User:Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán/თქარინ: Difference between revisions
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==Verbs== | ==Verbs== | ||
===Infinitives=== | ===Infinitives=== | ||
Verbal infinitives are formed from roots with the addition of the suffix (ე)თ. | Verbal infinitives are formed from roots with the addition of the suffix -(ე)თ. | ||
===Conjugation=== | ===Conjugation=== | ||
Verbs do not conjugate for person; they do conjugate for number, tense, mood, aspect and voice. | Verbs do not conjugate for person; they do conjugate for number, tense, mood, aspect and voice. | ||
A plural subject is indicated by the prefix ი-. | |||
The tense-mood-aspect combinations are: | The tense-mood-aspect combinations are: | ||
*present | *present/imperative: -Ø | ||
*aorist | *aorist: -ხ | ||
*delimitative | *delimitative: -ფი | ||
*imperfect | *imperfect: -ვა | ||
*future | *future: -თეჩ | ||
*conditional | *conditional: -მუ | ||
*optative | *optative: -ზი | ||
The final -თ is removed from infinitive before these suffixes are added. | |||
Voices are: | Voices are: | ||
*active | *active: -Ø- | ||
*passive | *passive: -ემ- | ||
*middle | *middle: -ოჟ- | ||
These are added before the tense-aspect-mood suffixes and delete any preceding vowel in the root. | |||
===Negation=== | ===Negation=== | ||
Negation is shown by | Negation is shown by the addition of the prefix კა- to the verb. | ||
===Participles=== | ===Participles=== | ||
Participles act as adjectives. | Participles act as adjectives or adverbs. | ||
There are four adjectival participles: | |||
*present active: -სო | |||
*past active: -სხი | |||
*present passive: -ემსო | |||
*past passive: -ემსხი | |||
And two adverbial participles: | |||
*present: -ს | |||
*past: -სეხ | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||