Ossamic: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name=Ossamic | |name=Ossamic | ||
|nativename=Օսըշահմմը | |nativename={{lang|sish|Օսըշահմմը}}, {{lang|sish|ჵსჷშაჰმმჷ}}, {{lang|sish|Ōsəšahmmə}} | ||
|pronunciation=o.sə.ˈʃaːm.mə | |pronunciation=o.sə.ˈʃaːm.mə | ||
|ethnicity=[[Ossamics]] | |ethnicity=[[Ossamics]] | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
}} | }} | ||
Ossamic (/ˈəʊ̯.sɑ.mɪk | Ossamic (/ˈəʊ̯.sɑ.mɪk/; Autonym: {{l|sish|Օսըշահմմը}}, {{l|sish|ჵსჷშაჰმმჷ}}, or {{l|sish|Ōsəšahmmə}}, all /o.sə.ˈʃaːm.mə/) is a Chlesamnic language of the High Polovic branch spoken at the intersection of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, though it is entirely unintelligible with [[Caucasian Polovic]]. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | nasal | ! colspan=2 | nasal | ||
| m ⟨{{lang|sish|մ}}⟩ | | m</br>⟨{{lang|sish|մ}}, {{lang|sish|მ}}, {{lang|sish|m}}⟩ | ||
| n ⟨{{lang|sish|ն}}⟩ | | n</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ն}}, {{lang|sish|ნ}}, {{lang|sish|n}}⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
! rowspan=3 | stop | ! rowspan=3 | stop | ||
! unvoiced | ! unvoiced | ||
| p ⟨{{lang|sish|պ}}⟩ | | p</br>⟨{{lang|sish|պ}}, {{lang|sish|პ}}, {{lang|sish|p}}⟩ | ||
| t ⟨{{lang|sish|տ}} | | t</br>⟨{{lang|sish|տ}}, {{lang|sish|ტ}}, {{lang|sish|t}}⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
| k ⟨{{lang|sish|ի}}⟩ | | k</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ի}}, {{lang|sish|კ}}, {{lang|sish|k}}⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! aspirated | ! aspirated | ||
| pʰ ⟨{{lang|sish|փ}}⟩ | | pʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|փ}}, {{lang|sish|ფ}}, {{lang|sish|pʻ}}⟩ | ||
| tʰ ⟨{{lang|sish|թ}} | | tʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|թ}}, {{lang|sish|თ}}, {{lang|sish|tʻ}}⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
| kʰ ⟨{{lang|sish|ք}}⟩ | | kʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ք}}, {{lang|sish|ქ}}, {{lang|sish|kʻ}}⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| b ⟨{{lang|sish|բ}}⟩ | | b</br>⟨{{lang|sish|բ}}, {{lang|sish|ბ}}, {{lang|sish|b}}⟩ | ||
| d ⟨{{lang|sish|դ}} | | d</br>⟨{{lang|sish|դ}}, {{lang|sish|დ}}, {{lang|sish|d}}⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
| g ⟨{{lang|sish|գ}}⟩ | | g</br>⟨{{lang|sish|գ}}, {{lang|sish|გ}}, {{lang|sish|g}}⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | fricative | ! rowspan=2 | fricative | ||
! unvoiced | ! unvoiced | ||
| f ⟨{{lang|sish|ֆ}}⟩ | | f</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ֆ}}, {{lang|sish|ჶ}}, {{lang|sish|f}}⟩ | ||
| s ⟨{{lang|sish|ս}}⟩ | | s</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ս}}, {{lang|sish|ს}}, {{lang|sish|s}}⟩ | ||
| ʃ ⟨{{lang|sish|շ}}⟩ | | ʃ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|շ}}, {{lang|sish|შ}}, {{lang|sish|š}}⟩ | ||
| x ⟨{{lang|sish|խ}}⟩ | | x</br>⟨{{lang|sish|խ}}, {{lang|sish|ხ}}, {{lang|sish|x}}⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| v ⟨{{lang|sish|վ}}⟩ | | v</br>⟨{{lang|sish|վ}}, {{lang|sish|ვ}}, {{lang|sish|v}}⟩ | ||
| z ⟨{{lang|sish|զ}}⟩ | | z</br>⟨{{lang|sish|զ}}, {{lang|sish|ზ}}, {{lang|sish|z}}⟩ | ||
| ʒ ⟨{{lang|sish|ժ}}⟩ | | ʒ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ժ}}, {{lang|sish|ჟ}}, {{lang|sish|ž}}⟩ | ||
