Hapát Maihivu: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(142 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Times New Roman''' is an ancient language of Cuadhlabh, intended to have a "dark Elvish" aesthetic.
'''Hapát Maihivu''' ('our language') is a [[Verse:Tricin/Chunda Capeto|Capetan]] language intended to have a Sami, Latin, and Arabic aesthetic.


Consonants: /m n p t k s h v l r j/ {{angbr|'''m n p t k s h v l r y'''}}
TODO: use a more Sami aesthetic


Vowels: /a i u aː iː uː ai au/ {{angbr|'''a i u á í ú ai au'''}}
Consonants: /m n ŋ p t k s v l r j h/ {{angbr|'''m n ŋ p t k s v l r y h'''}}
 
Vowels: /a i u aː iː uː/ {{angbr|'''a i u á í ú'''}}


Allowed geminates: /mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr/ {{angbr|'''mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr'''}}
Allowed geminates: /mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr/ {{angbr|'''mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr'''}}


Allowed clusters: /mp mpp nt ntt nk nkk ns nv nj ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv lj rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv rj/ {{angbr|'''mp mpp nt ntt nk nkk ns nv ny ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv ly rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv ry'''}}
Allowed clusters: /mp mpp nt ntt ŋk ŋkk ns nv nj ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv lj rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv rj hj hv ht/ {{angbr|'''mp mpp nt ntt ŋk ŋkk ns nv ny ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv ly rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv ry hy hv ht'''}}
 
Allowed word-final consonants: /t n r/


1: már
1: már
2: allu
2: allu
3: tarvuli
3: arvu
4: issili
4: issi
5: úpali
5: úpa
6: vinírili
6: viníri
7: minkúli
7: miŋku
8: tajúsali
8: tahúsa
9: hilkámuli
9: hilkámu
10: altupuvassín
10: altuvatut
11: mártupuvassìn
11: mártuvatut
12: tupuva
12: tuva
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
! |
!  |Labial
!  |Alveolar
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Glottal
|-
! |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|
|-
! |Plosive
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
|rowspan="2"|'''k''' /k/
|
|-
! |Fricative
|
| '''s''' /s/
|
 
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! |Approximant
| '''v''' /ʋ/
| '''l''' /l/
| '''y''' /j/
|
|
|-
! |Trill
|
| '''r''' /r/
|
|
|
|}
 
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
|+ '''Vowel phonemes'''
! rowspan="2" style=""|
! colspan="2" style="" |Front
! colspan="2" style="" |Central
! colspan="2" style="" |Back
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''í''' /iː/
|
|
| '''u''' /u/
| '''ú''' /uː/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /a/
| '''á''' /aː/
|
|
|}
 
===Gradation===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 1000px; text-align: center;"
|-
!Strong grade
|''p''||''t''||''k''||''CC''||''nCC''||''lCC''||''rCC''||''mp''||''nt''||''ŋk''||''lp''||''lt''||''lk''||''rp''||''rt''||''rk''
|-
!Weak grade
|''v''||''l''||''Ø''||''C''||''nC''||''lC''||''rC''||''mm''||''nn''||''ŋŋ''||''lv''||''ll''||''ly''||''rv''||''rr''||''ry''
|}
 
==Morphology==
Below, [S] = strong-grade stem, [W] = weak-grade stem.
===Nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| ''luki, luinna'' - human
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Absolutive
|''[S]''||''[W]-nna''
|-
!|Ergative
|''[S]-a''||''[W]-ntá''
|-
!|Genitive
|''[S]-at''||''[W]-ntát''
|-
!|Dative
|''[S]-r''||''[W]-ntar''
|-
!|Adessive
|''[W]-tur''||''[W]-nnatur''
|-
!|Ablative
|''[W]-tut''||''[W]-nnatut''
|-
!|Inessive
|''[W]-mur''||''[W]-nnamur''
|-
!|Elative
|''[W]-mut''||''[W]-nnamut''
|}


*pl: -sa
*abs: -0
*erg: -a? -r?
*gen: -at or -t


Personal endings:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="3"| ''luki, luinna'' - human
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Absolutive
|''luki''||''luinna''
|-
!|Ergative
|''lukia''||''luintá''
|-
!|Genitive
|''lukiat''||''luintát''
|-
!|Dative
|''lukir''||''luintar''
|-
!|Adessive
|''luitur''||''luinnatur''
|-
!|Ablative
|''luitut''||''luinnatut''
|-
!|Inessive
|''luimur''||''luinnamur''
|-
!|Elative
|''luimut''||''luinnamut''
|}


1sg: -ín
===Verbs===
nuntakan, nuntaki, nuntat, nuntakapak, nuntakka, nuntakat, nuntakur


2sg: -ái
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|+ Present tense suffixes
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|[S] + ''-:n''
|[S] + ''-:va''
|-
!|2
|[S] + ''-:i'' (''*-íi'' > ''-í'')
|[S] + ''-:ka''
|-
!|3
|[W] + ''-t''
|[W] + ''-at''
|-
!|impersonal
|colspan="2"|[S] + ''-:r''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|+ ''nuntana'' 'to protect'
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|''nuntán''
|''nuntáva''
|-
!|2
|''nuntái''
|''nuntáka''
|-
!|3
|''nunnat''
|''nunnát''
|-
!|impersonal
|colspan="2"|''nuntár''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
|+ ''sákkina'' 'to love'
|-
!style="width: 50px; "|
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural
|-
!|1
|''sákkín''
|''sákkíva''
|-
!|2
|''sákkí''
|''sákkíka''
|-
!|3
|''sákit''
|''sákiat''
|-
!|impersonal
|colspan="2"|''sákkír''
|}
{{col-end}}


