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'''Venetian Hebrew''' is a basilect of Hebrew spoken in Lõis's Northern Italy, Austria and Southern Germany.
{{List subpages}}
'''Knench''' /nɛnt͡ʃ/ (natively ''Fithid'' /ˈfi{{long}}t{{asp}}ɪð/ or ''losůnaz Fithi'') is a divergent descendant of Canaanite spoken in Lõis Great Britain. It does not lose Semitic triconsonantal morphology, but it loses older Semitic conjugated verb forms in favor of constructions using the infinitive construct. Knench is the second largest Irta British minority language after Welsh, in fact its syntax is similar to Colloquial Welsh.


<!--
Move to Spain?


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
Revamp prosody to a more Welshy one


I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
Make Ancient Knench stage a bit more like Togarmite and less Hebrew
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
* ''dobor'' [ˈðoːvʌɾ] "(literary) a thing"
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
* ''doboraz'' [ðʌˈvoːɾaz] "the thing"
* ''deberi'' [ðɛˈveːɾi] "things" (affection; plural -īm -> -i)
* ''deberimel'' [ðɛvɛˈɾiːmɛl] "the things"
* ''qhymůr'' [ˈqʰəmʉɾ] "donkey"
* ''jůno'' [ˈjyːnʌ] "a pigeon"
* ''jůnozů'' [jʉˈnoːzʉ] "the pigeon"
* ''jůnůd'' [ˈjyːnʉð] "pigeons" (Hebrew has yōnīm but let's use the f. pl. ending)
* ''jůnůdel'' [jʉˈnyːðɛl] "the pigeons"


-->
== Phonology ==
Knench phonology is complex, with underlying phonemes resulting in multiple phones depending on the phonetic environment (most importantly, stressed versus unstressed syllables; prevocalic or non-prevocalic for certain laryngeals)
=== Vowels ===
'''a e y i o u ů''' /a~aː ɛ~eː ə~ɨː ɪ~iː ʌ~o̝ː ʊ~u̟ː ʉ~yː/
 
=== Consonants ===
* (lost, not written) from Old Knench /ʔ/
* /v/ '''v''' from Old Knench /b/
* /ɣ/ '''g''' from Old Knench /g/
* /ð/ '''d''' from Old Knench /d/
* /0/ '''ḧ''' (often lost) from Old Knench /h/
* /w/ '''w''' from Old Knench /w/
* /z/ '''z''' from Old Knench /z/ (from PSem *z and ð)
* /qʰ/ '''qh''' from Old Knench /χ/ (from PSem *x and *ħ)
* /t˭/ '''t''' from Old Knench /t{{phar}}/
* /j/ '''j''' from Old Knench /j/
* /kʰ/ '''ch''' from Old Knench /k/
* /l/ '''l''' from Old Knench /l/
* /m/ '''m''' from Old Knench /m/
* /n/ '''n''' from Old Knench /n/
* /s/ '''x''' from Old Knench /ts/ (from PSem *s)
* /ʁ{{tilde}}/ '''ɣ''' from Old Knench /ʁ̃/ (from PSem *ɣ and *ʕ)
* /f/ '''f''' from Old Knench /p/
* /p˭/ '''p''' from Latin/Romance /p/
* /t{{tiebar}}s˭| '''ç''' from Old Knench /tsˁ/ (from PSem *s{{cdb}}, *ś{{cdb}}, and *θ{{cdb}})
* /k˭/ '''c''' from Old Knench /q/
* /ɾ/ '''r''' from Old Knench /r/
* /s{{ret}}/ '''s''' from Old Knench /s{{ret}}/ (from PSem *š, *ś, and *θ)
* /tʰ/ '''th''' from Old Knench /t/
 
'''qh''' is shifting to /x~h/ in Modern Knench.
 
