Kwenya Greek: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(112 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Kwenya''' (''Κοινη'') is a Finnic-influenced Hellenic language.
'''Kwenya''' (''kwenyá'', κοινή) is a Hellenic language spoken in Irta.
 
1-10: ir (m)/mia (f)/eon (n), dwi, trir (m/f)/tria (n), teottareol, peonta, eosta, eowta, ohta, eonnaa, deoka
11-20: eondyutru, dwidyutru, tridyutru, tettareodyutru, peontadyutru, eostadyutru, ... ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second, two of the second, ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...)
100: eokaton
1000: khilaa
 
<!--
 
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
 
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
 
-->


==Introduction==
==Introduction==


<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
== Diachronics ==
 
=== Proto-Kwenya ===
<!-- Example categories/headings:
Essentially OTL's Koine Greek, η οι = /e{{raised}} ø/
 
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
 
-->
 
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:


Vowel inventory
=== Old Kwenya ===
Consonant inventory
η ω → iə uə
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation


-->
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
*μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ/ (γκ γχ = /ŋk ŋkʰ/)
*μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ:/ (γκ γχ = /ŋ: ŋkʰ/)
*π τ κ = /p t k/
*π τ κ = /p t k/
*β δ = /b d/
*β δ = /β{{lowered}} ð{{lowered}}/
*φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
*φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
*σ γ = /s h/
*σ γ = /s h/
*ζ = /z/
*ζ = /z/
*ϝ ρ λ = /w r l/
*ϝ ρ/ς λ = /w ɾ l/


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja u e i we u/
α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja wa e i ju ja jo we ɨ/ {{angbr|a ë i o wi ya wa e i yu ya yo we u}}


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====
Always initial stress


====Intonation====
====Intonation====
Line 64: Line 34:
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
nom/acc/gen/voc + Finnic-style cases. No articles or gender due to Finnic influence.
Kwenya nouns have the following template:
 
STEM-case.number-(possessive suffix)


Principal parts: nominative, accusative, genitive, vocative singular; nominative, accusative, genitive plural
Kwenya lost gender.
====Cases====


