l|tevo|tóhɨt}}
|{{l|tevo|तॉ॔हुंत्|tr=tóhụt}}
|-
|-
!11
!11
|{{l|tevo|êṭṭḥɨt}}
|{{l|tevo|ऐ॔ठ्ठुंत्|tr=ḗṭṭḥụt}}
|-
|-
!12
!12
|{{l|tevo|tvêṭḥɨt}}
|{{l|tevo|त्वै॔ठुंत्|tr=tvḗṭḥụt}}
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 1,042: Line 1,079:


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Scots Norse/Agharsc|This page in Scots Norse]]
*[[:Category:Ancient Tevvic lemmas|Ancient Tevvic dictionary]]
*[[:Category:Scots Norse lemmas|Scots Norse dictionary]]


[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
Line 1,049: Line 1,085:
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Scots Norse language]]
[[Category:Ancient Tevvic language]]

Latest revision as of 18:39, 29 May 2026


Ancient Tevvic
त़ैव्वॉ॔ ता॔ण (ťēvvó tā́ṇa)
Pronunciation[cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳɑ]
Created byMelinoë
DateMay, 2026
Native toUttarakhand
EthnicityTevvics
EraSpoken from the 8th century to the mid 12th century AD, developed into Middle Tevvic by the mid 13th century AD.
Indo-European
  • Para-Germanic
    • ?
      • Tevvic
        • Ancient Tevvic
Early form
Proto-?
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Ancient Tevvic (Autonym: त़ैव्वॉ॔ ता॔ण (ťēvvó tā́ṇa), /cɛːʋ.ˈʋɔ ˈtɑː.ɳɑ/) was a language spoken in northern India, largely around the modern state of Uttarakhand. It is seemingly a member of the (unnamed) family, making it part of the so-called "Para-Germanic" branch of languages. Ancient Tevvic is immensely divergent, to the point it had become unintelligible to its closest relatives by at most 300 years after splitting from them. Being among the many colloquial languages spoken throughout India, Ancient Tevvic was considered a Prakrit, despite not being Indo-Aryan in the slightest, though it would receive large influence from Sanskrit, much like the other languages of India, though it would largely avoid Sanskritization.

Ancient Tevvic is the primary ancestor of the Tevvic branch of languages, which is comprised of a small group of relatively distantly related languages from across southeast Asia, largely focused on the Indian subcontinent.

History

Ancient Tevvic split off from its relatives by about 750AD, the peoples having begun migrating to India likely due to the Turkic migrations into the lands.

Development

  • /x/ > /h/
  • /r/ > /ɹ~ɻ/
  • unstressed /i, u, ɑ/ > /ə/, leaving /ʲ, ʷ/ on following consonant, with the last turning consonants retroflex. Approximants simply move place, to /j, w, ɻ/ or /ʎ, ɫ, ɭ/ respectively
    • this palatal/labialization often affects the vowel and is then dropped
  • /ə/ lost where new clusters are easy
  • diphthongs simplify
  • /VjV, VwV/ > /V:/
  • coda nasals to nasalization where possible
  • word final /s/ > /h/
  • word final /Vh{ʲ,ʷ}/ > /V{ʲ,ʷ}/
  • /wu/ > /u/
  • /ĩ, ũ, ɛ̃, ɔ̃, ɑ̃, ə̃/ > /ɨ, ɨ, ə, ə, ə, ɑ/
  • overlong vowels to plain long
  • /w, v/ > /ʋ/, /hw/ > /ʋ̥/
  • /NC/ > /C:/ when of the same place, when not then place assimilation occurs, thus /nt/ > /t:/ but /mt/ > /nt/
  • /{rt,tr,rc,cr}, {rd,dr,rɟ,ɟr}, {rn,nr,rm,mr}, {rs,sr,rʃ,ʃr}, {rz,zr,rʒ,ʒr}/ > /ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ʂ, ʐ/, /rk, kr/ > /ʈ/ in some areas
  • coda geminates to /Cʰ/

Phonology

labial alveolar retroflex palatal velar
nasal m n ɳ ɲ
stop unvoiced p t ʈ c k
voiced b d ɖ ɟ ɡ
fricative unvoiced f s ʂ ʃ h
voiced z ʐ ʒ
approximant ʋ̥, ʋ l ɻ, ɭ j, ʎ ɫ~ɰ
front back
unround round
short long short long short long
High i iː y yː u uː
Mid-High e eː ø øː o oː
Mid-Low ɛ ɛː œ œː ɔ ɔː
Low ə əː ɑ ɑː

Prosody

Orthography

Morphology

All inflectable terms follow one of three stress patterns, acrostatic (initial stress), mesostatic (stressed ending), or kinetic. kinetic stress originally entailed a moving stress, where it was acrostatic in some forms, but mesostatic in others, this "moving" stress has been leveled out, but the phonological effects remain, as in मंह॔ः (mạháh) but मंग॔ः (mạgáh).