=== Mutation ===


==Introduction==
== Morphology ==
=== Pronouns ===
* 1sg: ''i'' (after consonant), ''ni'' (after vowel)
* 2sg.m: ''tho''; ''-cho tho'' (after prepositions)
* 2sg.f: ''thy''; ''-chyth'' (after prepositions)
* 3sg.m: ''ůj'' (< -ů + ḧi), ''-u/-ů''
* 3sg.f: ''oj'' (< -o/-oh/-ho + ḧi)
* 1pl: ''nu''
* 2pl: ''thym''; ''-chym thym, -chythym'' (after prepositions)
* 3pl: <i>'m</i>


<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
=== Verbs ===
The lexical verb is usually in the infinitive form in Knench:


<!-- Example categories/headings:  
: ''Re ni byl chilo laqhm.'' (PRES 1SG PROG eat bread) 'I eat/am eating bread.'
: ''Re ni by chilo i tha laqhm.'' (PRES 1SG PROG eat 1SG FA bread) '(archaic) I eat/am eating bread.'
: ''Chilo laqhmaz!'' 'Eat the bread! (both sg and pl)'


Goals
Knench verbs can be from inherited infinitive construct forms (the binyanim are fɣul, yfeɣyl, ythfeɣyl, feɣyl, efɣyl, ysthefɣyl) or from noun patterns.
Setting
Inspiration


-->
==Sample texts==<!--
=== Schleicher ===
''Yn kavš w' yn frasi''


<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
''Kavš ly žė lė fė žamry ly jar frasi: hað γor maȝrevt šgul, hað mol hemly kvur, wy hað mol vennės vy fiz. Yn kavš mar: "Mrur li yn lev, oryn nėk wyrė vennės wyrkav frasi." Yn frasi mar: "Ažen, kavš! Mrur lanė yn lev oryn nan wyrė žinė: vennės, ym vol, woši lið afau mylvast mum me žamry lyn kavš. Wy lėš lyn kavš it žamry." Oryn yn kavš smaȝ žinė, hu mnaȝ lið yn šðe.''
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:


Vowel inventory
Old Tog.:
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation


-->
''An xabše wan φarasīn''
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
m p b f w n t tt d th dh s z ń q j qq x sh y ng k g kk kh h l r


''Χabše, žė lė hawė čamre lawh, φarasīn yarʔe: yagōr ʔaħād marχabaθ šakūlaθ, wa-yaħmōl ʔaħād ħemle χabūr, wa-yaħmōl ʔaħād ħaφīzan ʔinės. Yāmār an χabše: Mār lī an lēb, bi-riʔėθī ʔinės rėχib φarasīn. Yāmārū an φarasīn: Sumaʕ an χabše! Mār lanė an lēb bi-riʔėθinė žīnė: ʔinės an baʕle yaʕšē lawh malbasaθ ħamūmaθ mēn čamre an χabšīn. Wa-lėš len-χabše čamre. Bi-šimėʕ an χabše žīnė, yamnāȝ ʔilė an šadi.''


Allophonic palatalization occurs before /i/ or /j/. ng k g kk kh palatalize to ń q j qq x.
Hebrew:


===Vowels===
{{rtl|הכבש והסוסים}}
a e i o u ø = /a e i o u ə/


===Prosody===
{{rtl|כבש שלא היה לו צמר ראה סוסים: אחד גרר עגלה כבדה, אחד נשא עומס גדול, ואחד נשא בן אדם וזז מהר. אמר הכבש: "כואב לי לראות איך בן אדם רוכב סוסים." אמרו הסוסים: "הקשב, כבש, כואב לנו לראות זאת: בן אדם, האדון, עושה לעצמו בגד חמים מצמרו של הכבש. ולכבש אין צמר." לאחר ששמע זאת, ברח הכבש לתוך המישור.}}
====Stress====
====Intonation====


===Phonotactics===
===Lysėn Tėrmi, lysėn tlul===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
* ''Hað arž, rav arži; hað γalt, rav γalti!''
===Morphophonology===
* ''Jaumyn nėk wyktav, amsyn nėk yktøv; jaumyn nėk wydȝam, amsyn nėk ydȝøm! ''
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
===A biology abstract===


Nouns
''Nan wymðøð yn tyγlim efgarjodeg metycrer lyn irišt TSP3 in ''Vruchorjon sbonerču''. TSP3 wygaðeg ginas nahelan rėkes ly brødezenjon, mygėma vym migrosbørelada gødognėji lyn rivosøm bosadeðeg, wy kahus ly TSP3 rahivyn ma'man ly fėt ym mojan ly garčin gøvothrødeg. In tyktøvt žinė nan wystyðrek wyngad tyvhin kyli-ȝywur Rɪᴄᴇʀ-Jᴀʟɪɴꜱᴋɪ, žė rykės TSP3 lið yn ȝakuvan følochrøpsenas wygrė (p = 0.04) nyn øbodreløma ly gød ''Vrukorjon'' slim møran ety'yfusi aðenodoksen nyhut. Ly tymacu žinė vė fėt ramuzi mø'avjunė lið yn ðrės ly ðesglørøma sømvrøchi.''
Adjectives
Verbs
Adverbs
Particles
Derivational morphology


