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| '''Netagin''' (''barīts Natāgīn'') is a triconsonantal language inspired by Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic, spoken in Western Cuadhlabh. This page describes Ancient Netagin.
| | =Ancient literature= |
| ==Todo==
| | *Ancient Talmic, Windermere etc. epics |
| *final -ʔ to block initial seimhiu in descendants | | *Tracts describing religious rituals such as hand-washing |
| *need more binyanim (~ 10 like Arabic) | | *Sondmoridh Manuscripts |
| *passive binyanim? | | *The Ngăthoar |
| *''yarifi'' = wheel
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| *''bīlan'' = woman
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| *''mufgōrin'' = castle
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| *''qabatxōt'' = alligator
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| *Imperatives? Moods/seq of tenses? | |
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| ===Roots=== | | =Gweats literature= |
| *''n-t-g'': ???
| | =Fnüeng literature= |
| *''r-s-d'': study
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| *''z-ʔ-r'': go
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| *''k-d-d'': fly
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| *''w-r-š'': love
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| *''b-n-š'': hide
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|
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| ==Phonology== | | =Classical Period literature= |
| ===Ancient Netagin===
| | *Emisom Grouid's translations and poetry |
| Ancient Netagin had the following consonants (note no /l/!):
| | *Lesch Mltzhyphe's tragedies |
| | *Etsoj Jopah's poetry |
| | *Alice in Wonderland/Proto-Hofstadterian stuff |
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| m n ŋ
| | =Romantic literature= |
| tʰ t kʰ k ʔ
| | *Industrial revolution, some of its harms |
| b d g
| | **Two opposing camps: one favors returning to preindustrial society and one favors more tech and social development to fix problems |
| f s ts ɬ tɬ ʃ ħ h
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| z ʕ
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| w r j
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|
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| {{angbr|'''m n ŋ t ṭ k q ʔ b d g f s ts x tx š ħ h z ȝ w r y'''}}
| | ==Horror and science fiction== |
| | | In Talma, horror literature first took off in Amphir during the Romantic period and its literary influence spread to Skella and Fyxoom, which developed it into Lovecraft-esque science fiction literature. Horror literature also greatly influenced [[Verse:Tricin/Talma/Music|Talman classical music]] during the late Romantic period. |
| The following vowels were used:
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| <poem> | | <poem> |
| i iː u uː | | hm, i would picture a lovecraftian romance to have the romance be... consuming, destructive, the world falling around it |
| a aː oː
| | like an occultist gone mad but the relationship they have with their god is more... personal |
| aj aw
| | if i want to be "literary" i could easily imagine consuming romance as related here to like, consuming forbidden nowledge |
| </poem> | | </poem> |
|
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|
| {{angbr|'''i ī u ū a ā ō ay aw'''}}
| | ===Figures=== |
| | | *'''Hyjad Orphair''' was a late Romantic author who is best known for her enormously successful ''Jyndychouis'' cycle of horror + romance novels. It was made into a ''vylám'' (opera) ''Jyndychouis'' by the Amphirese composer Propanol Mochraid, the best known of the late Talman Romantic ''vylám''s. |
| Stress is marked with an acute accent.
