Eadlan/Older draft/Netagic: Difference between revisions
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''' | The '''Netagic languages''' are a subbranch of the [[Idavic]] family that includes [[Netagin]]. They are inspired by Uralic. | ||
PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
*Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j | |||
*Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə ə̣ o ọ u ụ /i ɪ e ɛ æ ɑ ɨ ɤ~ʌ o ɔ u ʊ/ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a u i o ɨ; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR like glottalization > uvularization in arabic) | |||
**PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə | |||
*ATR/RTR harmony; ATR i e a ə o u vs RTR ị ẹ ạ ə̣ ọ ụ | |||
*Initial stress modulo prefixes | |||
q forces RTR harmony in roots and merges with k | |||
==Morphology== | |||
Netagic lost the Proto-Idavic antisegolate CCVC ablaut grade. | |||
===Pronouns=== | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender. | |||
====Cases==== | |||
Netagic merged the four Proto-Idavic cases to three: | |||
*nominative | |||
*accusative | |||
*genitive | |||
{{col-begin}} | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
ATR animates: | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | |||
|+ ''šulla'' 'horse' | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 90px;" | | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Dual | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
!| Nominative | |||
| ''šulla'' || ''šullandə'' || ''šullon'' | |||
|- | |||
!| Accusative | |||
| ''šullaj'' || ''šullandə'' || ''šullis'' | |||
|- | |||
!| Genitive | |||
| ''šullat'' || ''šullandəmak'' || ''šullok'' | |||
|} | |||
ATR inanimates: | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | |||
|+ ''šarmə'' 'stone' | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 90px;" | | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Dual | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
!| Nominative | |||
| ''šarmə'' || ''šarməndə'' || ''šarmot'' | |||
|- | |||
!| Accusative | |||
| ''šarmən'' || ''šarməndə'' || ''šarmis'' | |||
|- | |||
!| Genitive | |||
| ''šarmət'' || ''šarməndəmak'' || ''šarmok'' | |||
|} | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
RTR animates: | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | |||
|+ ''rə̣sạ'' 'dog' | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 90px;" | | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Dual | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
!| Nominative | |||
| ''rə̣sạ'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣'' || ''rə̣sọn'' | |||
|- | |||
!| Accusative | |||
| ''rə̣sạj'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣'' || ''rə̣sịs'' | |||
|- | |||
!| Genitive | |||
| ''rə̣sạt'' || ''rə̣sạndə̣mạk'' || ''rə̣sọk'' | |||
|} | |||
RTR inanimates: | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;" | |||
|+ ''ẹpŋə̣'' 'tree' | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 90px;" | | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Dual | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
!| Nominative | |||
| ''ẹpŋə̣'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣'' || ''ẹpŋọt'' | |||
|- | |||
!| Accusative | |||
| ''ẹpŋə̣n'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣'' || ''ẹpŋịs'' | |||
|- | |||
!| Genitive | |||
| ''ẹpŋə̣t'' || ''ẹpŋə̣ndə̣mạk'' || ''ẹpŋọk'' | |||
|} | |||
{{col-end}} | |||
====Pronominal suffixes==== | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
====Paradigms==== | |||
Weak paradigm: | |||
(animate/inanimate; sg, du, pl) | |||
*nom: ŋidæ/ŋidɨ, ŋidændæ/ŋidɨndæ, ŋidonɨ/ŋido | |||
*gen: ŋide/ŋidæk, (nom du)=gid ŋidi/ŋidok | |||
Strong paradigm (rare): | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
====Paradigms==== | |||
Each verb has three principal parts: the imperative, the present tense stem, and the past tense stem. | |||
TODO: use impersonal instead of passive | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''akə'' 'give' | |||
|- | |||
! infinitive | |||
|colspan=10| ''aktə'' | |||
|- | |||
! action noun | |||
|colspan=10| ''akipə'' | |||
|- | |||
! active participle | |||
|colspan=10| ''akəška'' | |||
|- | |||
! passive participle | |||
|colspan=10| ''ukča'' | |||
|- | |||
! Tense | |||
! 1st sg. | |||
! 2nd sg. | |||
! 3rd sg. | |||
! 1st du. | |||
! 2nd du. | |||
! 3rd du. | |||
! 1st pl. | |||
! 2nd pl. | |||
! 3rd pl. | |||