We measure the nucleating eukaryotic folding of the TSP3 gene in ''Bruchorium sponercii''. TSP3 encodes a protezine-binding receptor kinase located at the cytotubular microsporellata of the quanticular ribosome, and malfunction of TSP3 is commonly believed to be the source of cybothrotic cancer. In this paper we prove using a Rɪᴇᴛᴢᴇʀ-Yᴀʟɪɴꜱᴋʏ double-blind test that TSP3 binding to the phyllochrypsinase inhibitor occurs (p = 0.04) in the hypotrellome of a healthy ''Bruchorium'' cell when adenotoxin concentrations are low. This research will have significant implications for the study of symbrychous descloroma.
-->
-->
===Nouns===
===Newton's laws of motion===
Nouns are either masculine or feminine, and inflect for number.
''I: Re gif byl sbuth by demi, ylů by qhufuz bal-mystheny, chim força b acço ɣaju.''
 
I: An object stays at rest, or at a constant speed, unless a force acts on it.
 
''II: Re senůdaz ly momentaz ly gif by mathcini lid forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaj gifaz; u re senůdaz by crůd darchom cůaz thecin as forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaju.''


køfor, køfori (m) = village, villages
II: The change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force applied to the body; and the change occurs along the straight line on which that force is applied.


bakkbøkk, bakkbøqq (m) = bottle, bottles
''III: Jes ly chul acço tha reacço sowo u nyh{{umlaut}}focho.''


gøfø, gøføth (f) = corpse, corpses
III: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
<!--
===O how quickly the sculpture of life===
<poem>
''O! Kma fizit ym myglaȝ ly heiwėt''
''Šaver in demaša zydarder!''
''Ym mγilut lym malk ȝlėn trøn lau''
''Vė klilit γruf ðak vy γali jam.''
''Atøm, žė watė mancavta hė,''
''Ȝavry hen yn Ylėh lawani ȝlėn arž.''
''Køl lanė møðawan ȝal ym barkisi lanė;''
''Hamnė wyhėv lið yn ȝni, w' aγatheržijėt lið hajðuð.''


==Syntax==
O how quickly the sculpture of life
===Constituent order===
Shattered into tiny fragments!
===Noun phrase===
The splendor of the king on his throne
===Verb phrase===
Is completely swept away by sea-waves.
===Sentence phrase===
Ye who come hither stationed here,
===Dependent clauses===
By the grace of God ye are guests on earth.
<!-- etc. etc. -->
All of us are judged according to our actions;
Let us give to the needy, and do charity towards one another.
</poem>


==Example texts==
===Warming Up To You===
==Other resources==
<poem>
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
'''Wetyhmem liðak'''
Kenak at vė mėt in klėt,
Nėk wyrtyvec nym mimut lak,
Ym mimut žė azė'en yn hagranut,
Yn ȝyli lyn jeðȝy;
Yn γant žė lak stul in žinė ryvuȝ aðmyt
Wy žė at vė nyžėr lið ðėr wy ðėr.
</poem>


<!-- Template area -->
===Stairway To Heaven===
<poem>
'''Maȝlyt lið yn Symeinit'''
Iš volt žė hi šur
Køl žė nėher že žahav
Wy hi wyzvan maȝlyt lið yn symeinit
</poem>


===UDHR===
''Køl nės mewølað rur w' is in akšobrebja wy žykawi. Høm møtyhanan by ložegi wy syniðisi wy høvu barkus lið hajðuð vyn ruh l'ahwut.''


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
-->
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Semitic languages]]
[[Category:Semitic languages]]

Latest revision as of 12:49, 17 May 2026

Pages with the prefix 'Knench' in the and 'Talk' namespaces:

Talk:

Knench /nɛnt͡ʃ/ (natively Fithid /ˈfiːtʰɪð/ or losůnaz Fithi) is a divergent descendant of Canaanite spoken in Lõis Great Britain. It does not lose Semitic triconsonantal morphology, but it loses older Semitic conjugated verb forms in favor of constructions using the infinitive construct. Knench is the second largest Irta British minority language after Welsh, in fact its syntax is similar to Colloquial Welsh.

