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'''Tsrovesh''' or '''Tzrovesh''' is a language of Southern Etalocin, inspired by Hebrew and Georgian.
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator =
|name = {{SUBPAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''Bri<sup>B2-</sup> dreabh<sup>C0+</sup>''
|pronunciation=
|setting = [[Verse:Mwail]]
|region =
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|fam1=[[Verse:Mwail/Keric languages|Keric]]
|iso3=
|official=
|notice=IPA
}}


Most Clotrician linguists classify it as an isolate.
'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (Standard Bri: ''Bri<sup>B2-</sup> dreabh<sup>C0+</sup>'' /ʙʲi<sup>B2-</sup> r̝aw<sup>C0+</sup>/) was the classical language of Mwail British Isles, belonging to the Keric family. By the year 4000, Bri served exclusively as a religious, ceremonial, and poetic language rather than a spoken one; it was a monosyllabic tonal language, with 24 tones realized via 24 different cantillation melodies.


<!--  
The native Bri script is a right-to-left logography (lines of text go from up to down).


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
== Phonology of Standard Bri ==
This describes the phonology taught as Standard Bri in the late 4th millennium. (It could be thought of as analogous to Tiberian Hebrew in the history of Hebrew.)
=== Initials ===
(The first member of each pair indicates a broad initial, the second a slender one)
* Null: '''0''' /ʔ j/
* Stops: '''b''' /pˠ pʲ/ '''d''' /t̪ˠ tʲ/ '''g''' /k kʲ/
* Trills: '''br''' /ʙˠ ʙʲ/ '''dr''' /rˠ r̝/ '''gr''' /ʀ ʀʲ/
* Nasals: '''m''' /mˠ mʲ/ '''n''' /n̪ˠ nʲ/ '''ng''' /ŋ ŋʲ/
* Nasal trills: '''mbr''' /ⁿʙˠ ⁿʙʲ/ '''ndr''' /ⁿrˠ ⁿr̝/ '''ngr''' /ⁿʀ ⁿʀʲ/
* Approximants: '''zh''' /ɻ ʐ/


I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
=== Rimes ===
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
Nuclei: /a e i o u ə/ '''a/ea ae/e aoi/i o/eo u/iu w/iw''' (The first member of each pair indicates a broad initial, the second a slender one)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.


-->
Finals: 0 '''bh dh gh''' /0 w ð{{lowered}}ˠ j/
==Introduction==


<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
=== Tones ===
The following lists the native names of the 24 tones/cantillation tropes:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Native names of tones
!|Proto-Keric initial phonation
!|Deuterechesis
!A (null or resonant coda)
!B (glottal stop coda)
!C (fricative coda)
!D (voiceless stop coda)
|-
!rowspan=2|Glottalized (0)
!| Voiceless (-)
| ''dridh<sup>A0-</sup>''
| ''bae<sup>B0-</sup>''
| ''zhea<sup>C0-</sup>''
| ''gogh<sup>D0-</sup>''
|-
!| Voiced (+)
| ''mbraoi<sup>A0+</sup>''
| ''driwdh<sup>B0+</sup>''
| ''ndreo<sup>C0+</sup>''
| ''dwgh<sup>D0+</sup>''
|-
!rowspan=2|Modal (1)
!| Voiceless (-)
| ''eodh<sup>A1-</sup>''
| ''aoidh<sup>B1-</sup>''
| ''zhiu<sup>C1-</sup>''
| ''grugh<sup>D1-</sup>''
|-
!| Voiced (+)
| ''mea<sup>A1+</sup>''
| ''zhobh<sup>B1+</sup>''
| ''nebh<sup>C1+</sup>''
| ''gaedh<sup>D1+</sup>''
|-
!rowspan=2|Breathy (2)
!| Voiceless (-)
| ''gw<sup>A2-</sup>''
| ''bragh<sup>B2-</sup>''
| ''dre<sup>C2-</sup>''
| ''dabh<sup>D2-</sup>''
|-
!| Voiced (+)
| ''ngeadh<sup>A2+</sup>''
| ''begh<sup>B2+</sup>''
| ''gaoibh<sup>C2+</sup>''
| ''ndredh<sup>D2+</sup>''
|}


<!-- Example categories/headings:
==== Notes on terminology ====
Standard Bri has undergone three tone splits (or tonogeneses if one would view it that way):
# The first tone split (no tone to 3 tones) was based on Proto-Bri initial phonation which was largely predictable from the Proto-Ker initial phonation.
# The second tone split (3 tones to 12 tones) was based on Proto-Ker final type.
# The third tone split (12 tones to 24 tones) was based on the initial phonation distinction that had arisen after prenasalized initials became voiced ones.


Goals
In English, we have chosen to term the initial phonation that conditioned the second initial phonation-based tone split (which caused Bri to double its number of tones from a 12-tone stage) as ''deuterechesis'' (from Greek δεύτερος 'second' + ἤχησις 'sounding', because the latter word uses the root Greek uses for 'voiced' and 'voiceless' as in voiced and voiceless stops). For deuterechesis, voiceless consonants are denoted - and voiced ones are denoted +.
Setting
Inspiration


-->
== Grammar ==
 
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
 
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
 
-->
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
 
Tsrovesh is most commonly written with the Thensarian alphabet.
 
===Consonants===
 
The consonants are the same as in Israeli Hebrew, plus ''ch'' /tʃ/, ''dz'' /dz/, ''zh'' /ʒ/ and ''dj'' /dʒ/.
 
===Vowels===
 
The vowels are the same as in Israeli Hebrew or Georgian.
 
