User:Frrurtu/Sandbox: Difference between revisions

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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Although the specific realizations vary, all major dialects of Rttirri distinguish the same consonant phonemes.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
!  |
!  |Labial
!  |Alveolar
!  |Retroflex
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Glottal
|-
|-
! Nasal
!rowspan="2"|
| '''m''' /m/
!colspan="2"|Labial
| '''n''' /n/
!colspan="2"|Alveolar
| '''rn''' /ɳ/
!colspan="2"|Palatal
| '''ny''' /ɲ/
!rowspan="2"|Retroflex
|  
!colspan="2"|Velar
|  
!rowspan="2"|Uvular
|-
!Plain
!Lab.
!Plain
!Lab.
!Plain
!Lab.
!Plain
!Lab.
|-
|-
! Plosive
! Plosive
| '''p''' /p/
| '''pʼ''' /pˤ/<br>'''p''' /p/<br>'''b''' /b/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''pwʼ''' /pʷˤ/<br>'''pw''' /pʷ/<br>'''bw''' /bʷ/
| '''rt''' /ʈ/
| '''tt''' /tʼ/<br>'''tʼ''' /tˤ/<br>'''t''' /t/<br>'''d''' /d/
| '''ty''' /c/
| '''ttw''' /tʷʼ/<br>'''twʼ''' /tʷˤ/<br>'''tw''' /tʷ/<br>'''dw''' /dʷ/
| '''k''' /k/
|
| '''hh''' /ʔ/
|
|-
|
! Ejective
| '''kk''' /kʼ/<br>'''g''' /g/
| '''pp''' /pʼ/
| '''kkw''' /kʷʼ/<br>'''gw''' /gʷ/
| '''tt''' /tʼ/
| '''rtt''' /ʈʼ/
| '''tty''' /cʼ/
| '''kk''' /kʼ/
|  
|  
|-
|-
! Fricative
! Fricative
| '''f''' /f/
| '''f''' /f/<br>'''v''' /v/<br>'''vʼ''' /vˤ/
| '''s''' /ʃ/
|
| '''rs''' /ʂ/
| '''s''' /s/<br>'''z''' /z/
| '''sy''' /ç/
|
| '''sh''' /ʃ/<br>'''zh''' /ʒ/<br>'''zhʼ''' /ʒˤ/
|
|
| '''kh''' /x/<br>'''gh''' /ɣ/
|
|  
|  
| '''h''' /h/
|-
|-
! Affricate
! Affricate
|  
|  
| '''ch''' /t͡ʃ/
|
| '''tts''' /t͡sʼ/<br>'''ts''' /t͡s/<br>'''dz''' /d͡z/
| '''ttsw''' /t͡sʷʼ/<br>'''tsw''' /t͡sʷ/<br>'''dzw''' /d͡zʷ/
| '''cch''' /t͡ʃʼ/<br>'''ch''' /t͡ʃ/<br>'''jʼ''' /d͡ʒ/<br>'''j''' /d͡ʒˤ/
| '''cchw''' /t͡ʃʷʼ/<br>'''chw''' /t͡ʃʷ/<br>'''jwʼ''' /d͡ʒʷ/<br>'''jw''' /d͡ʒʷˤ/
|
|  
|  
|
|  
|  
|-
! Lateral
|  
|  
|
| '''l''' /l/<br>'''hl''' /ɬ/<br>'''lj''' /ɮ/<br>'''ljʼ''' /ɮˤ/
|
|  
|  
|-
! Approximant
| '''w''' /w/
|  
|  
| '''rr''' /ɻ/
| '''y''' /j/
|  
|  
|  
|  
|
|
|-
|-
! Flap
! Rhotic
|
|  
|  
|
|
|
|
| '''r''' /ʐ/
|  
|  
| '''r''' /ɽ/
|
| '''rr''' /ʀ/
|-
! Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''mw''' /mʷ/
|  
|  
|  
|  
|
|
|
| '''ng''' /ŋ/<br>'''ngʼ''' /ŋˤ/
| '''ngw''' /ŋʷ/<br>'''ngwʼ''' /ŋʷˤ/
|  
|  
|}
|}
In addition, the consonants '''l''' /l/ and '''kh''' /x/ are used in loanwords.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Modern Standard Rttirri has a four-vowel inventory.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; border-spacing: 20px;"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! |
! |
! Front
! Front
! Central
! Near-back
! Back
! Back
|-
|-
! High
! High
| '''i''' /i/
| '''i''' /i/<br>'''ui''' /y/
| '''u''' /u/
| '''ie''' /ɨ/
|
|
|-
! Near-high
|
|
| '''u''' /ʊ/
|
|-
! High-mid
| '''e''' /e/
|
|
| '''o''' /o/
|-
|-
! Mid
! Low-mid
| '''e''' /ø/
| '''oe''' /œ/
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! Low
! Low
|  
|  
| '''a''' /ɑ/
|
|
| '''a''' /ɑ/<br>'''ao''' /ɒ/
|}
|}
In addition, the mid vowels '''e''' /e/ and '''o''' /o/ are used in loanwords.