Move to Spain?

Revamp prosody to a more Welshy one

Make Ancient Knench stage a bit more like Togarmite and less Hebrew

  • dobor [ˈðoːvʌɾ] "(literary) a thing"
  • doboraz [ðʌˈvoːɾaz] "the thing"
  • deberi [ðɛˈveːɾi] "things" (affection; plural -īm -> -i)
  • deberimel [ðɛvɛˈɾiːmɛl] "the things"
  • qhymůr [ˈqʰəmʉɾ] "donkey"
  • jůno [ˈjyːnʌ] "a pigeon"
  • jůnozů [jʉˈnoːzʉ] "the pigeon"
  • jůnůd [ˈjyːnʉð] "pigeons" (Hebrew has yōnīm but let's use the f. pl. ending)
  • jůnůdel [jʉˈnyːðɛl] "the pigeons"

Phonology

Knench phonology is complex, with underlying phonemes resulting in multiple phones depending on the phonetic environment (most importantly, stressed versus unstressed syllables; prevocalic or non-prevocalic for certain laryngeals)

Vowels

a e y i o u ů /a~aː ɛ~eː ə~ɨː ɪ~iː ʌ~o̝ː ʊ~u̟ː ʉ~yː/

Consonants

  • (lost, not written) from Old Knench /ʔ/
  • /v/ v from Old Knench /b/
  • /ɣ/ g from Old Knench /g/
  • /ð/ d from Old Knench /d/
  • /0/ ḧ (often lost) from Old Knench /h/
  • /w/ w from Old Knench /w/
  • /z/ z from Old Knench /z/ (from PSem *z and ð)
  • /qʰ/ qh from Old Knench /χ/ (from PSem *x and *ħ)
  • /t˭/ t from Old Knench /tˁ/
  • /j/ j from Old Knench /j/
  • /kʰ/ ch from Old Knench /k/
  • /l/ l from Old Knench /l/
  • /m/ m from Old Knench /m/
  • /n/ n from Old Knench /n/
  • /s/ x from Old Knench /ts/ (from PSem *s)
  • /ʁ̃/ ɣ from Old Knench /ʁ̃/ (from PSem *ɣ and *ʕ)
  • /f/ f from Old Knench /p/
  • /p˭/ p from Latin/Romance /p/
  • /t͡s˭| ç from Old Knench /tsˁ/ (from PSem *ṣ, *ṣ́, and *θ̣)
  • /k˭/ c from Old Knench /q/
  • /ɾ/ r from Old Knench /r/
  • /s̠/ s from Old Knench /s̠/ (from PSem *š, *ś, and *θ)
  • /tʰ/ th from Old Knench /t/

qh is shifting to /x~h/ in Modern Knench.

Mutation

Morphology

Pronouns

  • 1sg: i (after consonant), ni (after vowel)
  • 2sg.m: tho; -cho tho (after prepositions)
  • 2sg.f: thy; -chyth (after prepositions)
  • 3sg.m: ůj (< -ů + ḧi), -u/-ů
  • 3sg.f: oj (< -o/-oh/-ho + ḧi)
  • 1pl: nu
  • 2pl: thym; -chym thym, -chythym (after prepositions)
  • 3pl: 'm

Verbs

The lexical verb is usually in the infinitive form in Knench:

Re ni byl chilo laqhm. (PRES 1SG PROG eat bread) 'I eat/am eating bread.'
Re ni by chilo i tha laqhm. (PRES 1SG PROG eat 1SG FA bread) '(archaic) I eat/am eating bread.'
Chilo laqhmaz! 'Eat the bread! (both sg and pl)'

Knench verbs can be from inherited infinitive construct forms (the binyanim are fɣul, yfeɣyl, ythfeɣyl, feɣyl, efɣyl, ysthefɣyl) or from noun patterns.

Sample texts

Newton's laws of motion

I: Re gif byl sbuth by demi, ylů by qhufuz bal-mystheny, chim força b acço ɣaju.

I: An object stays at rest, or at a constant speed, unless a force acts on it.

II: Re senůdaz ly momentaz ly gif by mathcini lid forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaj gifaz; u re senůdaz by crůd darchom cůaz thecin as forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaju.

II: The change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force applied to the body; and the change occurs along the straight line on which that force is applied.

III: Jes ly chul acço tha reacço sowo u nyḧfocho.

III: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

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