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Nankôre: Difference between revisions
→Pronouns
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As earlier stated, nouns in Nankôre are not inflected, nor are case clitics attached to them to indicate case relations. Transitive verbs take two NPs as core arguments. The case relations of the two arguments are determined by the position of the noun in the animacy hierarchy; the core argument that is higher in the animacy hierarchy is assigned the Agent role, and the other argument is assigned the Patient role. However, an inverse affix ''tā=/tāh=/ta=/t='' is prefixed to the primary verb, as well as a redundant ''ta-'' affix that is added to the auxiliary to alter the argument structure and promote the lower-animacy argument to Agent role. | As earlier stated, nouns in Nankôre are not inflected, nor are case clitics attached to them to indicate case relations. Transitive verbs take two NPs as core arguments. The case relations of the two arguments are determined by the position of the noun in the animacy hierarchy; the core argument that is higher in the animacy hierarchy is assigned the Agent role, and the other argument is assigned the Patient role. However, an inverse affix ''tā=/tāh=/ta=/t='' is prefixed to the primary verb, as well as a redundant ''ta-'' affix that is added to the auxiliary to alter the argument structure and promote the lower-animacy argument to Agent role. | ||
Unlike the Intransitive forms, the portmanteau Transitive forms come before the main verb, not the auxiliary verb, e.g. ''Akostos karok tā'itá' '' , "I ate it". Sometimes the portmanteau is cliticized to the main verb, as in ''Akostos=karok tā'itá' ''. If the Inverse marker appears simultaneously with the Transitive portmanteau pronoun, the preverbal Inverse marker ''tā=/tāh=/ta=/t='' cliticizes to the portmanteau pronoun. Since the Inverse voice is double-marked, the Inverse form of the auxiliary ''itấ' '' also is used, as in the improbable sentence, ''Takostos karok tahortā'itá'/Takostoskarok tahortā'itá' '', from ''Tā-akostos-karok tahortā'itá' '', "He/she/it ate me". | [OBSOLETE] Unlike the Intransitive forms, the portmanteau Transitive forms come before the main verb, not the auxiliary verb, e.g. ''Akostos karok tā'itá' '' , "I ate it". Sometimes the portmanteau is cliticized to the main verb, as in ''Akostos=karok tā'itá' ''. If the Inverse marker appears simultaneously with the Transitive portmanteau pronoun, the preverbal Inverse marker ''tā=/tāh=/ta=/t='' cliticizes to the portmanteau pronoun. Since the Inverse voice is double-marked, the Inverse form of the auxiliary ''itấ' '' also is used, as in the improbable sentence, ''Takostos karok tahortā'itá'/Takostoskarok tahortā'itá' '', from ''Tā-akostos-karok tahortā'itá' '', "He/she/it ate me". | ||
Obliques cannot be inserted into the verb complex. If oblique arguments appear outside their clause, they must be joined to it with the connective clitic ''si=''. Context alone determines the semantic role of the oblique. To illustrate, the sentence ''Maska si=ohipna koykare ekán itá'' (anthill=CONN twig boy twist COP.PST), i.e. "The boy inserted the twig into the anthill", the oblique noun ''maska'' (anthill is marked with the clitic ''si='' to join it to the rest of the sentence. | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||