Old Kurmian: Difference between revisions

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==Introduction==
#Redirect [[Middle Wiebian]]
Old Kurmian is inspired by Old Irish.
 
==Sound changes==
AW: ie /i/ üh /y/ uh /u/ i /ɪ/ ü /ʏ/ u /ʊ/ e /ɛ/ ö /œ/ o /ɔ/ a /æ/ ei /ä/ ah /ɒ/ au /æʊ/ eu /ɔɪ/ eh /ɛɪ/ öh /œʏ/ oh /ɔʊ/ ir /iɻ/ ür /yɻ/ ur /uɻ/ er /ɛɻ/ ör /œɻ/ or /ɔɻ/ ar /äɻ/
 
æ > ja, ä > æ, ɒ > ɑ, i > ji, y > ju, u > u, ɪ > je, ʏ > wi, ʊ > o, ɛ > jə, œ > ə, ɔ > ə, æʊ > jɑ, ɔɪ > we, ɛɪ > e, œʏ > jwe, ɔʊ > əw
 
iɻ > jiɹ > jiə, yɻ > jwiə, uɻ > wə, ɛɻ/œɻ > jəw, ɔɻ > əw, äɻ > aw
 
==Phonology==
===Initials===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} initials'''
!colspan="2" |
! | Labial
! | Coronal
! | Coarticulated
! | Velar
! | Glottal
|-
!rowspan="2"| Nasal
! <small>voiceless</small>
| /m̊/
| /n̊/
| /ŋ̊!/
| (/ŋ̊/)
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| /m/
| /n/
| /ŋ!/
| /ŋ/
|
|-
!rowspan="4" | Stop
!<small>tenuis</small>
| /p/
| /t/
| /!/
| /k/
| /ʔ/
|-
!<small>aspirated</small>
| /pʰ/
| /tʰ/
| /!ʰ/
| /kʰ/
|
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| /b/
| /d/
| /g!/
| /g/
|
|-
!<small>breathy voiced</small>
| /bʱ/
| /dʱ/
| /g!ʱ/ 
| /gʱ/
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
!<small>voiceless</small>
| /f/
| /s/
| /ɧ/
| /x/
| /h/
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|
| /z/
| /ɧ̬/
| /ɣ/
|
|-
!colspan=2| Trill
|
| /r/
|
|
|
|-
!colspan=2| Approximant
| /w/, /ɥ/
| /l/
|
| /j/
|
|}
 
broad ŧ is postvelar /k̠ǃ/ while slender ŧ is prevelar /k̟ǃ/
 
===Vowels===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! &nbsp;
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! Close
| /ʲi/ /ʲiː/ /ʲʷi/ /ʲʷiː/
|
| /(ʷ)u/ /(ʷ)uː/
|-
! Close-mid
| /ʲe/ /ʲeː/ /ʷeː/ /ʲʷe/ /ʲʷeː/
|
| /ɤ/ /ɤː/ /ʷo/ /ʷoː/
|-
! Open
|
| /ʲa/ /aː/ /ʲaː/ /ʷa/ /ʲʷa/
|
|}
 
Diphthongs: /ʲia ʲʷia ua/ written <ir ibhir ur>
 
===Finals===
Permissible finals: /-p -t -k -m -n -l -w -j/
 
===Suprasegmentals===
Each syllable could have two registers: plain (''a á'') and breathy (''à â'').
 
==Grammar==
===Mutations===
*/pʰ/ <''p''> > /f/ /b/ /p/ (from AW pf)
*/b/ <''b''> > /w/ /m/ /b/
*/p/ <''sp''> > /p/ /m̊/ /p/
*/f/ <''f''> > /0/ /w/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
*/m/ <''m''> > /ṽ/ /m/ /m̊/
*/m̊/ <''sm''>
*/tʰ/ <''t''> > /θ/ /d/ /t/
*/d/ <''d''> > /ð/ /n/ /d/
*/t/ <''st''> > /t/ /n̊/ /t/
*/s/ <''z''> > /h/ /z/ /s/
*/z/ <''s''> > /0/ /z/ /z/
*/n/ <''n''> > /n/ /n/ /n̊/
*/n̊/ <''sn''>
*/l/ <''l''>
*/l̥/ <''sl''>
*/r/ <''sr''>
*/r̥/ <''sr''>
*/!ʰ/ <''ŧ''> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!/
*/g!/ <''đ''> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!/
*/!/ <''sŧ''> > /!/ /ŋ̊!/ /!/
*/ɧ/ <''sc''> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
*/ŋ!/ <''nđ''> > /ŋ!/ /ŋ!/ /ŋ̊!/ (in loanwords)
*/ŋ̊!/ <''snđ''> (in loanwords)
*/kʰ/ <''c''> > /x/ /g/ /k/
*/g/ <''g''> > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ <''n-g''> /gʰ/
*/ŋ/ <''ng''> > /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋ̊/ (in loanwords)
*/ŋ̊/ <''sng''> (in loanwords)
 
===Tenses===
*Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O
*Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O
[[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]]

Latest revision as of 22:09, 30 June 2016

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