! impersonal | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''akə'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''akabi'' | |||
| ''akənabi'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''akəka'' | |||
| ''akəna'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''akəlli'' | |||
| ''akəddi'' | |||
| ''akək'' | |||
| ''akəkkabi'' | |||
| ''akənnabi'' | |||
| ''akəbi'' | |||
| ''akəkka'' | |||
| ''akənna'' | |||
| ''akəšum'' | |||
| ''akiłok'' | |||
|- | |||
! recent past | |||
| ''ukili'' | |||
| ''ukidi'' | |||
| ''ukis'' | |||
| ''ukikabi'' | |||
| ''ukinabi'' | |||
| ''ukibi'' | |||
| ''ukika'' | |||
| ''ukina'' | |||
| ''ukim'' | |||
| ''ukiłas'' | |||
|- | |||
! remote past | |||
| ''ukčali'' | |||
| ''ukčadi'' | |||
| ''ukčas'' | |||
| ''ukčakabi'' | |||
| ''ukčanabi'' | |||
| ''ukčabi'' | |||
| ''ukčaka'' | |||
| ''ukčana'' | |||
| ''ukčam'' | |||
| ''ukiłča'' | |||
|- | |||
! future-irrealis | |||
| ''aktiłoli'' | |||
| ''aktiłodi'' | |||
| ''aktiłok'' | |||
| ''aktiłokabi'' | |||
| ''aktiłonabi'' | |||
| ''aktiłobi'' | |||
| ''aktiłoka'' | |||
| ''aktiłona'' | |||
| ''aktiłošum'' | |||
| ''aktiba'' | |||
|} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''kẹdbə̣'' 'believe' | |||
|- | |||
! infinitive | |||
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbị'' | |||
|- | |||
! action noun | |||
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbịpə̣'' | |||
|- | |||
! active participle | |||
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbə̣škạ'' | |||
|- | |||
! passive participle | |||
|colspan=10| ''kẹdbịčạ'' | |||
|- | |||
! Tense | |||
! 1st sg. | |||
! 2nd sg. | |||
! 3rd sg. | |||
! 1st du. | |||
! 2nd du. | |||
! 3rd du. | |||
! 1st pl. | |||
! 2nd pl. | |||
! 3rd pl. | |||
! impersonal | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''kẹdbạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣nạbị'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣kạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣nạ'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| ''-'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣llị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣ddị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣k'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣kkạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣nnạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣bị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣kkạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣nnạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbə̣šụm'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłọk'' | |||
|- | |||
! recent past | |||
| ''kẹdbịlị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịdị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịs'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịkạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịnạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịkạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịnạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịm'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłạs'' | |||
|- | |||
! remote past | |||
| ''kẹdbịčạlị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịčạdị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịčạs'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịčạkạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịčạnạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịčạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịčạkạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịčạkạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịčạm'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłčạ'' | |||
|- | |||
! future-irrealis | |||
| ''kẹdbịłọlị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłọdị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłọk'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłọkạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłọnạbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłọbị'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłọkạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłọnạ'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịłọšụm'' | |||
| ''kẹdbịbạ'' | |||
|} | |||
===Prepositions=== | |||
===Derivation=== | |||
==Syntax== | |||
SOV with prepositions | |||
==Lexicon== |
Latest revision as of 06:21, 9 May 2023
The Netagic languages are a subbranch of the Idavic family that includes Netagin. They are inspired by Uralic.