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Modern Standard Rttirri does not allow final consonants, and the only initial clusters allowable are of the following form: ('''f s sy''') + ('''m n r rr'''). There are no geminate consonants.
Stress falls on the first syllable.
 
No dialects of Rttirri distinguish vowel length, but the following diphthongs are allowed: '''ai au ei eu ui iu'''.
 
==Dialectology==
Rttirri has many regional dialects.
 
===Modern Standard Rttirri===
The modern standard variant of the language is not spoken natively by many native Rttirrians, except those from highly educated and wealthy families, but it is widely used in news broadcasts and automated recordings such as those on subway systems - in this respect, it occupies a similar niche to that of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received%20Pronunciation Received Pronunciation] in the UK. It is characterized by the following features:
 
*
 
===Eastern Rttirri===
Eastern Rttirri is spoken in much of the eastern half of the country, from the border with Myanmar to Fukanucha and eastern Kikai. This area of the country, centered on the capital city of Iharnara, is known for its large immigrant communities, decaying industry, high crime, and shrinking population, comparable to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust%20Belt Rust Belt] of the United States. Eastern Rttirri, which is considered the most innovative dialect, is characterized by the following features:
 
*
 
===Western Rttirri===
Western Rttirri is used in most of the western half of Rttirria, from western Kikai to the beaches of Hima. This area of the country, centered on Rttirria's largest city, Efunari, is wealthier, more ethnically homogeneous, and increasingly culturally relevant. However, in recent decades the dialect has also begun to creep up to the sparsely populated north of Rttirria. The dialect's high cultural prestige and the rapid growth of the northern city of Tettufane (many of whose residents are from Hima or the Efunari area), are starting to solidify Tettufane as a Western Rttirri-speaking city. Western Rttirri is characterized by the following features:


*
Syllable structure is maximally CVN. There may only be one pharyngealized, ejective, or labialized consonant per root, although more may be added to a single word through compounding and affixation.


===Northern Rttirri===
==Grammar==
Spoken only by rural and isolated communities in northern Rttirria, this dialect is being crowded out by the influence of Western Rttirri. One of the most conservative dialects, it is characterized by the following features:


*
===Nouns===


===Rseperupu Rttirri===
===Syntax===
Localized to the small island province of Rseperupu, off the coast of western Rttirria, Rseperupu Rttirri is characterized by the following features:


*
==See also==


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Latest revision as of 01:39, 28 March 2017


Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Retroflex Velar Uvular
Plain Lab. Plain Lab. Plain Lab. Plain Lab.
Plosive pʼ /pˤ/
p /p/
b /b/ 		pwʼ /pʷˤ/
pw /pʷ/
bw /bʷ/ 		tt /tʼ/
tʼ /tˤ/
t /t/
d /d/ 		ttw /tʷʼ/
twʼ /tʷˤ/
tw /tʷ/
dw /dʷ/ 		kk /kʼ/
g /g/ 		kkw /kʷʼ/
gw /gʷ/
Fricative f /f/
v /v/
vʼ /vˤ/ 		s /s/
z /z/ 		sh /ʃ/
zh /ʒ/
zhʼ /ʒˤ/ 		kh /x/
gh /ɣ/
Affricate tts /t͡sʼ/
ts /t͡s/
dz /d͡z/ 		ttsw /t͡sʷʼ/
tsw /t͡sʷ/
dzw /d͡zʷ/ 		cch /t͡ʃʼ/
ch /t͡ʃ/
jʼ /d͡ʒ/
j /d͡ʒˤ/ 		cchw /t͡ʃʷʼ/
chw /t͡ʃʷ/
jwʼ /d͡ʒʷ/
jw /d͡ʒʷˤ/
Lateral l /l/
hl /ɬ/
lj /ɮ/
ljʼ /ɮˤ/
Rhotic r /ʐ/ rr /ʀ/
Nasal m /m/ mw /mʷ/ ng /ŋ/
ngʼ /ŋˤ/ 		ngw /ŋʷ/
ngwʼ /ŋʷˤ/

Vowels

Front Central Near-back Back
High i /i/
ui /y/ 		ie /ɨ/
Near-high u /ʊ/
High-mid e /e/ o /o/
Low-mid oe /œ/
Low a /ɑ/
ao /ɒ/

Phonotactics

Stress falls on the first syllable.

Syllable structure is maximally CVN. There may only be one pharyngealized, ejective, or labialized consonant per root, although more may be added to a single word through compounding and affixation.

Grammar

Nouns

Syntax

See also

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