| ɣ ⟨{{lang|sish|ղ}}⟩ | | ɣ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ղ}}, {{lang|sish|ღ}}, {{lang|sish|ġ}}⟩ | ||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | affricate | |||
! unvoiced | |||
| | |||
| t͡s</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ծ}}, {{lang|sish|წ}}, {{lang|sish|c}}⟩ | |||
| t͡ʃ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ճ}}, {{lang|sish|ჭ}}, {{lang|sish|č}}⟩ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! aspirated | |||
| | |||
| t͡sʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ց}}, {{lang|sish|ც}}, {{lang|sish|cʻ}}⟩ | |||
| t͡ʃʰ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|չ}}, {{lang|sish|ჩ}}, {{lang|sish|čʻ}}⟩ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! voiced | |||
| | |||
| d͡z</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ձ}}, {{lang|sish|ძ}}, {{lang|sish|j}}⟩ | |||
| d͡ʒ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ջ}}, {{lang|sish|ჯ}}, {{lang|sish|ǰ}}⟩ | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | approximant | ! colspan=2 | approximant | ||
| | | | ||
| l ⟨{{lang|sish|լ}}⟩ | | l</br>⟨{{lang|sish|լ}}, {{lang|sish|ლ}}, {{lang|sish|l}}⟩ | ||
| j ⟨{{lang|sish|յ}}⟩ | | j</br>⟨{{lang|sish|յ}}, {{lang|sish|ჲ}}, {{lang|sish|y}}⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | trill | ! colspan=2 | trill | ||
| | | | ||
| r ⟨{{lang|sish|ռ}}⟩ | | r</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ռ}}, {{lang|sish|რ}}, {{lang|sish|ṙ}}⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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! colspan=2 | tap | ! colspan=2 | tap | ||
| | | | ||
| ɾ ⟨{{lang|sish|ր}}⟩ | | ɾ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ր}}, {{lang|sish|ჸ}}, {{lang|sish|r}}⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! High | ! High | ||
| i ⟨{{lang|sish|ի}}⟩ | | i</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ի}}, {{lang|sish|ი}}, {{lang|sish|i}}⟩ | ||
| iː ⟨{{lang|sish|իհ}}⟩ | | iː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|իհ}}, {{lang|sish|იჰ}}, {{lang|sish|ih}}⟩ | ||
| y ⟨{{lang|sish|իւ}}⟩ | | y</br>⟨{{lang|sish|իւ}}, {{lang|sish|უი}}, {{lang|sish|ui}}⟩ | ||
| yː ⟨{{lang|sish|իւհ}}⟩ | | yː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|իւհ}}, {{lang|sish|უიჰ}}, {{lang|sish|uih}}⟩ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| u ⟨{{lang|sish|ու}}⟩ | | u</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ու}}, {{lang|sish|უ}}, {{lang|sish|u}}⟩ | ||
| uː ⟨{{lang|sish|ուհ}}⟩ | | uː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ուհ}}, {{lang|sish|უჰ}}, {{lang|sish|uh}}⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid-high | ! Mid-high | ||
| e ⟨{{lang|sish|է}}⟩ | | e</br>⟨{{lang|sish|է}}, {{lang|sish|ჱ}}, {{lang|sish|ē}}⟩ | ||
| eː ⟨{{lang|sish|էհ}}⟩ | | eː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|էհ}}, {{lang|sish|ჱჰ}}, {{lang|sish|ēh}}⟩ | ||
| ø ⟨{{lang|sish|էւ}}⟩ | | ø</br>⟨{{lang|sish|էւ}}, {{lang|sish|ჵი}}, {{lang|sish|ōi}}⟩ | ||
| øː ⟨{{lang|sish|էւհ}}⟩ | | øː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|էւհ}}, {{lang|sish|ჵიჰ}}, {{lang|sish|ōih}}⟩ | ||
| rowspan=2 | ə ⟨{{lang|sish|ը}}⟩ | | rowspan=2 | ə</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ը}}, {{lang|sish|ჷ}}, {{lang|sish|ə}}⟩ | ||
