Kesmmi: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(44 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[Medh Nghêl/Lexicon|Lexicon]]
'''Keˑs̠mmi''' (meaning "our language") is a divergent Finnic language, descended from Proto-Finnic. Its main source of aesthetic inspiration is Toda. It's spoken in Irta's Finland and Estonia.


[[Medh Nghêl/qmn|Sê leth Medh Nghêle zil (This page in Medh Nghêl)]]
It features a system of initial consonant mutations similar to Celtic languages and Biblical Hebrew.


'''Medh Nghêl''' is the lingua franca of Tumhan. It's a Finnic language with a Sindarin-like aesthetic.
üṣ, kaṣ, kwës̠m, neɬ, piˑθ, kuˑθ, sayt̠, kaθëṣ, üθëṣ, kümn, üṣtwis, kaṣtwis, kwës̠mtwis, neɬtwis, piˑtwis,  kuˑtwis, sayt̠wis, kaθëṣtwis, üθëṣtwis, kaṣkümd


<!--  
oyx - time


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
==Sound changes from Proto-Finnic==


I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
*Initial ''v'' becomes ''p'', as in ''pïḍ'' "stream" <- virta
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
*Medial ''l'' becomes alveolar retracted ''s̠'' in native vocab, as in ''kas̠'' "fish" <- kala
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
*Vowel shifts and umlaut: ''swïx'' "kin" <- suku, ''ïpšn'' "I studied" <- Estonian õppisin, ''söwr'' "society" ~ seura
*Begadkefat spirantization: t tt -> θ t etc.


-->
==Introduction==
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
<!-- Example categories/headings:
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
-->
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
-->
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Vowels===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==


===Pronouns===
The Finnic consonant gradation isn't reflected in Kesmmi nominal morphology. Some nouns derive from Proto-Finnic nominatives while others derive from genitive or oblique cases (and there are sometimes doublets).
 
Pronouns in Medh Nghêl inflect by polarity (positive/negative). There are also copular pronouns which historically derive from contractions of pronouns with the copula, which inflect by tense (present/past) and mood (indicative/subjunctive).
 
{|
! Person !! Simple (non-copular) !!  !! Copular !!  !!  !!  !!  !!  !!  !!
|-
|  ||  ||  || indicative ||  ||  ||  || subjunctive ||  ||  ||
|-
|  || positive || negative || present ||  || past ||  || present ||  || past ||
|-
|  ||  ||  || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative
|-
| 1sg || mæ || mine || mole || minœl || moli || minœlyd || môth || minœ̂th || môthol || minœ̂thœl
|-
| 2sg || sæ || sine || sole || sinœl || soli || sinœlyd || sôth || sinœ̂th || sôthol || sinœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg animate || hæ || hæne || ho || hænœl || holi || hænœlyd || hôth || hænœ̂th || hôthol || hænœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg inanimate proximal || sê || sî || seio || seiœl || seioli || seiœlyd || seioth || seiœ̂th || seiothol || seiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg inanimate distal || tô || toe || tôo || toiol || tôoli || toiolud || tôoth || toiôth || tôothol || toiôthol
|-
| 1pl || mec || mê || molem || meiœl || molim || meiœlyd || môthim || meiœ̂th || môthimol || meiœ̂thœl
|-
| 2pl || tec || tê || tolet || teiœl || tolit || teiœlyd || tôthit || teiœ̂th || tôthitol || teiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl animate || hec || hê || hova || heiœl || holiv || heiœlyd || hôthiv || heiœ̂th || hôthivol || heiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl inanimate proximal || nêd || nede || nêdo || nêiœl || nêdoli || nêiœlyd || nêdoth || nêiœ̂th || nêdothol || nêiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl inanimate distal || nôd || node || nôdo || nôiol || nôdoli || nôiolud || nôdoth || nôiôth || nôdothol || nôiôthol
|}
 
===Verbs===
 
Verbs in Medh Nghêl have four principal parts: the infinitive stem, which ends in ''-dh'', ''-n'', ''-l'', ''-r'', or ''-th''; the present stem; the past stem; and the supine stem, which ends in ''-m''.
 