PId final *-a, *-i, *-u > PNtg *-æ/a, *-ɨ/ə, *-ɨ/ə -> Pre-Netagin *-ē, *-ë, *-ë > Old Netagin -i, -a, -a
Phonology
- Consonants: b d λ ǯ ʒ́ g p t ξ č ć k s σ š ś m n ŋ l r w j
- Vowels: i ị e ẹ a ạ ə ə̣ o ọ u ụ /i ɪ e ɛ æ ɑ ɨ ɤ~ʌ o ɔ u ʊ/ (i a u ī ā ū -> e a u i o ɨ; modal/stød -> ATR/RTR like glottalization > uvularization in arabic)
- PNtg: ɪ ɛ æ a ɔ ʊ > ONtg iə eə eə a oə uə
- ATR/RTR harmony; ATR i e a ə o u vs RTR ị ẹ ạ ə̣ ọ ụ
- Initial stress modulo prefixes
q forces RTR harmony in roots and merges with k
Morphology
Netagic lost the Proto-Idavic antisegolate CCVC ablaut grade.
Pronouns
Nouns
Netagic retains cases and the dual, but the abstract gender merges into the inanimate gender.
Cases
Netagic merged the four Proto-Idavic cases to three:
- nominative
- accusative
- genitive
ATR animates:
ATR inanimates:
|
RTR animates:
RTR inanimates:
|
Pronominal suffixes
Adjectives
Paradigms
Weak paradigm: (animate/inanimate; sg, du, pl)
- nom: ŋidæ/ŋidɨ, ŋidændæ/ŋidɨndæ, ŋidonɨ/ŋido
- gen: ŋide/ŋidæk, (nom du)=gid ŋidi/ŋidok
Strong paradigm (rare):
Verbs
Paradigms
Each verb has three principal parts: the imperative, the present tense stem, and the past tense stem.
TODO: use impersonal instead of passive
infinitive | aktə | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
action noun | akipə | |||||||||
active participle | akəška | |||||||||
passive participle | ukča | |||||||||
Tense | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st du. | 2nd du. | 3rd du. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | impersonal |
imperative | - | akə | - | akabi | akənabi | - | akəka | akəna | - | - |
present | akəlli | akəddi | akək | akəkkabi | akənnabi | akəbi | akəkka | akənna | akəšum | akiłok |
recent past | ukili | ukidi | ukis | ukikabi | ukinabi | ukibi | ukika | ukina | ukim | ukiłas |
remote past | ukčali | ukčadi | ukčas | ukčakabi | ukčanabi | ukčabi | ukčaka | ukčana | ukčam | ukiłča |
future-irrealis | aktiłoli | aktiłodi | aktiłok | aktiłokabi | aktiłonabi | aktiłobi | aktiłoka | aktiłona | aktiłošum | aktiba |
infinitive | kẹdbị | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
action noun | kẹdbịpə̣ | |||||||||
active participle | kẹdbə̣škạ | |||||||||
passive participle | kẹdbịčạ | |||||||||
Tense | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st du. | 2nd du. | 3rd du. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | impersonal |
imperative | - | kẹdbə̣ | - | kẹdbạbị | kẹdbə̣nạbị | - | kẹdbə̣kạ | kẹdbə̣nạ | - | - |
present | kẹdbə̣llị | kẹdbə̣ddị | kẹdbə̣k | kẹdbə̣kkạbị | kẹdbə̣nnạbị | kẹdbə̣bị | kẹdbə̣kkạ | kẹdbə̣nnạ | kẹdbə̣šụm | kẹdbịłọk |
recent past | kẹdbịlị | kẹdbịdị | kẹdbịs | kẹdbịkạbị | kẹdbịnạbị | kẹdbịbị | kẹdbịkạ | kẹdbịnạ | kẹdbịm | kẹdbịłạs |
remote past | kẹdbịčạlị | kẹdbịčạdị | kẹdbịčạs | kẹdbịčạkạbị | kẹdbịčạnạbị | kẹdbịčạbị | kẹdbịčạkạ | kẹdbịčạkạbị | kẹdbịčạm | kẹdbịłčạ |
future-irrealis | kẹdbịłọlị | kẹdbịłọdị | kẹdbịłọk | kẹdbịłọkạbị | kẹdbịłọnạbị | kẹdbịłọbị | kẹdbịłọkạ | kẹdbịłọnạ | kẹdbịłọšụm | kẹdbịbạ |
Prepositions
Derivation
Syntax
SOV with prepositions