Nominals

Nominals decline based on roughly 4 categories, those being number, case, gender (adjectives), and possessor (nouns). Noun roots may be derived for different genders, often for a semantic change.

Nouns

Possessive endings
singular plural
1st -मै ((-mē)) -अंः ((-ạh))
2nd -तै ((-tē)) -ऑः ((-oh))
3rd masc./neut. -णंः ((-ṇạh)) -नैसां ((-nēsạ̄))
fem. -णंष्याः ((-nạsjāh)) -नीसां ((-nīsạ̄))
Masculines
a-stem
A-stem masculine nouns
उ॔ल्फ़् (úlf) ("wolf", acro.) हैज़॔ः (hēzáh) ("spear", meso.) मंह॔ः (mạháh) ("stomach", kin.)
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative उ॔ल्फ़् (úlf) उ॔ल्फ़ॉः (úlfoh) हैज़॔ः (hēzáh) हैज़ॉ॔ः (hēzóh)
vocative उ॔ल्फ़् (úlf) उ॔ल्फ़ॉः (úlfoh) हैज़् (hēz) हैज़ॉ॔ः (hēzóh)
accusative उ॔ल्फ़ (úlfa) उ॔ल्फ़ः (úlfah) हौ॔ज़॓ (hēzạ́) हौ॔ज़॓ः (hēzạ́h)
allative उ॔ल्फ़ौर् (úlfōr) उ॔ल्फ़्वंः (úlfvạh) हौ॔ज़ौ॔र (hēzṓr) हौ॔ज़ॉ॔ः (hēzóh)
genitive उ॔ल्फ़् (úlf) उ॔ल्फ़ां (úlfạ̄) हौ॔ज़॔ः (hēzáh) हौ॔ज़ा॓ (hēzạ̄́)
ablative उ॔ल्फ़ॅत़् (úlfeť) उ॔ल्फ़ः (úlfah) हौ॔ज़ॅ॔त़् (hēzéť) हौ॔ज़॓ः (hēzạ́h)
dative उ॔ल्फ़ै (úlfē) उ॔ल्फ़ैंः (úlfẹ̄h) हौ॔ज़ै॔ (hēzḗ) हौ॔ज़ै॓ः (hēzẹ̄́h)
instrumental उ॔ल्फ़ॉ (úlfo) उ॔ल्फ़ंः (úlfạh) हौ॔ज़ॉ॔ (hēzó) हौ॔ज़॓ः (hēzạ́h)

Adjectives

Pronouns

Prepositions

Verbs

Syntax

Word order

Questions and answers

"To be"

Texts

UDHR Article 1

Original (English)

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.


The Cold Winter is Near

Tevvotanva English
  The cold winter is near, a blizzard will come.
Come in my warm house, o' friend.
Welcome! Come here, sing and dance, eat and drink!
That is my plan.
We have water, beer, and fresh milk from the cow.
Oh, and warm soup!

Vocabulary

Phrasebook


Numerals

1 आ॓ः (ạ̄́h)
2 त्वॅ॔ः (tvéh)
3 ट॔र्ः (ṭárh)
4 ष्ट्व॔र् (ṣṭvár)
5 प॓ष् (pạ́ṣ)
6 स॔ःश् (sáhš)
7 ष्वु॓त् (ṣvụ́t)
8 ढ़्डु॓त् (ẓḍụ́t)
9 न॔वुंत् (návụt)
10 तॉ॔हुंत् (tóhụt)
11 ऐ॔ठ्ठुंत् (ḗṭṭḥụt)
12 त्वै॔ठुंत् (tvḗṭḥụt)

Colors

Colors in Ancient Tevvic · [Term?] (layout · text)
     लैंझ़॔ः (lẹ̄žáh), फ़्लै॔ख् (flḗkh)      फ़्वु॓ः (fvụ́h), फ़्रु॓ः (frụ́h), मॊग॔ः (mougáh), अ॔स्काठ् (áskāṭh)      स्व॔ठ् (sváṭh)
             रौद॔ः (rōdáh), अंद॓ः (ạdạ́h)              तु॓ः (tụ́h); अंण॔ः (ạṇáh)              फ़्लॉव॔ः (fleváh), फ़ै॔ताठ् (fḗtāṭh)
             ह्रॉनि॔ः (hroníh)              षंळ्ग्व॔ः (ṣạḷgváh)              नी॔ल (nī́la)
             अ॔ःमाठ् (áhmāṭh)              हाज़्व॔ः (hāzváh)              मॅ॔चक (mécaka)
             शौ॔ण (šṓṇa)              शौ॔ण (šṓṇa)              पाटल॔ (pāṭalá)

Time

Lexical comparison

Leipzig-Jakarta

See also

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