====Tenses====
 
=====Simple present=====
 
The simple present is analogous to the English simple present. It uses the simple pronouns with the following suffixes attached to the present stem:
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
!  !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || -n || -me
|-
| 2nd person || -d || -te
|-
| 3rd person || no ending || -vad
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| no ending
|}
 
For example, here's the conjugation of ''pêth'' (to wash), which has the following stems: infinitive ''pêth'', present ''peze-'', past ''pezi-'', and supine ''pezem''.
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
! ''pêth'' !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || mæ peze'''n''' || mec peze'''me'''
|-
| 2nd person || sæ peze'''d''' || tec peze'''te'''
|-
| 3rd person || hæ peze || hec peze'''vad'''
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| mine/sine/hæne/... peze
|}
 
=====Simple past=====
 
The simple past is analogous to the English simple past, and uses the same endings as the simple present, except attached to the past stem.
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
! ''pêth'' !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || mæ pezi'''n''' || mec pezi'''me'''
|-
| 2nd person || sæ pezi'''d''' || tec pezi'''te'''
|-
| 3rd person || hæ pezi || hec pezi'''vad'''
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| mine/sine/hæne/... pezi
|}
 
=====Perfect tenses=====
 
The present and past perfect tenses use the present and past indicative copular pronouns. The supine stem is used, with final ''-m'' replaced by ''-nud'' or ''-nyd'' depending on vowel harmony.
 
The pronouns trigger the following mutations on the verb:
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
!  !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || nasal || aspirate
|-
| 2nd person || no mutation || aspirate
|-
| 3rd person || soft || aspirate
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| soft
|}
 
Here are the perfect tenses of ''pêth'':
 
[to insert here]
 
=====Progressive tenses=====
 
The progressive tenses look the same as the perfect, except that the suffix ''-nud/nyd'' is replaced by ''-mas/mæs''.
 
The perfect progressive tenses insert the word ''olud'' between the pronoun and the verb (ending in ''-mas/mæs''). Unlike in the perfect and progressive tenses, the verb doesn't mutate.
 
[to insert conjugation of pêth]
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
 
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
 
<!-- Template area -->


* käsy /kæzʲ/ "hand" (nominative)
* käsyn /kæzʲn/ (genitive)
* käsyθ /kæzʲθ/ (partitive)
* käsyṣ /kæzʲʂ/ (illative, from the Proto-Finnic translative)
* käsynnë /kæzʲnnə/ (inessive, from the Proto-Finnic essive)
* käsyd /kæzʲd/ (elative, from the Proto-Finnic exessive)
* käsylë /kæzʲlə/ (dative)
* käsyl /kæzʲl/ (adessive)
* käsyr̠ /kæzʲr̠/ (ablative)
* käsyt /kæzʲt/ (abessive)
* käsygo /kæzʲɡo/ (comitative)


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Tumhan]]
[[Category:Finnic languages]]
[[Category:Finnic languages]]
[[Category:Uralic languages]]
[[Category:Uralic languages]]

Latest revision as of 09:46, 26 July 2022

Keˑs̠mmi (meaning "our language") is a divergent Finnic language, descended from Proto-Finnic. Its main source of aesthetic inspiration is Toda. It's spoken in Irta's Finland and Estonia.

It features a system of initial consonant mutations similar to Celtic languages and Biblical Hebrew.

üṣ, kaṣ, kwës̠m, neɬ, piˑθ, kuˑθ, sayt̠, kaθëṣ, üθëṣ, kümn, üṣtwis, kaṣtwis, kwës̠mtwis, neɬtwis, piˑtwis, kuˑtwis, sayt̠wis, kaθëṣtwis, üθëṣtwis, kaṣkümd

oyx - time

Sound changes from Proto-Finnic

  • Initial v becomes p, as in pïḍ "stream" <- virta
  • Medial l becomes alveolar retracted s̠ in native vocab, as in kas̠ "fish" <- kala
  • Vowel shifts and umlaut: swïx "kin" <- suku, ïpšn "I studied" <- Estonian õppisin, söwr "society" ~ seura
  • Begadkefat spirantization: t tt -> θ t etc.

Morphology

The Finnic consonant gradation isn't reflected in Kesmmi nominal morphology. Some nouns derive from Proto-Finnic nominatives while others derive from genitive or oblique cases (and there are sometimes doublets).

  • käsy /kæzʲ/ "hand" (nominative)
  • käsyn /kæzʲn/ (genitive)
  • käsyθ /kæzʲθ/ (partitive)
  • käsyṣ /kæzʲʂ/ (illative, from the Proto-Finnic translative)
  • käsynnë /kæzʲnnə/ (inessive, from the Proto-Finnic essive)
  • käsyd /kæzʲd/ (elative, from the Proto-Finnic exessive)
  • käsylë /kæzʲlə/ (dative)
  • käsyl /kæzʲl/ (adessive)
  • käsyr̠ /kæzʲr̠/ (ablative)
  • käsyt /kæzʲt/ (abessive)
  • käsygo /kæzʲɡo/ (comitative)
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Kesmmi&oldid=285829"