Eḥeiθymmen Amran: Difference between revisions

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* Three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative)
* Three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative)


Critical to the construction of the verb and verb phrase is the '''copula''', of which there exists both a '''positive''' copula '''R-Y-D''' and a '''negative''' copula '''∅-M-N''' . Additionally, there exists an infinitive form of the verb that is used with modals.
Critical to the construction of the verb and verb phrase is the '''copula''', of which there exists both a '''positive''' copula '''R-J-D''' and a '''negative''' copula '''∅-M-N''' . Additionally, there exists an infinitive form of the verb that is used with modals.


Since verbs are constructed regularly via predictable combinatorics, it is useful to make a generalized template with which to consult.
Since verbs are constructed regularly via predictable combinatorics, it is useful to make a generalized template with which to consult.
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* '''D-N-G'''
* '''D-N-G'''
* '''∅-ʃ-L'''
* '''∅-ʃ-L'''
* '''C-Y-L'''
* '''T-Y-L'''
* '''R-W-D'''
* '''R-W-D'''
* '''K-T-R'''
* '''K-T-R'''
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===Conjugation===
===Conjugation===


Grammatical person as agent/subject as well as object and number are designated via affixation. Mood is designated via change of vowel in the stem as well as affixation in the case of the imperative. The following table shows the paradigm of the positive copula, '''R-Y-D''', with no marking made for the object.  
Grammatical person as agent/subject as well as object and number are designated via affixation. Mood is designated via change of vowel in the stem as well as affixation in the case of the imperative. The following table shows the paradigm of the positive copula, '''R-J-D''', with no marking made for the object.  


