Wistanian: Difference between revisions

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m (→‎Benefactive: this section has been constructed and ergo is no longer under construction)
m (→‎Object Particles: Whole section has been updote.)
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====Object Particles====
====Object Particles====


All non-subject, non-locative nouns are considered as objects in Wistanian grammar and are therefore featured at the end of the sentence, and are required an object particle. Object order depends on the following hierarchy.
In Wistanian grammar, any noun that does not act as a subject is considered an object and are not exclusive to the patient of the verb. As an object, the noun comes after the subject and inherits an object particle (unless it is an accusative pronoun.) 


ACC > INST > BEN/CAU
The object particles are:
 
The noun particles are:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| style="text-align: center;" | <code>ACC</code>
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>ACC</code>
| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | aa
| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | aa
| Marks the object of the sentence.
| Marks the patient of the sentence.
|-
|-
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | Instrumental
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | Instrumental
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| Marks the reason for which something is done involitionally.
| Marks the reason for which something is done involitionally.
|}
|}
It is possible to have a sentence that uses several objects, although none of them are required in a sentence. When multiple objects are present in a sentence, they are usually ordered in a sentence as <code>ACC > INSTR > BEN/CAU</code>.


  '''ila yau aa ujadi il divu ggaun jyaman va yi.'''
  '''ila yau aa ujadi il divu ggaun jyaman va yi.'''
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   "The friend broke their bone."
   "The friend broke their bone."


When the patient is a pronoun, the particle is normally dropped, since some pronouns have their own accusative forms. The accusative can also double as a reflexive.
When the patient is a pronoun, the accusative particle is normally dropped, since some pronouns have their own accusative forms. The accusative can also double as a reflexive.


   '''vigai dari vai.'''
   '''vigai dari vai.'''
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   hit-TEL  3Sa.NOM '''ACC 3Sa.ACC'''.
   hit-TEL  3Sa.NOM '''ACC 3Sa.ACC'''.
   "He hit him."
   "He hit him."
After instrumental, benefactive, or causative particles, pronouns are still conjugated as accusatives.
  gaun zariya dari '''vai'''.
  gaun zariya dari '''il vai'''.
  gaun zariya dari '''ggaun vai'''.
  gaun zariya dari '''diri vai'''.
  The boy plays it.
  The boy plays with it.
  The boy plays for it.
  The boy plays because of it.


=====Instrumental=====
=====Instrumental=====
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The particle '''diri''' is the same word in the clause-initial construction '''diri va''', which translates as "because" or "the reason is".
The particle '''diri''' is the same word in the clause-initial construction '''diri va''', which translates as "because" or "the reason is".
=====Causative=====
''under construction''


====Modal Particles====
====Modal Particles====
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