| rowspan=2 | əː ⟨{{lang|sish|ըհ}}⟩ | | rowspan=2 | əː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ըհ}}, {{lang|sish|ჷჰ}}, {{lang|sish|əh}}⟩ | ||
| o ⟨{{lang|sish|օ}}⟩ | | o</br>⟨{{lang|sish|օ}}, {{lang|sish|ჵ}}, {{lang|sish|ō}}⟩ | ||
| oː ⟨{{lang|sish|օհ}}⟩ | | oː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|օհ}}, {{lang|sish|ჵჰ}}, {{lang|sish|ōh}}⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid-low | ! Mid-low | ||
| ɛ ⟨{{lang|sish|ե}}⟩ | | ɛ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ե}}, {{lang|sish|ე}}, {{lang|sish|e}}⟩ | ||
| ɛː ⟨{{lang|sish|եհ}}⟩ | | ɛː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|եհ}}, {{lang|sish|ეჰ}}, {{lang|sish|eh}}⟩ | ||
| œ ⟨{{lang|sish|եւ}}⟩ | | œ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|եւ}}, {{lang|sish|ოი}}, {{lang|sish|oi}}⟩ | ||
| œː ⟨{{lang|sish|եւհ}}⟩ | | œː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|եւհ}}, {{lang|sish|ოიჰ}}, {{lang|sish|oih}}⟩ | ||
| ɔ ⟨{{lang|sish|ո}}⟩ | | ɔ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ո}}, {{lang|sish|ო}}, {{lang|sish|o}}⟩ | ||
| ɔː ⟨{{lang|sish|ոհ}}⟩ | | ɔː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ոհ}}, {{lang|sish|ოჰ}}, {{lang|sish|oh}}⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Low | ! Low | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| ɑ ⟨{{lang|sish|ա}}⟩ | | ɑ</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ա}}, {{lang|sish|ა}}, {{lang|sish|a}}⟩ | ||
| ɑː ⟨{{lang|sish|ահ}}⟩ | | ɑː</br>⟨{{lang|sish|ահ}}, {{lang|sish|აჰ}}, {{lang|sish|ah}}⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{{inflection-table-top|title= | {{inflection-table-top|title=''ə''-type, animate endings|palette=red|tall=y}} | ||
! | ! | ||
! singular | ! singular | ||
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{{inflection-table-bottom}} | {{inflection-table-bottom}} | ||
{{inflection-table-top|title= | {{inflection-table-top|title=''ə''-type, animate|palette=red|tall=y}} | ||
! rowspan=2 | | ! rowspan=2 | | ||
! colspan=2 | {{l|sish|վիլֆը}} | ! colspan=2 | {{l|sish|վիլֆը}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:42, 11 June 2026
This article is private. The author requests that you do not make changes to this project without approval. By all means, please help fix spelling, grammar and organisation problems, thank you. |
| Ossamic | |
|---|---|
| Օսըշահմմը, ჵსჷშაჰმმჷ, Ōsəšahmmə | |
| Pronunciation | [o.sə.ˈʃaːm.mə] |
| Created by | Melinoë |
| Date | June 9th, 2026 |
| Native to | Armenia: Lori, Tavush Georgia: Kvemo Kartli Azerbaijan: Gazakh, Aghstafa, Tovuz |
| Ethnicity | Ossamics |
| Native speakers | 754.8 thousand (2022) |
Indo-European
| |
Early forms | Proto-Chlesamnic
|
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | Armenia Georgia |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sish |
Ossamic (/ˈəʊ̯.sɑ.mɪk/; Autonym: Օսըշահմմը (Ōsəšahmmə), ჵსჷშაჰმმჷ ('səšahmmə), or Ōsəšahmmə, all /o.sə.ˈʃaːm.mə/) is a Chlesamnic language of the High Polovic branch spoken at the intersection of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, though it is entirely unintelligible with Caucasian Polovic.
Etymology
The English name is from Byzantine /ossamiˈkos/, from /ossaˈmia/, which is from Old Ossamic Օսըշահմմը (Ōsəšahmmə), which is a compound of օսըմ (ōsəm) ("lip") + -(ը)շահմ (-(ə)šahm) (abstract noun affix)+ -մը (-mə) ("our").