====Possessive suffixes====
γλώσσαμου, γλώσσασου, γλώσσατου, γλώσσαμων, γλώσσασων, γλώσσατων = my language, ...
===Adjectives===
Adjectives have an attributive form and predicative forms that agree by number, animacy and gender. They also have past tense and imperative forms like verbs. also -wir, -ia, -wi < ύς-εία-ύ‎
{{col-begin}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''γλωσσα'' 'tongue, language' (1st decl.)
|+ καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); present tense
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
!|male
|''γλωσσα''||''γλωσσαι''
|καλος<br/>kalor
|rowspan=2|καλοι<br/>kale
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
!|female
|''γλωσσα!''||''γλωσσαι!''
|καλη<br/>kalya
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
!|inanimate
|''γλωσσαν''||''γλωσσαρ''
|καλον<br/>kalon||καλα<br/>kala
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
!|attributive
|''γλωσσαρ'' ||''γλωσσων''
|colspan="2"|καλ(ο)-<br/>kal(o)-
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); past tense
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''γλωσσανειρ'' ||''γλωσσαρειρ''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
!|male
|''γλωσσανδο'' ||''γλωσσωνενδο''
|καλοςων<br/>kalorun
|rowspan=2|καλοντες<br/>kalontër
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}}
!|female
|''γλωσσαξε'' ||''γλωσσωνεξε''
|καληρα<br/>kalyara
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}}
!|inanimate
|''γλωσσαρειτ'' ||''γλωσσωνειτ''
|καλονον<br/>kalonon||καλαντα<br/>kalanta
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}}
!|attributive
|''γλωσσαβαι'' ||''γλωσσωμβαι''
|colspan="2"|καλομοντ<br/>kalomont
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ καλος 'good' (1st decl.); imperative
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''γλωσσαμπο'' ||''γλωσσαπο''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}}
!|active
|''γλωσσαδω'' ||''γλωσσωνδω''
|καλοστι!<br/>kalosti!||καλοστε!<br/>kalostë!
|-
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}}
|''γλωσσαπρε'' ||''γλωσσωμπρε''
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
|''γλωσσανειν'' ||''γλωσσαρειν''
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
|''γλωσσαρχω'' ||''γλωσσωγχω''
|-
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}}
|''γλωσσαρμε'' ||''γλωσσωμμε''
|}
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''οικορ'' 'house' (2nd decl. m.)
|+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.)
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
!|male
|''οικορ''||''οικοι''
|ευγενης<br/>yuhënyar
|rowspan=2|ευγενεις<br/>yuhënir
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
!|female
|''οικε!''||''οικοι!''
|ευγενης<br/>yuhënyar
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
!|inanimate
|''οικον''||''οικουρ''
|ευγενες<br/>yuhënër||ευγενη<br/>yuhënya
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
!|attributive
|''οικου'' ||''οικων''
|colspan="2"|ευγεν(ο)-<br/>yuhën(o)-
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.); past tense
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''οικονειρ'' ||''οικουρειρ''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
!|male
|''οικουνδο'' ||''οικωνενδο''
|ευγενηςων<br/>yuhënyarun
|rowspan=2|ευγενειντες<br/>yuhënintër
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}}
!|female
|''οικουξε'' ||''οικοωνεξε''
|ευγενηςα<br/>yuhënyara
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}}
!|inanimate
|''οικουειτ'' ||''οικωνειτ''
|ευγενεςον<br/>yuhënëron||ευγενηντα<br/>yuhënyanta
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}}
!|attributive
|''οικουβαι'' ||''οικωμβαι''
|colspan="2"|ευγενομοντ<br/>yuhënomont
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); imperative
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''οικομπο'' ||''οικουπο''
|-
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}}
|''οικουδω'' ||''οικωνδω''
|-
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}}
|''οικουπρε'' ||''οικωμπρε''
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
|''οικονειν'' ||''οικουρειν''
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
|''οικουχω'' ||''οικωγχω''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}}
!|active
|''οικουμε'' ||''οικωμμε''
|ευγενοστι!<br/>yuhënosti!||ευγενοστε!<br/>yuhënostë!
|}
|}
{{col-end}}
===Verbs===
Two voices: active, passive
Principal parts: present stem, past stem
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''δωρον'' 'gift' (2nd decl. n.)
|+ φαγων 'eat' - present active
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
!|male
|''δωρον''||''δωρα''
|φαγων<br/>phahun
|rowspan=2|φαγοντες<br/>phahontër
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
!|female
|''δωρον!''||''δωρα!''
|φαγουςα<br/>phahũra
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
!|inanimate
|''δωρον''||''δωρα''
|φαγον<br/>phahon||φαγοντα<br/>phahonta
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
!|attributive
|''δωρου'' ||''δωρων''
|colspan="2"|φαγοντ<br/>phahont
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ φαγων 'eat' - past active
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''δωρονειρ'' ||''δωραειρ''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
!|male
|''δωρουνδο'' ||''δωρωνενδο''
|φαγας<br/>phahar
|rowspan=2|φαγαντες<br/>phahantër
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}}
!|female
|''δωρουξε'' ||''δωρωνεξε''
|φαγαςα<br/>phahara
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}}
!|inanimate
|''δωρουειτ'' ||''δωρωνειτ''
|φαγαν<br/>phahan||φαγαντα<br/>phahanta
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}}
!|attributive
|''δωρουβαι'' ||''δωρωμβαι''
|colspan="2"|φαγας<br/>phahar
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ φαγων 'eat' - imperative active
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''δωρομπο'' ||''δωραπο''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}}
!|active
|''δωρουδω'' ||''δωρωνδω''
|φαγε!<br/>phahë!||φαγετε!<br/>phahëtë!
|-
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}}
|''δωρουπρε'' ||''δωρωμπρε''
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
|''δωρονειν'' ||''δωραειν''
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
|''δωρουχω'' ||''δωρωγχω''
|-
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}}
|''δωρουμε'' ||''δωρωμμε''
|}
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''πολιρ'' 'city' (3nd decl. m./f.)
|+ φαγων 'eat' - present passive
|-
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}}
!|male
|''πολιρ''||''πολερ''
|φαγομενος<br/>phahomënor
|rowspan=2|φαγομενοι<br/>phahomëne
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}}
!|female
|''πολι!''||''πολερ!''
|φαγομενη<br/>phahomënya
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}}
!|inanimate
|''πολιν''||''πολερ''
|φαγομενον<br/>phahomënon||φαγομενα<br/>phahomëna
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}}
!|attributive
|''πολιωρ'' ||''πολιων''
|colspan="2"|φαγομεν<br/>phahomën
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ φαγων 'eat' - past passive
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''πολινειρ'' ||''πολερειρ''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}}
!|male
|''πολιωνδο'' ||''πολιωνενδο''
|φαγομενοςων<br/>phahamënorun
|rowspan=2|φαγαμενοντες<br/>phahamënontër
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}}
!|female
|''πολιωξε'' ||''πολιωνεξε''
|φαγομενηςα<br/>phahamënyara
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}}
!|inanimate
|''πολιωρειτ'' ||''πολιωνειτ''
|φαγαμενονον<br/>phahamënonon||φαγαμεναντα<br/>phahamënanta
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}}
!|attributive
|''πολιωβαι'' ||''πολιωμβαι''
|colspan="2"|φαγομενομοντ<br/>phahomënomont
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ φαγων 'eat' - imperative passive
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}}
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|''πολιμπο'' ||''πολεπο''
|-
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}}
|''πολιωδω'' ||''πολιωνδω''
|-
|-
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}}
!|active
|''πολιωπρε'' ||''πολιωμπρε''
|φαγομεστι!<br/>phahomësti!||φαγομεστε!<br/>phahomëstë!
|-
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}}
|''πολινειν'' ||''πολερειν''
|-
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}}
|''πολιωχω'' ||''πολιωγχω''
|-
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}}
|''πολιωμε'' ||''πολιωμμε''
|}
|}
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}


===Adjectives===
===Numbers===
3 genders, only nom/voc/acc/gen
All numbers are indeclinable:
 
1-10: ën, dwi, trya, tëttar, pënta, ëksa, ëpta, ohta, ënnya, dëka
 
11-20: ëndyutrũ, dwidyutru, ..., ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second [ten], two of the second [ten], ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...)
 