3sg: -at
Nouns from verbs: ''-vu''


===Pronouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Declension of personal pronouns
! !! 1sg !! 2sg || 1pl || 2pl
|-
!|Absolutive
|''án'' || ''hí'' || ''hapa'' || ''hakki''
|-
!|Ergative
|''anna'' || ''unna'' || ''hapá'' || ''hakkia''
|-
!|Genitive
|''anat'' || ''unat'' || ''hapát'' || ''hakkiat''
|-
!|Adessive
|''antur'' || ''untur'' || ''havatur'' || ''hakitur''
|-
!|Ablative
|''antut'' || ''untut'' || ''havatut'' || ''hakitut''
|-
!|Inessive
|''ammur'' || ''ummur'' || ''havamur'' || ''hakimur''
|-
!|Elative
|''ammut'' || ''ummut'' || ''havamut'' || ''hakimut''
|}


3rd person/demonstratives?


*''-ain-'' = antipassive?
==Syntax==
Times New Roman is consistently head-final.


:''Nunttivái! Mi Dong Bin Choi laissukan.''
:'''''Sákivuat si kirvavuat urkka maihín.''
:[nunt:iva:i | mi tuŋgubi:n sui lais:uxa:t]
:''I speak of love and hate.''
:(lit. May you be protected! I am called Dong Bin Choi.)


:'''''Antur pihtar yanakúi?'''''
:''Are you saving it for me?''


[[Category:Times New Roman]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
[[Category:Times New Roman]][[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 16:22, 17 March 2022

Hapát Maihivu ('our language') is a Capetan language intended to have a Sami, Latin, and Arabic aesthetic.

TODO: use a more Sami aesthetic

Consonants: /m n ŋ p t k s v l r j h/ ⟨m n ŋ p t k s v l r y h⟩

Vowels: /a i u aː iː uː/ ⟨a i u á í ú⟩

Allowed geminates: /mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr/ ⟨mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr⟩

Allowed clusters: /mp mpp nt ntt ŋk ŋkk ns nv nj ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv lj rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv rj hj hv ht/ ⟨mp mpp nt ntt ŋk ŋkk ns nv ny ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv ly rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv ry hy hv ht⟩

1: már 2: allu 3: arvu 4: issi 5: úpa 6: viníri 7: miŋku 8: tahúsa 9: hilkámu 10: altuvatut 11: mártuvatut 12: tuva

Phonology

Consonants

Hapát Maihivu consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive p /p/ t /t/ k /k/
Fricative s /s/ h /h/
Approximant v /ʋ/ l /l/ y /j/
Trill r /r/

Vowels

Vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
short long short long short long
Close i /i/ í /iː/ u /u/ ú /uː/
Open a /a/ á /aː/

Gradation

Strong grade p t k CC nCC lCC rCC mp nt ŋk lp lt lk rp rt rk
Weak grade v l Ø C nC lC rC mm nn ŋŋ lv ll ly rv rr ry

Morphology

Below, [S] = strong-grade stem, [W] = weak-grade stem.

Nouns

luki, luinna - human
Singular Plural
Absolutive [S] [W]-nna
Ergative [S]-a [W]-ntá
Genitive [S]-at [W]-ntát
Dative [S]-r [W]-ntar
Adessive [W]-tur [W]-nnatur
Ablative [W]-tut [W]-nnatut
Inessive [W]-mur [W]-nnamur
Elative [W]-mut [W]-nnamut


luki, luinna - human
Singular Plural
Absolutive luki luinna
Ergative lukia luintá
Genitive lukiat luintát
Dative lukir luintar
Adessive luitur luinnatur
Ablative luitut luinnatut
Inessive luimur luinnamur
Elative luimut luinnamut

Verbs

nuntakan, nuntaki, nuntat, nuntakapak, nuntakka, nuntakat, nuntakur

Present tense suffixes
Singular Plural
1 [S] + -:n [S] + -:va
2 [S] + -:i (*-íi > -í) [S] + -:ka
3 [W] + -t [W] + -at
impersonal [S] + -:r

nuntana 'to protect'
Singular Plural
1 nuntán nuntáva
2 nuntái nuntáka
3 nunnat nunnát
impersonal nuntár

sákkina 'to love'
Singular Plural
1 sákkín sákkíva
2 sákkí sákkíka
3 sákit sákiat
impersonal sákkír


Nouns from verbs: -vu

Pronouns

Declension of personal pronouns
1sg 2sg 1pl 2pl
Absolutive án hí hapa hakki
Ergative anna unna hapá hakkia
Genitive anat unat hapát hakkiat
Adessive antur untur havatur hakitur
Ablative antut untut havatut hakitut
Inessive ammur ummur havamur hakimur
Elative ammut ummut havamut hakimut

3rd person/demonstratives?

Syntax

Times New Roman is consistently head-final.

Sákivuat si kirvavuat urkka maihín.
I speak of love and hate.
Antur pihtar yanakúi?
Are you saving it for me?
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Hapát_Maihivu&oldid=264066"