Modern Gothic: Difference between revisions
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==Standard New Gothic == | |||
==== | === Phonology === | ||
==== Consonants ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Glottal | ! !! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nasal || m || n || | | Nasal || m || n || (ŋ)<sup>1</sup> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Stop || p b || t d || k g || | | Stop || p<sup>2</sup> b || t<sup>2</sup> d || k<sup>2</sup> g || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Affricate || || tʃ dʒ || || | | Affricate || || tʃ dʒ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Fricative || f v || t s ʃ ʒ || x || h | | Fricative || f v<sup>3</sup> || t s ʃ ʒ || x || h<sup>4</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Approximant || || || j || | | Approximant || || || j || | ||
| Line 60: | Line 61: | ||
| Trill || || r || || | | Trill || || r || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
<sup>1</sup> /ŋ/ is found only before the velar stops <br> | |||
<sup>2</sup> The voiceless stops are unaspirated <br> | |||
<sup>3</sup> /v/ is realized as [w] intervocally <br> | |||
<sup>4</sup> /h/ is only found between vowels, and is used to break up vowel sequences | |||
==== Vowels ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Front !! Back | ! !! Front !! Central !! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Close || i iː y yː || u uː | | Close || i iː iə̯ y yː yə̯ || || u uː uə̯ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Close-mid || eː øː || oː | | Close-mid || eː eə̯ øː øə̯ || || oː oə̯ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Open-mid || ɛ ɛː œ œː || ɔ ɔː | | Open-mid || ɛ ɛː ɛə̯ œ œː œə̯ || ə || ɔ ɔː ɔə̯ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Open || a aː || ɑ ɑː | | Open || a aː aə̯ || || ɑ ɑː ɑə̯ | ||
|} | |} | ||
The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened. | |||