Izhkut: Difference between revisions

Line 10:

| speakers = {{formatnum:126000000}}

| speakers2 = {{formatnum:234000}} (L2)

| ethnicity = ~~Izhkut people~~

| ethnicity = Izhkuts

| date = 400 BH

| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan

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===Phonotactics===

Izhkut syllables follow the rule of ''' (C) (r)V₁ (V₂) (C)''', where '''C''' represents any consonant apart from the flap, '''r''' represents the flap, '''V₁''' represents any vowel, and '''V₂''' represents any vowel that isn't identical to V₁.

Izhkut syllables follow the rule of ''' (C) (r)V₁ (V₂) (C) (C)''', where '''C''' represents any consonant apart from the flap, '''r''' represents the flap, '''V₁''' represents any vowel, and '''V₂''' represents any vowel that isn't identical to V₁.

==Morphology==

===Articles===

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| ''lege'' || ''leg’''

|}

===Adjectives===

Izhkut adjectives are divided into class I and II. Class I include all irregular adjectives, typically common ones such as ''lun'' "good", ''ober'' "bad", and colours like ''yagav'' "black" or ''manëa'' "white". Class II adjectives are regular and are marked with specific suffixes depending on number and [[w:Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|degree of comparison]]:

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! !! Singular !! Plural

|-

! Positive

| ''-ar'' / (''Colonial'') ''-re'' || ''-id''

|-

! Comparative

| ''-as'' || ''-is''

|-

! Superlative

| ''-am'' || ''-anid''

|}

These allow derivations from nouns to form adjectives, so ''gilab'' "sand" can be inflected as so:

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! !! Singular !! Plural

|-

! Positive

| ''gilab'''ar''''' / (''Colonial'') ''gilab'''re''''' "sandy" || ''gilab'''id''''' "sandy"

|-

! Comparative

| ''gilab'''as''''' "sandier / more sandy" || ''gilab'''is''''' "sandier / more sandy"

|-

! Superlative

| ''gilab'''am''''' "sandiest / most sandy" || ''gilab'''anid''''' "sandiest / most sandy"

|}

Used in a sentence:

* ''U lege namoë '''gilabanid''' semloa?''

** "Where are the '''sandiest''' beaches?"

* ''Janas yutleg'iu zeu Enud Gibios ge namoë '''gilabam''', la balga u lege namoë Ingdikh '''gilabis'''.''

** "Some people say that the Gibios Bay is the '''sandiest''' beach, but the [[Ingdikh]] beaches are actually '''sandier'''."

===Personal pronouns===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

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====Vocative====

In Mainland dialects, a vocative particle, ''i'', is always placed before formal singular second and third person pronouns. For example:

: ''Luën '''i''' la ~~sëm~~?''

: ''Luën '''i''' la sem?''

: "What would you like?" (''lit.'' "Want o thou what?")

: ''Luën '''i''' sa ge luhus reosh.''

Line 323:

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===UDHR Article 1===

In Izhkut:

: "''Yalos ~~udleg'iu~~ taplia io hegrij uos khrugid io pliedu. Zre goshmis menna uos diusra io vobbis io blaid ana narro mensi uos proinid teyea.''"

: "''Yalos udlegiu taplia io hegrij uos khrugid io pliedu. Zre goshmis menna uos diusra io vobbis io blaid ana narro mensi uos proinid teyea.''"

: Standard Izhkut: [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjalos ~~udleg͜ iʊ̯~~ ˈtaplia̯ iɔ̯ ˈhegɾʲiɟ ˈuɔ̯s ˈxɾʷugið iɔ̯ ˈpliɨ̯ðu ‖ zɾe ˈgoʃmis ˈmêna uɔ̯s ˈðiʊ̯sɾa iɔ̯ ˈvôbis iɔ̯ ˈblaɪ̯ð ana ˈnâɾo ˈmensi uɔ̯s ˈpɾoɪ̯nið ˈtejea̯ ‖]]]

: Standard Izhkut: [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjalos ˈudlegiʊ̯ ˈtaplia̯ iɔ̯ ˈhegɾʲiɟ ˈuɔ̯s ˈxɾʷugið iɔ̯ ˈpliɨ̯ðu ‖ zɾe ˈgoʃmis ˈmêna uɔ̯s ˈðiʊ̯sɾa iɔ̯ ˈvôbis iɔ̯ ˈblaɪ̯ð ana ˈnâɾo ˈmensi uɔ̯s ˈpɾoɪ̯nið ˈtejea̯ ‖]]]

: General Colonial: [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjalɔs ~~udleg͜ iw~~ ˈtaplja iw ˈhegɹid͡ʒ ɔws ˈhɹʷugid iw ˈpljedu ‖ zɹe ˈgɔʃmis ˈmeːna ɔws ˈdiwsɹa iw ˈvɔːbis iw ˈblajd ana ˈnaːɹɔ ˈmensi ɔws ˈpɹɔjnid ˈteja ‖]]]

: General Colonial: [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjalɔs ˈudlegiw ˈtaplja iw ˈhegɹid͡ʒ ɔws ˈhɹʷugid iw ˈpljedu ‖ zɹe ˈgɔʃmis ˈmeːna ɔws ˈdiwsɹa iw ˈvɔːbis iw ˈblajd ana ˈnaːɹɔ ˈmensi ɔws ˈpɹɔjnid ˈteja ‖]]]

In English:

: "''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''"

