Ciètian: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (IlL moved page Yekhanese to Xjiaolan without leaving a redirect)
Line 63: Line 63:


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} has a large consonant inventory (about 43 consonants).
p b f v t d c z q j x ξ ch zh sh r k g h γ m n ng l w y
 
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{SUBPAGENAME}} consonants'''
|-
!colspan="2"| !! Labial !! Dental/Alveolar !! Postalv. !! Palatal !! Velar !! Pharyngeal !! Glottal
|-
!rowspan="2"|Nasal
!<small>plain</small>
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
| '''ny''' /ɲ/
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/ || ||
|-
!<small>geminate</small>
| '''mm''' /m:/
| '''nn''' /n:/
|
| '''nny''' /ɲ:/
| '''ŋŋ''' /ŋ:/ || ||
|-
!rowspan="2"|Stop
!<small>plain</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
|
| '''k''' /k/ || ||
|-
!<small>lenis</small>
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
|  ||
| '''g''' /g/ || ||
|-
!rowspan="2"|Affricate
!<small>plain</small>
|
| '''c''' /ts/
| '''ch''' /tʃ/
| '''cy''' /tɕ/
| || ||
|-
!<small>lenis</small>
|
| '''j''' /dz/
| '''jh''' /dʒ/
| '''jy''' /dʑ/ || || ||
|-
!rowspan="2"|Spirant
!<small>unvoiced</small>
| '''f''' /f/
|
| || '''hy''' /ç/
| '''x''' /x/ || '''ħ''' /ħ/ ||
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' /v/
| 
| ||
| '''γ''' /ɣ/ || ||
|-
!rowspan="2"|Sibilant
!<small>unvoiced</small>
| 
| '''s''' /s/
| '''sh''' /ʃ/ || '''sy''' /ɕ/ ||
| || '''h''' /h/
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| 
| '''z''' /z/
| '''zh''' /ʒ/ || '''zy''' /ʑ/ ||
| ||
|-
!colspan="2"| Liquid
|
| '''r''' /ɾ/<br/>'''rh''' /r/ ||  ||
| || ||
|-
!colspan="2"| Approximant
| '''w''' /w/ || ||
| '''y''' /j/ ||
|
|
|}
 
;Notes
*An initial /ʔ/ can be added to null initials (but is not mandatory).
*Voiceless stops are aspirated syllable-initially; voiced stops devoice after voiceless sounds.
* {{SUBPAGENAME}} has a form of Auslautverhärtung: voicing is neutralized for word-final stops but not word-final fricatives.
*/n, t, d/ are usually dental [n̪, t̪, d̪].
*/s/ is laminal alveolar [s].
*/ŋ, k, g/ are usually velar [ŋ, k, g].
*/ŋ, k, g, x, ɣ/ are prevelar before front vowels.
*In dialects and classical singing and drama, /w/ is pronounced as [ɫ].
*After a vowel, /ɣ/ colloquially disappears with compensatory lengthening of the vowel if the vowel is short (unless the /ɣ/ begins a stressed syllable.)


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Ciètian"