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| | |
| ===Old Netagin=== | |
| Begadkefat: /t k b d g/ > /θ x v ð ɣ/ after a V
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| Vowels go through Tiberian Hebrew-ish changes
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| ===Modern Netagin===
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| ==Morphology==
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| ===Nouns and adjectives===
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| ====Gender and number====
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| Three numbers: sg, du/col, pl
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| Four genders: masculine, feminine, terrestrial, aquatic (inspired by Valyrian)
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| absolute, construct, possessed forms
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| Definite article: ha-(gemination)
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ Noun and adjective endings
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | Singulative !! colspan="2" | Dual-collective !! colspan="2" | Plurative
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct
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| |-
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| !Masculine
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| ||''-i''||''-∅''||''-ūʔ''||''-ū''||''-āʔ''||''-ā''
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| |-
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| !Feminine
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| ||''-an''||''-ā''||''-ōnūʔ''||''-ōnū''||''-ōnāʔ''||''-ōnā''
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| |-
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| !Terrestrial
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| ||''-in''||''-ay''||''-ayyūʔ''||''-ayyū''||''-ayyāʔ''||''-ayyā''
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| |-
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| !Aquatic
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| ||''-ōti, -ti''||''-at, -t''||''-(a)tūʔ''||''-(a)tū''||''-(a)tāʔ''||''-(a)tā''
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| |}
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| For example, below are the declensions of ''yarifi'' (m.) = 'wheel'; ''bīlan'' (f.) = 'woman, wife'; ''mufgōrin'' (t.) = 'castle'; ''qabatxōt'' (a.) = 'alligator':
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| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |+ Sample nouns
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | Singulative !! colspan="2" | Dual-collective !! colspan="2" | Plurative
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct
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| |-
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| !Masculine
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| ||''yarifi''||''yarif''||''yarifūʔ''||''yarifū''||''yarifāʔ''||''yarifā''
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| |-
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| !Feminine
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| ||''bīlan''||''bīlā''||''bīlōnūʔ''||''bīlōnū''||''bīlōnāʔ''||''bīlōnā''
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| |-
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| !Terrestrial
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| ||''mufgōrin''||''mufgōray''||''mufgōrayyūʔ''||''mufgōrayyū''||''mufgōrayyāʔ''||''mufgōrayyā''
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| |-
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| !Aquatic
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| ||''qabatxōti''||''qabatxat''||''qabatxtūʔ''||''qabatxtū''||''qabatxtāʔ''||''qabatxtā''
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| |}
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| ====Possessive suffixes====
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| {{col-begin}}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+Masculine singular nouns
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''yarifiki'' || ''yarifikū'' || ''yarifikā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''yarifini'' || ''yarifinū'' || ''yarifinā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''yarifihi'' || ''yarifihū'' || ''yarifihā''
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| |}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+Feminine singular nouns
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''bilāki'' || ''bilākū'' || ''bilākā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''bilāni'' || ''bilānū'' || ''bilānā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''bilāhi'' || ''bilāhū'' || ''bilāhā''
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| |}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+Terrestrial singular nouns
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''mufgōrayki'' || ''mufgōraykū'' || ''mufgōraykā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''mufgōrayni'' || ''mufgōraynū'' || ''mufgōraynā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''mufgōrayhi'' || ''mufgōrayhū'' || ''mufgōrayhā''
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| |}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+Aquatic singular nouns
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''qabatxatiki'' || ''qabatxatikū'' || ''qabatxatikā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''qabatxatini'' || ''qabatxatinū'' || ''qabatxatinā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''qabatxatihi'' || ''qabatxatihū'' || ''qabatxatihā''
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| |}
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| {{col-end}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+Dual-collective nouns
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''yarifūki'' || ''yarifūkū'' || ''yarifūkā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''yarifūni'' || ''yarifūnū'' || ''yarifūnā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''yarifūhi'' || ''yarifūhū'' || ''yarifūhā''
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+Plural nouns
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''yarifāki'' || ''yarifākū'' || ''yarifākā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''yarifāni'' || ''yarifānū'' || ''yarifānā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''yarifāhi'' || ''yarifāhū'' || ''yarifāhā''
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| |}
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| ===Pronouns===
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |
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| ! colspan="3" | First person !! colspan="3" | Second person !! colspan="3" | Third person
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| |-
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| ! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural
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| |-
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| !Independent
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| ||''ʔakti''||''ʔakkū''||''ʔakkā''||''ʔanni''||''ʔannū''||''ʔannā''||''hini (m)''<br/>''hinan (f)''<br/>''hinn (t)''<br/>''hitti (a)''||''hinnū''||''hinnā''
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| |-
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| !Clitic
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| ||''-ki''||''-kū''||''-kā''||''-ni''||''-nū''||''-nā''||''-hi''||''-hū''||''-hā''
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| |}
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| ===Verbs===
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| Netagin verbs, perhaps similarly to those of [[w:Biblical Hebrew|Biblical Hebrew]], mark aspect and person, but not tense. Non-concatenative morphology figures prominently in conjugation for valence and TAM, much like in Semitic and Proto-Indo-European. However, verbs can also be derived via derivational "mishqalim" patterns (with considerable overlap with nominal patterns).