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 | speakers = {{formatnum:126000000}}
 | speakers2 = {{formatnum:234000}} (L2)
-| ethnicity = Izhkut people
+| ethnicity = Izhkuts
 | date = 400 BH
 | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
@@ Line 153: / Line 153: @@
 ===Phonotactics===
-Izhkut syllables follow the rule of ''' (C) (r)V₁ (V₂) (C)''', where '''C''' represents any consonant apart from the flap, '''r''' represents the flap, '''V₁''' represents any vowel, and '''V₂''' represents any vowel that isn't identical to V₁.
+Izhkut syllables follow the rule of ''' (C) (r)V₁ (V₂) (C) (C)''', where '''C''' represents any consonant apart from the flap, '''r''' represents the flap, '''V₁''' represents any vowel, and '''V₂''' represents any vowel that isn't identical to V₁.
 ==Morphology==
 ===Articles===
@@ Line 168: / Line 168: @@
 | ''lege'' || ''leg’''
 |}
+===Adjectives===
+Izhkut adjectives are divided into class I and II. Class I include all irregular adjectives, typically common ones such as ''lun'' "good", ''ober'' "bad", and colours like ''yagav'' "black" or ''manëa'' "white". Class II adjectives are regular and are marked with specific suffixes depending on number and [[w:Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs|degree of comparison]]:
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! !! Singular !! Plural
+|-
+! Positive
+| ''-ar'' / (''Colonial'') ''-re'' || ''-id''
+|-
+! Comparative
+| ''-as'' || ''-is''
+|-
+! Superlative
+| ''-am'' || ''-anid''
+|}
+These allow derivations from nouns to form adjectives, so ''gilab'' "sand" can be inflected as so:
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! !! Singular !! Plural
+|-
+! Positive
+| ''gilab'''ar''''' / (''Colonial'') ''gilab'''re''''' "sandy" || ''gilab'''id''''' "sandy"
+|-
+! Comparative
+| ''gilab'''as''''' "sandier / more sandy" || ''gilab'''is''''' "sandier / more sandy"
+|-
+! Superlative
+| ''gilab'''am''''' "sandiest / most sandy" || ''gilab'''anid''''' "sandiest / most sandy"
+|}
+Used in a sentence:
+* ''U lege namoë '''gilabanid''' semloa?''
+** "Where are the '''sandiest''' beaches?"
+* ''Janas yutleg'iu zeu Enud Gibios ge namoë '''gilabam''', la balga u lege namoë Ingdikh '''gilabis'''.''
+** "Some people say that the Gibios Bay is the '''sandiest''' beach, but the [[Ingdikh]] beaches are actually '''sandier'''."
 ===Personal pronouns===
 {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
@@ Line 209: / Line 241: @@
 ====Vocative====
 In Mainland dialects, a vocative particle,  ''i'', is always placed before formal singular second and third person pronouns. For example:
-: ''Luën '''i''' la sëm?''
+: ''Luën '''i''' la sem?''
 : "What would you like?" (''lit.'' "Want o thou what?")
 : ''Luën '''i''' sa ge luhus reosh.''
@@ Line 323: / Line 355: @@
 ===UDHR Article 1===
 In Izhkut:
-: "''Yalos udleg'iu taplia io hegrij uos khrugid io pliedu. Zre goshmis menna uos diusra io vobbis io blaid ana narro mensi uos proinid teyea.''"
+: "''Yalos udlegiu taplia io hegrij uos khrugid io pliedu. Zre goshmis menna uos diusra io vobbis io blaid ana narro mensi uos proinid teyea.''"
-: <small>Standard Izhkut:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjalos udleg͜ iʊ̯ ˈtaplia̯ iɔ̯ ˈhegɾʲiɟ ˈuɔ̯s ˈxɾʷugið iɔ̯ ˈpliɨ̯ðu ‖ zɾe ˈgoʃmis ˈmêna uɔ̯s ˈðiʊ̯sɾa iɔ̯ ˈvôbis iɔ̯ ˈblaɪ̯ð ana ˈnâɾo ˈmensi uɔ̯s ˈpɾoɪ̯nið ˈtejea̯ ‖]]]
+: <small>Standard Izhkut:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjalos ˈudlegiʊ̯ ˈtaplia̯ iɔ̯ ˈhegɾʲiɟ ˈuɔ̯s ˈxɾʷugið iɔ̯ ˈpliɨ̯ðu ‖ zɾe ˈgoʃmis ˈmêna uɔ̯s ˈðiʊ̯sɾa iɔ̯ ˈvôbis iɔ̯ ˈblaɪ̯ð ana ˈnâɾo ˈmensi uɔ̯s ˈpɾoɪ̯nið ˈtejea̯ ‖]]]
-: <small>General Colonial:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjalɔs udleg͜ iw ˈtaplja iw ˈhegɹid͡ʒ ɔws ˈhɹʷugid iw ˈpljedu ‖ zɹe ˈgɔʃmis ˈmeːna ɔws ˈdiwsɹa iw ˈvɔːbis iw ˈblajd ana ˈnaːɹɔ ˈmensi ɔws ˈpɹɔjnid ˈteja ‖]]]
+: <small>General Colonial:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjalɔs ˈudlegiw ˈtaplja iw ˈhegɹid͡ʒ ɔws ˈhɹʷugid iw ˈpljedu ‖ zɹe ˈgɔʃmis ˈmeːna ɔws ˈdiwsɹa iw ˈvɔːbis iw ˈblajd ana ˈnaːɹɔ ˈmensi ɔws ˈpɹɔjnid ˈteja ‖]]]
 In English:
 : "''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''"