Kesmmi: Difference between revisions

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'''Medh Nghêl''' is the lingua franca of Tumhan. It's a Finnic language with a Sindarin-like aesthetic.
'''Keˑs̠mmi''' (meaning "our language") is a divergent Finnic language, descended from Proto-Finnic. Its main source of aesthetic inspiration is Toda. It's spoken in Irta's Finland and Estonia.


<!--
It features a system of initial consonant mutations similar to Celtic languages and Biblical Hebrew.


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
üṣ, kaṣ, kwës̠m, neɬ, piˑθ, kuˑθ, sayt̠, kaθëṣ, üθëṣ, kümn, üṣtwis, kaṣtwis, kwës̠mtwis, neɬtwis, piˑtwis,  kuˑtwis, sayt̠wis, kaθëṣtwis, üθëṣtwis, kaṣkümd


I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
oyx - time
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.


-->
==Sound changes from Proto-Finnic==


==Introduction==
*Initial ''v'' becomes ''p'', as in ''pïḍ'' "stream" <- virta
*Medial ''l'' becomes alveolar retracted ''s̠'' in native vocab, as in ''kas̠'' "fish" <- kala
*Vowel shifts and umlaut: ''swïx'' "kin" <- suku, ''ïpšn'' "I studied" <- Estonian õppisin, ''söwr'' "society" ~ seura
*Begadkefat spirantization: t tt -> θ t etc.


<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
<!-- Example categories/headings:
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
-->
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
-->
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Vowels===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==


===Pronouns===
The Finnic consonant gradation isn't reflected in Kesmmi nominal morphology. Some nouns derive from Proto-Finnic nominatives while others derive from genitive or oblique cases (and there are sometimes doublets).
 
Pronouns in Medh Nghêl inflect by polarity (positive/negative). There are also copular pronouns which historically derive from contractions of pronouns with the copula, which inflect by tense (present/past) and mood (indicative/subjunctive).
 
{|
! Person !! Simple (non-copular) !!  !! Copular !!  !!  !!  !!  !!  !!  !!
|-
|  ||  ||  || indicative ||  ||  ||  || subjunctive ||  ||  ||
|-
|  || positive || negative || present ||  || past ||  || present ||  || past ||
|-
|  ||  ||  || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative
|-
| 1sg || mæ || mine || mole || minœl || moli || minœlyd || môth || minœ̂th || môthol || minœ̂thœl
|-
| 2sg || sæ || sine || sole || sinœl || soli || sinœlyd || sôth || sinœ̂th || sôthol || sinœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg animate || hæ || hæne || ho || hænœl || holi || hænœlyd || hôth || hænœ̂th || hôthol || hænœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg inanimate proximal || sê || sî || seio || seiœl || seioli || seiœlyd || seioth || seiœ̂th || seiothol || seiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg inanimate distal || tô || toe || tôo || toiol || tôoli || toiolud || tôoth || toiôth || tôothol || toiôthol
|-
| 1pl || mec || mê || molem || meiœl || molim || meiœlyd || môthim || meiœ̂th || môthimol || meiœ̂thœl
|-
| 2pl || tec || tê || tolet || teiœl || tolit || teiœlyd || tôthit || teiœ̂th || tôthitol || teiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl animate || hec || hê || hova || heiœl || holiv || heiœlyd || hôthiv || heiœ̂th || hôthivol || heiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl inanimate proximal || nêd || nede || nêdo || nêiœl || nêdoli || nêiœlyd || nêdoth || nêiœ̂th || nêdothol || nêiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl inanimate distal || nôd || node || nôdo || nôiol || nôdoli || nôiolud || nôdoth || nôiôth || nôdothol || nôiôthol
|}
 
===Verbs===
 
Verbs in Medh Nghêl have four principal parts: the infinitive stem, which ends in ''-dh'', ''-n'', ''-l'', ''-r'', or ''-th''; the present stem; the past stem; and the supine stem, which ends in ''-m''.
 
====Tenses====
 
The '''simple present''' is analogous to the English simple present. It uses the simple pronouns with the following suffixes attached to the present stem:
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
!  !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || -n || -me
|-
| 2nd person || -d || -te
|-
| 3rd person || no ending || -vad
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| no ending
|}
 
For example, here's the conjugation of ''pêth'' (to wash), which has the following stems: infinitive ''pêth'', present ''peze-'', past ''pezi-'', and supine ''pezem''.
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
! ''pêth'' !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || mæ peze'''n''' || mec peze''me''
|-
| 2nd person || sæ peze'''d''' || tec peze''te''
|-
| 3rd person || hæ peze || hec peze'''vad'''
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| mine/sine/hæne/... peze
|}
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
 
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
 
<!-- Template area -->


* käsy /kæzʲ/ "hand" (nominative)
* käsyn /kæzʲn/ (genitive)
* käsyθ /kæzʲθ/ (partitive)
* käsyṣ /kæzʲʂ/ (illative, from the Proto-Finnic translative)
* käsynnë /kæzʲnnə/ (inessive, from the Proto-Finnic essive)
* käsyd /kæzʲd/ (elative, from the Proto-Finnic exessive)
* käsylë /kæzʲlə/ (dative)
* käsyl /kæzʲl/ (adessive)
* käsyr̠ /kæzʲr̠/ (ablative)
* käsyt /kæzʲt/ (abessive)
* käsygo /kæzʲɡo/ (comitative)


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Finnic languages]]
[[Category:Uralic languages]]

Latest revision as of 09:46, 26 July 2022

Keˑs̠mmi (meaning "our language") is a divergent Finnic language, descended from Proto-Finnic. Its main source of aesthetic inspiration is Toda. It's spoken in Irta's Finland and Estonia.

It features a system of initial consonant mutations similar to Celtic languages and Biblical Hebrew.

üṣ, kaṣ, kwës̠m, neɬ, piˑθ, kuˑθ, sayt̠, kaθëṣ, üθëṣ, kümn, üṣtwis, kaṣtwis, kwës̠mtwis, neɬtwis, piˑtwis, kuˑtwis, sayt̠wis, kaθëṣtwis, üθëṣtwis, kaṣkümd

oyx - time

Sound changes from Proto-Finnic

  • Initial v becomes p, as in pïḍ "stream" <- virta
  • Medial l becomes alveolar retracted s̠ in native vocab, as in kas̠ "fish" <- kala
  • Vowel shifts and umlaut: swïx "kin" <- suku, ïpšn "I studied" <- Estonian õppisin, söwr "society" ~ seura
  • Begadkefat spirantization: t tt -> θ t etc.

Morphology

The Finnic consonant gradation isn't reflected in Kesmmi nominal morphology. Some nouns derive from Proto-Finnic nominatives while others derive from genitive or oblique cases (and there are sometimes doublets).

  • käsy /kæzʲ/ "hand" (nominative)
  • käsyn /kæzʲn/ (genitive)
  • käsyθ /kæzʲθ/ (partitive)
  • käsyṣ /kæzʲʂ/ (illative, from the Proto-Finnic translative)
  • käsynnë /kæzʲnnə/ (inessive, from the Proto-Finnic essive)
  • käsyd /kæzʲd/ (elative, from the Proto-Finnic exessive)
  • käsylë /kæzʲlə/ (dative)
  • käsyl /kæzʲl/ (adessive)
  • käsyr̠ /kæzʲr̠/ (ablative)
  • käsyt /kæzʲt/ (abessive)
  • käsygo /kæzʲɡo/ (comitative)
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