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[[Medh Nghêl/Lexicon|Lexicon]] | |||
[[Medh Nghêl/qmn|Se leth Medh Nghêle zil (This page in Medh Nghêl)]] | |||
'''Medh Nghêl''' is the lingua franca of Tumhan. It's a Finnic language with a Sindarin-like aesthetic. | |||
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==Introduction== | |||
==Todo== | |||
Loans from P- and Q-Celtic and East Germanic? | |||
''Hærmæth'' = January | |||
''Îmolg'' = February | |||
''Mært'' = March | |||
''Ôthar'' = April, related to Easter | |||
''Pellæne'' = May, from *Peltäinen <- Bealtaine | |||
''Cêchvi'' = June, from *keski + *suvi "mid-summer" | |||
''Fîmzuv'' = July, related to Estonian viimne "last" + suvi "summer" | |||
''Lucnast'' = August, related to Irish "Lúnasa" | |||
''Sado'' = September, from "harvest" | |||
''Fîmzŷz'' = October, related to Estonian viimne "last" + sügis "summer" | |||
''Edheljôl'' = November | |||
''Jôl'' = December | |||
==Phonology== | |||
===Orthography=== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
===Prosody=== | |||
====Stress==== | |||
====Intonation==== | |||
===Phonotactics=== | |||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | |||
===Morphophonology=== | |||
==Morphology== | |||
===Pronouns=== | |||
Pronouns in Medh Nghêl inflect by polarity (positive/negative). There are also copular pronouns which historically derive from contractions of pronouns with the copula, which inflect by tense (present/past) and mood (indicative/subjunctive). | |||
[TO EDIT] | |||
{| | |||
! Person !! Simple (non-copular) !! !! Copular !! !! !! !! !! !! !! | |||
|- | |||
| || || || indicative || || || || subjunctive || || || | |||
|- | |||
| || positive || negative || present || || past || || present || || past || | |||
|- | |||
| || || || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative | |||
|- | |||
| 1sg || mæ || mine || mole || minœl || moli || minœlyd || môth || minœ̂th || môthol || minœ̂thœl | |||
|- | |||
| 2sg || sæ || sine || sole || sinœl || soli || sinœlyd || sôth || sinœ̂th || sôthol || sinœ̂thœl | |||
|- | |||
| 3sg animate || hæ || hæne || ho || hænœl || holi || hænœlyd || hôth || hænœ̂th || hôthol || hænœ̂thœl | |||
|- | |||
| 3sg inanimate proximal || sê || sî || seio || seiœl || seioli || seiœlyd || seioth || seiœ̂th || seiothol || seiœ̂thœl | |||
|- | |||
| 3sg inanimate distal || tô || toe || tôo || toiol || tôoli || toiolud || tôoth || toiôth || tôothol || toiôthol | |||
|- | |||
| 1pl || mec || mê || molem || meiœl || molim || meiœlyd || môthim || meiœ̂th || môthimol || meiœ̂thœl | |||
|- | |||
| 2pl || tec || tê || tolet || teiœl || tolit || teiœlyd || tôthit || teiœ̂th || tôthitol || teiœ̂thœl | |||
|- | |||
| 3pl animate || hec || hê || hova || heiœl || holiv || heiœlyd || hôthiv || heiœ̂th || hôthivol || heiœ̂thœl | |||
|- | |||
| 3pl inanimate proximal || nêd || nede || nêdo || nêiœl || nêdoli || nêiœlyd || nêdoth || nêiœ̂th || nêdothol || nêiœ̂thœl | |||
|- | |||
| 3pl inanimate distal || nôd || node || nôdo || nôiol || nôdoli || nôiolud || nôdoth || nôiôth || nôdothol || nôiôthol | |||
|} | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs in Medh Nghêl have four principal parts: the infinitive stem, which ends in ''-dh'', ''-n'', ''-l'', ''-r'', or ''-th''; the present stem; the past stem; and the supine stem, which ends in ''-m''. | |||
====Tenses==== | |||
=====Simple present===== | |||
The simple present is analogous to the English simple present. It uses the simple pronouns with the following suffixes attached to the present stem: | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
| 1st person || no ending || -me | |||
|- | |||
| 2nd person || no ending || -te | |||
|- | |||
| 3rd person || no ending || no ending | |||
|- | |||
| Negative | |||
|colspan=2| no ending | |||
|} | |||
For example, here's the conjugation of ''pêth'' (to wash), which has the following stems: infinitive ''pêth'', present ''peze-'', past ''pezi-'', and supine ''pezem''. | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;" | |||
! ''pêth'' !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
| 1st person || mæ peze || mec peze'''me''' | |||
|- | |||
| 2nd person || sæ peze || tec peze'''te''' | |||
|- | |||
| 3rd person || hæ peze || hec peze | |||
|- | |||
| Negative | |||
|colspan=2| mine/sine/hæne/... peze | |||
|} | |||
=====Simple past===== | |||
The simple past is analogous to the English simple past, and uses the same endings as the simple present, except attached to the past stem. | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;" | |||
! ''pêth'' !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
| 1st person || mæ pezi || mec pezi'''me''' | |||
|- | |||
| 2nd person || sæ pezi || tec pezi'''te''' | |||
|- | |||
| 3rd person || hæ pezi || hec pezi | |||
|- | |||
| Negative | |||
|colspan=2| mine/sine/hæne/... pezi | |||
|} | |||
=====Perfect tenses===== | |||
The present and past perfect tenses use the present and past indicative copular pronouns. The supine stem is used, with final ''-m'' replaced by ''-nud'' or ''-nyd'' depending on vowel harmony. | |||
Plural pronouns trigger an aspirate mutation on the verb, while other pronouns and nouns trigger a soft mutation. | |||
[to insert here] | |||
=====Progressive tenses===== | |||
The progressive tenses look the same as the perfect, except that the suffix ''-nud/nyd'' is replaced by ''-mas/mæs''. | |||
The perfect progressive tenses insert the word ''olud'' between the pronoun and the verb (ending in ''-mas/mæs''). Unlike in the perfect and progressive tenses, the verb doesn't mutate. | |||
[to insert conjugation of pêth] | |||
==Syntax== | |||
===Constituent order=== | |||
===Noun phrase=== | |||
===Verb phrase=== | |||
===Sentence phrase=== | |||
===Dependent clauses=== | |||
<!-- etc. etc. --> | |||
==Example texts== | |||
==Other resources== | |||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | |||
<!-- Template area --> | |||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | |||
[[Category:Tumhan]] | |||
[[Category:Finnic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Uralic languages]] |