{| class="wikitable nowrap" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
{| class="wikitable nowrap" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|+ '''Paradigm of the Positive Copula, R-Y-D, with Agent/Subject Marking Only'''
|+ '''Paradigm of the Positive Copula, R-J-D, with Agent/Subject Marking Only'''
! Mood
! Mood
! colspan="2" | Person
! colspan="2" | Person
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! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 1st
| rowspan="2" | test
| rowspan="2" | test
| rowspan="2" | '''ale-'''''ryad''
| rowspan="2" | '''ale-'''''rjad''
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
| test
| test
| '''dhua-'''ryad
| '''dhua-'''rjad
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
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! Masculine
! Masculine
| test
| test
| '''ive-'''''ryeð''
| '''ive-'''''rjeð''
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! Masculine
! Masculine
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! Feminine
! Feminine
| test
| test
| '''me-'''''ryad''
| '''me-'''''rjad''
! Feminine
! Feminine
| test
| test
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! Neuter
! Neuter
| test
| test
| '''ā-'''''ryad''
| '''ā-'''''rjad''
! Neuter
! Neuter
| test
| test
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! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryad''
| '''anta-'''''rjad''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryad''
| '''anta-'''''rjad''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryad''
| '''anta-'''''rjad''
|-
|-
! rowspan="9" | Subjunctive
! rowspan="9" | Subjunctive
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! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 1st
| rowspan="2" | test
| rowspan="2" | test
| rowspan="2" | '''ale-'''''ryuð''
| rowspan="2" | '''ale-'''''rjuð''
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
| test
| test
| '''dhua-'''''ryuð''
| '''dhua-'''''rjuð''
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
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! Masculine
! Masculine
| test
| test
| '''ive-'''''ryüð''
| '''ive-'''''rjyð''
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! Masculine
! Masculine
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! Feminine
! Feminine
| test
| test
| '''me-'''''ryuð''
| '''me-'''''rjuð''
! Feminine
! Feminine
| test
| test
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! Neuter
! Neuter
| test
| test
| '''ā-'''''ryuð''
| '''ā-'''''rjuð''
! Neuter
! Neuter
| test
| test
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! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryuð''
| '''anta-'''''rjuð''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryuð''
| '''anta-'''''rjuð''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryuð''
| '''anta-'''''rjuð''
|-
|-
! rowspan="9" | Imperative
! rowspan="9" | Imperative
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! Inclusive
! Inclusive
| –
| –
| '''dhüe-'''''ryeði''
| '''dhüe-'''''rjeði''
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
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! Masculine
! Masculine
| –
| –
| '''ive-'''''ryeði''
| '''ive-'''''rjeði''
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! Masculine
! Masculine
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! Feminine
! Feminine
| –
| –
| '''me-'''''ryeði''
| '''me-'''''rjeði''
! Feminine
! Feminine
| –
| –
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! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| –
| –
| '''ente-'''''ryeði''
| '''ente-'''''rjeði''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| –
| –
| '''ente-'''''ryeði''
| '''ente-'''''rjeði''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| –
| –
| '''ente-'''''ryeði''
| '''ente-'''''rjeði''
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable nowrap" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
{| class="wikitable nowrap" class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|+ '''Paradigm of the Positive Copula, R-Y-D, with Agent/Subject and Object Marking'''
|+ '''Paradigm of the Positive Copula, R-J-D, with Agent/Subject and Object Marking'''
! Mood
! Mood
! colspan="2" | Person
! colspan="2" | Person
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! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 1st
| rowspan="2" | test
| rowspan="2" | test
| rowspan="2" | '''ale-'''''ryad'''''-ala'''
| rowspan="2" | '''ale-'''''rjad'''''-ala'''
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
| test
| test
| '''dhua-'''''ryeð'''''-ið'''
| '''dhua-'''''rjeð'''''-ið'''
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
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! Masculine
! Masculine
| test
| test
| '''ive-'''''ryeð'''''-iv'''
| '''ive-'''''rjeð'''''-iv'''
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! Masculine
! Masculine
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! Feminine
! Feminine
| test
| test
| '''me-'''''ryad'''''-am'''
| '''me-'''''rjad'''''-am'''
! Feminine
! Feminine
| test
| test
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! Neuter
! Neuter
| test
| test
| '''ā-'''''ryad'''''-ah'''
| '''ā-'''''rjad'''''-ah'''
! Neuter
! Neuter
| test
| test
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! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryad'''''-an'''
| '''anta-'''''rjad'''''-an'''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryad'''''-an'''
| '''anta-'''''rjad'''''-an'''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryad'''''-an'''
| '''anta-'''''rjad'''''-an'''
|-
|-
! rowspan="9" | Subjunctive
! rowspan="9" | Subjunctive
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! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 1st
| rowspan="2" | test
| rowspan="2" | test
| rowspan="2" | '''ale-'''''ryuð'''''-ala'''
| rowspan="2" | '''ale-'''''rjuð'''''-ala'''
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
| test
| test
| '''dhua-'''''ryuð'''''-ið'''
| '''dhua-'''''rjuð'''''-ið'''
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
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! Masculine
! Masculine
| test
| test
| '''ive-'''''ryüð'''''-iv'''
| '''ive-'''''rjyð'''''-iv'''
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! Masculine
! Masculine
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! Feminine
! Feminine
| test
| test
| '''me-'''''ryuð'''''-am'''
| '''me-'''''rjuð'''''-am'''
! Feminine
! Feminine
| test
| test
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! Neuter
! Neuter
| test
| test
| '''ā-'''''ryuð'''''-ah'''
| '''ā-'''''rjuð'''''-ah'''
! Neuter
! Neuter
| test
| test
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! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryuð'''''-an'''
| '''anta-'''''rjuð'''''-an'''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryuð'''''-an'''
| '''anta-'''''rjuð'''''-an'''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| test
| test
| '''anta-'''''ryuð'''''-an'''
| '''anta-'''''rjuð'''''-an'''
|-
|-
! rowspan="9" | Imperative
! rowspan="9" | Imperative
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! Inclusive
! Inclusive
| –
| –
| '''dhüe-'''''ryeð'''''-ið'''''i''
| '''dhüe-'''''rjeð'''''-ið'''''i''
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! rowspan="2" | 1st
! Inclusive
! Inclusive
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! Masculine
! Masculine
| –
| –
| '''ive-'''''ryeð'''''-iv'''''i''
| '''ive-'''''rjeð'''''-iv'''''i''
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! rowspan="2" | 2nd
! Masculine
! Masculine
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! Feminine
! Feminine
| –
| –
| '''me-'''''ryeð'''''-em'''''i''
| '''me-'''''rjeð'''''-em'''''i''
! Feminine
! Feminine
| –
| –
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! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| –
| –
| '''ente-'''''ryeð'''''-en'''''i''
| '''ente-'''''rjeð'''''-en'''''i''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| –
| –
| '''ente-'''''ryeð'''''-en'''''i''
| '''ente-'''''rjeð'''''-en'''''i''
! colspan="2" | 4th
! colspan="2" | 4th
| –
| –
| '''ente-'''''ryeð'''''-en'''''i''
| '''ente-'''''rjeð'''''-en'''''i''
|}
|}


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