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| ====Primary stems====
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| *Binyan 1 verbs are verbs denoting intransitive actions ("come"), as well as stative verbs ("be cold"). It is often considered the most basic form. The difference between adjectives and stative verbs is roughly equivalent to the ''ser-estar'' distinction.
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| *Binyan 2 contains most monotransitive verbs, ("eat") including causativizations of Binyan 1 verbs ("make happy"). Can also have a telic (desired outcome was reached) meaning.
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| *Binyan 3 consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken").
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| *Binyan 4 contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Binyan 2 and Binyan 3 verbs). Causatives of statives in the imperfective aspect may denote active maintenance of a state (as opposed to changing a state in the perfective aspect).
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| ! Binyan !! Imperfective !! Perfective !! Participle !! Action noun
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''1a2a3'' || ''-i12a3'' || ''1ō2i3'' || ''1a2ī3i''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''1u2u3'' || ''-u1a2ːō3'' || ''mu1a2ːī3'' || ''1a2ːī3āʔ''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''ʔa12ī<sup>1</sup>3'' || ''-uni12i3'' || ''mi1ːū2ā3'' || ''ʔa12u3ti''
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| |-
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| ! 4
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| | ''ʔa12a3'' || ''-i1ːi2u3'' || ''ma12a3'' || ''ʔa12a3āʔ''
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| |-
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| ! 5
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| | ''ta12u3'' || ''-uta12i3'' || ''muta12i3'' || ''ta12ō3āʔ''
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| |-
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| ! 6
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| | ''ʔiš1a2a3'' || ''-uš1i2u3'' || ''muš1i2u3'' || ''ʔiš1a2u3t''
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| |}
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| <sup>1</sup> Shortens to ''i'' when a suffix is added.
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| The ''participle'' is an agent noun or an adjective. Adverbializing it yields manner of action "as if to X".
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| The ''action noun'' ({{sc|axn}}) or ''gerund'' is used in action noun constructions, which are of the form SUBJECT-{{sc|gen}} AXN OBJECT-{{sc|acc}}. It is of importance in forming relative clauses, for Netagin does not have a relativizer.
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| ====Affixes====
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| {{col-begin}}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+Present tense affixes
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''-ti'' || ''-tū'' || ''-tā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''-an'' || ''-nū'' || ''-nā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''-∅'' || ''-ū'' || ''-ā''
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| |}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+''ʔabnaš'' 'steal'
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''ʔabnašti'' || ''ʔabnaštū'' || ''ʔabnaštā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''ʔabnašan'' || ''ʔabnašnū'' || ''ʔabnašnā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''ʔabnaš'' || ''ʔabnašū'' || ''ʔabnašā''
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| |}
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| {{col-end}}
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| {{col-begin}}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+Past tense affixes
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''t-'' || ''t-ū'' || ''t-ā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''n-'' || ''n-ū'' || ''n-ā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''h-'' || ''h-ū'' || ''h-ā''
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| |}
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| {{col-break}}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
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| |+''ʔabnaš'' 'steal'
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| |-
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| ! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1
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| | ''tibbinuš'' || ''tibbinušū'' || ''tibbinušā''
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| |-
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| ! 2
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| | ''nibbinuš'' || ''nibbinušū'' || ''nibbinušā''
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| |-
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| ! 3
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| | ''hibbinuš'' || ''hibbinušū'' || ''hibbinušā''
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| |}
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| {{col-end}}
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| ==Syntax==
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| Ancient Netagin is almost completely head-initial; the unmarked word order is VSO.
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| :'''''Waraštini.''
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| :''I love you.''
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|
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| [[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Netagin]]
| | =Modern literature= |
| | ==Science fiction== |