History
Phonology
Consonants
| labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nasal | m ⟨մ, მ, m⟩ |
n ⟨ն, ნ, n⟩ |
|||
| stop | unvoiced | p ⟨պ, პ, p⟩ |
t ⟨տ, ტ, t⟩ |
k ⟨ի, კ, k⟩ | |
| aspirated | pʰ ⟨փ, ფ, pʻ⟩ |
tʰ ⟨թ, თ, tʻ⟩ |
kʰ ⟨ք, ქ, kʻ⟩ | ||
| voiced | b ⟨բ, ბ, b⟩ |
d ⟨դ, დ, d⟩ |
g ⟨գ, გ, g⟩ | ||
| fricative | unvoiced | f ⟨ֆ, ჶ, f⟩ |
s ⟨ս, ს, s⟩ |
ʃ ⟨շ, შ, š⟩ |
x ⟨խ, ხ, x⟩ |
| voiced | v ⟨վ, ვ, v⟩ |
z ⟨զ, ზ, z⟩ |
ʒ ⟨ժ, ჟ, ž⟩ |
ɣ ⟨ղ, ღ, ġ⟩ | |
| affricate | unvoiced | t͡s ⟨ծ, წ, c⟩ |
t͡ʃ ⟨ճ, ჭ, č⟩ |
||
| aspirated | t͡sʰ ⟨ց, ც, cʻ⟩ |
t͡ʃʰ ⟨չ, ჩ, čʻ⟩ |
|||
| voiced | d͡z ⟨ձ, ძ, j⟩ |
d͡ʒ ⟨ջ, ჯ, ǰ⟩ |
|||
| approximant | l ⟨լ, ლ, l⟩ |
j ⟨յ, ჲ, y⟩ |
|||
| trill | r ⟨ռ, რ, ṙ⟩ |
||||
| tap | ɾ ⟨ր, ჸ, r⟩ |
||||
Vowels
| front | central | back | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unround | round | |||||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| High | i ⟨ի, ი, i⟩ |
iː ⟨իհ, იჰ, ih⟩ |
y ⟨իւ, უი, ui⟩ |
yː ⟨իւհ, უიჰ, uih⟩ |
u ⟨ու, უ, u⟩ |
uː ⟨ուհ, უჰ, uh⟩ | ||
| Mid-high | e ⟨է, ჱ, ē⟩ |
eː ⟨էհ, ჱჰ, ēh⟩ |
ø ⟨էւ, ჵი, ōi⟩ |
øː ⟨էւհ, ჵიჰ, ōih⟩ |
ə ⟨ը, ჷ, ə⟩ |
əː ⟨ըհ, ჷჰ, əh⟩ |
o ⟨օ, ჵ, ō⟩ |
oː ⟨օհ, ჵჰ, ōh⟩ |
| Mid-low | ɛ ⟨ե, ე, e⟩ |
ɛː ⟨եհ, ეჰ, eh⟩ |
œ ⟨եւ, ოი, oi⟩ |
œː ⟨եւհ, ოიჰ, oih⟩ |
ɔ ⟨ո, ო, o⟩ |
ɔː ⟨ոհ, ოჰ, oh⟩ | ||
| Low | ɑ ⟨ա, ა, a⟩ |
ɑː ⟨ահ, აჰ, ah⟩ | ||||||
Morphology
Nouns
Ossamic nouns decline on several categories, those being case, number, possessor, and (some nouns) animacy.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ֊ը -ə |
֊ընե -əne |
| accusative | ֊ըմ -əm |
֊ընեմ -ənem |
| allative | ֊ըհռ -əhṙ |
֊ընեհռ -ənehṙ |
| genitive | ֊ուտ -ut |
֊ընիւտ -əniwt |
| ablative | ֊իճ -ič |
֊ընայճ -ənayč |
| dative | ֊ըհ -əh |
֊ընեհ -əneh |
| instrumental | ֊ու -u |
֊ընիւ -əniw |
| comitative | ֊ոմ -om |
֊ընեւմ -ənewm |
| վիլֆը (vilfə) | յիգը (yigə) | խիւնզը (xiwnzə) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | վիլֆը vilfə |
վիլֆընե vilfəne |
յիգը yigə |
յիգընե yigəne |
խիւնզը xiwnzə |
խիւնզընե xiwnzəne |
| accusative | վիլֆըմ vilfəm |
վիլֆընեմ vilfənem |
յիգըմ yigəm |
յիգընեմ yigənem |
խիւնզըմ xiwnzəm |
խիւնզընեմ xiwnzənem |
| allative | վիլֆըհռ vilfəhṙ |
վիլֆընեհռ vilfənehṙ |
յիգըհռ yigəhṙ |
յիգընեհռ yigənehṙ |
խիւնզըհռ xiwnzəhṙ |
խիւնզընեհռ xiwnzənehṙ |
| genitive | վիլֆուտ vilfut |
վիլֆընիւտ vilfəniwt |
յիգուտ yigut |
յիգընիւտ yigəniwt |
խիւնզուտ xiwnzut |
խիւնզընիւտ xiwnzəniwt |
| ablative | վիլֆիճ vilfič |
վիլֆընայճ vilfənayč |
յիգիճ yigič |
յիգընայճ yigənayč |
խիւնզիճ xiwnzič |
խիւնզընայճ xiwnzənayč |
| dative | վիլֆըհ vilfəh |
վիլֆընեհ vilfəneh |
յիգըհ yigəh |
յիգընեհ yigəneh |
խիւնզըհ xiwnzəh |
խիւնզընեհ xiwnzəneh |
| instrumental | վիլֆու vilfu |
վիլֆընիւ vilfəniw |
յիգու yigu |
յիգընիւ yigəniw |
խիւնզու xiwnzu |
խիւնզընիւ xiwnzəniw |
| comitative | վիլֆոմ vilfom |
վիլֆընեւմ vilfənewm |
յիգոմ yigom |
յիգընեւմ yigənewm |
խիւնզոմ xiwnzom |
խիւնզընեւմ xiwnzənewm |