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
 
===Phonotactics===
 
Tsrovesh phonology is slightly less restrictive than Israeli Hebrew but much more so than Georgian. As in both languages, initial consonant clusters appear frequently in Tsrovesh, for example:
 
* ''Tsrovesh'' (the name of the language)
* ''ldag'' (door)
* ''shmer'' (man)
* ''tsnakhat'' (dream)
* ''gzin'' (to shine)
* ''vlo'' (to live)
* ''lvar'' (to play)
* ''tmezhov'' (to find)
* ''tkeshet'' (regardless)
* ''shvili'' (for me)
 
Medial consonant clusters are also common:
 
* ''ertma'' (spider)
* ''detkvisi'' (limestone)
* ''opkhram'' (reed)
 
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
Nouns have 6 cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental, and locative.
 
===Verbs===
The present, past and future tenses are ''be-'', ''ki-'' and ''sa-'' respectively. The present tense is also used as a timeless tense.
 
'''''Kimezhov ma-shmer la-detkvisi.'''''
 
PAST-find NOM.DEF-man ACC.DEF limestone
 
''The man who found the limestone.''
 
Verbs do not inflect for person but they do inflect for number (except for the copula): the plural suffix is ''-eba''.
 
The negative suffix is ''-tso'', and when fused with the plural it becomes ''-sia''. The negative form of the copula is ''tso'', which is the same in the plural.
 
Participial forms are used in the perfect and progressive aspects.
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
 
Tsrovesh sentence structure is VSO and head-final, except for complementizer phrases and prepositional phrases. Tsrovesh is not zero-copula; the word for 'to live' is used as a copula. Word order is strict, and topicalization occurs with the suffix ''-eti''.
 
===Noun phrase===
 
The adjective comes before the noun in Tsrovesh:
 
''ha udvanit ertma'' = the happy spider
 
(udvanit = happy, ertma = spider)
 
But relative clauses are placed after the noun:
 
''ertma, li-ves ha-shmer kikhaven'' = spider who the man killed
 
===Verb phrase===
 
===Sentence phrase===
====Conjunctions====
''et'' = and
 
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
==Numbers==
azar, kin, tvagi, lutsmi, chorti, mevti, ushkni, voherbi, adorgi, ktela, ktela azareb, ktela kineb, ktela tvagib, ktela lutsmib, ...
 
20 = ktela mekin
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
 
<!-- Template area -->
 
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 09:17, 29 June 2025

Bri
BriB2- dreabhC0+
SettingVerse:Mwail
Keric
  • Bri
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Bri (Standard Bri: BriB2- dreabhC0+ /ʙʲiB2- r̝awC0+/) was the classical language of Mwail British Isles, belonging to the Keric family. By the year 4000, Bri served exclusively as a religious, ceremonial, and poetic language rather than a spoken one; it was a monosyllabic tonal language, with 24 tones realized via 24 different cantillation melodies.

The native Bri script is a right-to-left logography (lines of text go from up to down).

Phonology of Standard Bri

This describes the phonology taught as Standard Bri in the late 4th millennium. (It could be thought of as analogous to Tiberian Hebrew in the history of Hebrew.)

Initials

(The first member of each pair indicates a broad initial, the second a slender one)

  • Null: 0 /ʔ j/
  • Stops: b /pˠ pʲ/ d /t̪ˠ tʲ/ g /k kʲ/
  • Trills: br /ʙˠ ʙʲ/ dr /rˠ r̝/ gr /ʀ ʀʲ/
  • Nasals: m /mˠ mʲ/ n /n̪ˠ nʲ/ ng /ŋ ŋʲ/
  • Nasal trills: mbr /ⁿʙˠ ⁿʙʲ/ ndr /ⁿrˠ ⁿr̝/ ngr /ⁿʀ ⁿʀʲ/
  • Approximants: zh /ɻ ʐ/

Rimes

Nuclei: /a e i o u ə/ a/ea ae/e aoi/i o/eo u/iu w/iw (The first member of each pair indicates a broad initial, the second a slender one)

Finals: 0 bh dh gh /0 w ð̞ˠ j/

Tones

The following lists the native names of the 24 tones/cantillation tropes:

Native names of tones
Proto-Keric initial phonation Deuterechesis A (null or resonant coda) B (glottal stop coda) C (fricative coda) D (voiceless stop coda)
Glottalized (0) Voiceless (-) dridhA0- baeB0- zheaC0- goghD0-
Voiced (+) mbraoiA0+ driwdhB0+ ndreoC0+ dwghD0+
Modal (1) Voiceless (-) eodhA1- aoidhB1- zhiuC1- grughD1-
Voiced (+) meaA1+ zhobhB1+ nebhC1+ gaedhD1+
Breathy (2) Voiceless (-) gwA2- braghB2- dreC2- dabhD2-
Voiced (+) ngeadhA2+ beghB2+ gaoibhC2+ ndredhD2+

Notes on terminology

Standard Bri has undergone three tone splits (or tonogeneses if one would view it that way):

  1. The first tone split (no tone to 3 tones) was based on Proto-Bri initial phonation which was largely predictable from the Proto-Ker initial phonation.
  2. The second tone split (3 tones to 12 tones) was based on Proto-Ker final type.
  3. The third tone split (12 tones to 24 tones) was based on the initial phonation distinction that had arisen after prenasalized initials became voiced ones.

In English, we have chosen to term the initial phonation that conditioned the second initial phonation-based tone split (which caused Bri to double its number of tones from a 12-tone stage) as deuterechesis (from Greek δεύτερος 'second' + ἤχησις 'sounding', because the latter word uses the root Greek uses for 'voiced' and 'voiceless' as in voiced and voiceless stops). For deuterechesis, voiceless consonants are denoted - and voiced ones are denoted +.

Grammar

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