100: ëkaton


===Verbs===
1000: khilya
Simplified to look like Finnic


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
The unmarked word order is SOV, genitive-noun, adjective noun, noun-relative clause, noun-adposition.
Kwenya syntax is similar to Finnish.


===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===

Latest revision as of 14:21, 11 March 2023

Kwenya (kwenyá, κοινή) is a Hellenic language spoken in Irta.

Introduction

Diachronics

Proto-Kwenya

Essentially OTL's Koine Greek, η οι = /e̝ ø/

Old Kwenya

η ω → iə uə

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

  • μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ:/ (γκ γχ = /ŋ: ŋkʰ/)
  • π τ κ = /p t k/
  • β δ = /β̞ ð̞/
  • φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
  • σ γ = /s h/
  • ζ = /z/
  • ϝ ρ/ς λ = /w ɾ l/

Vowels

α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja wa e i ju ja jo we ɨ/ ⟨a ë i o wi ya wa e i yu ya yo we u⟩

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Kwenya nouns have the following template: 

STEM-case.number-(possessive suffix)

Kwenya lost gender.

Cases

Possessive suffixes

γλώσσαμου, γλώσσασου, γλώσσατου, γλώσσαμων, γλώσσασων, γλώσσατων = my language, ...

Adjectives

Adjectives have an attributive form and predicative forms that agree by number, animacy and gender. They also have past tense and imperative forms like verbs. also -wir, -ia, -wi < ύς-εία-ύ‎

καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); present tense
Singular Plural
male καλος
kalor 		καλοι
kale
female καλη
kalya
inanimate καλον
kalon		 καλα
kala
attributive καλ(ο)-
kal(o)-


καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); past tense
Singular Plural
male καλοςων
kalorun 		καλοντες
kalontër
female καληρα
kalyara
inanimate καλονον
kalonon		 καλαντα
kalanta
attributive καλομοντ
kalomont


καλος 'good' (1st decl.); imperative
Singular Plural
active καλοστι!
kalosti!		 καλοστε!
kalostë!

ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.)
Singular Plural
male ευγενης
yuhënyar 		ευγενεις
yuhënir
female ευγενης
yuhënyar
inanimate ευγενες
yuhënër		 ευγενη
yuhënya
attributive ευγεν(ο)-
yuhën(o)-


ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.); past tense
Singular Plural
male ευγενηςων
yuhënyarun 		ευγενειντες
yuhënintër
female ευγενηςα
yuhënyara
inanimate ευγενεςον
yuhënëron		 ευγενηντα
yuhënyanta
attributive ευγενομοντ
yuhënomont


ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); imperative
Singular Plural
active ευγενοστι!
yuhënosti!		 ευγενοστε!
yuhënostë!


Verbs

Two voices: active, passive

Principal parts: present stem, past stem

φαγων 'eat' - present active
Singular Plural
male φαγων
phahun 		φαγοντες
phahontër
female φαγουςα
phahũra
inanimate φαγον
phahon		 φαγοντα
phahonta
attributive φαγοντ
phahont


φαγων 'eat' - past active
Singular Plural
male φαγας
phahar 		φαγαντες
phahantër
female φαγαςα
phahara
inanimate φαγαν
phahan		 φαγαντα
phahanta
attributive φαγας
phahar


φαγων 'eat' - imperative active
Singular Plural
active φαγε!
phahë!		 φαγετε!
phahëtë!


φαγων 'eat' - present passive
Singular Plural
male φαγομενος
phahomënor 		φαγομενοι
phahomëne
female φαγομενη
phahomënya
inanimate φαγομενον
phahomënon		 φαγομενα
phahomëna
attributive φαγομεν
phahomën


φαγων 'eat' - past passive
Singular Plural
male φαγομενοςων
phahamënorun 		φαγαμενοντες
phahamënontër
female φαγομενηςα
phahamënyara
inanimate φαγαμενονον
phahamënonon		 φαγαμεναντα
phahamënanta
attributive φαγομενομοντ
phahomënomont


φαγων 'eat' - imperative passive
Singular Plural
active φαγομεστι!
phahomësti!		 φαγομεστε!
phahomëstë!


Numbers

All numbers are indeclinable:

1-10: ën, dwi, trya, tëttar, pënta, ëksa, ëpta, ohta, ënnya, dëka

11-20: ëndyutrũ, dwidyutru, ..., ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second [ten], two of the second [ten], ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...)

100: ëkaton

1000: khilya

Syntax

Constituent order

Kwenya syntax is similar to Finnish.

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Kwenya_Greek&oldid=297788"