Niemish: Difference between revisions

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Other than /ɛː/ open vowels are short while close vowels are long or occur in diphthongs. In most dialects /ɛː/ has merged with /eː/, making the distinction between ⟨é⟩ and ⟨ä́⟩ purely a matter of whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalised.
Other than /ɛː/ open vowels are short while close vowels are long or occur in diphthongs. In most dialects /ɛː/ has merged with /eː/, making the distinction between ⟨é⟩ and ⟨ä́⟩ purely a matter of whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalised.


The diphthongs in Niemish are as follows:
The diphthongs in Niemish are all falling, ending on /j/, /w/ or a liquid consonant /l, lʲ, m, mʲ, n, nʲ, ɾ, ɾʲ/:


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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! rowspan=2 | Initial segment !! colspan=3 | Final segment  
! rowspan=2 | Initial segment !! colspan=3 | Final segment  
|-
|-
! /_w/ !! /_j/ !! liquid consonant<br/>using /b/ as example  
! /_j/ !! /_w/ !! liquid consonant<br/>using /ɾ/ as example  
|-  
|-  
| /a, aː/ || ⟨ba⟩ || ⟨bia⟩ || ⟨ja⟩ || ⟨ha⟩ || ⟨a⟩
| /a/ || ⟨aj⟩ || ⟨aw⟩ || ⟨ar⟩
|-
|-
| /ɛ, ɛː/ || ⟨bä⟩ || ⟨biä⟩ || ⟨jä⟩ || ⟨hä⟩ || ⟨ä⟩
| /e/ || ⟨äj⟩ || ⟨äw⟩ || ⟨är⟩
|-
|-
| /e/ || ⟨ej⟩ || ⟨ew⟩ || ⟨er⟩
|-
| /i/ || ⟨ij⟩<ref name="ijuw">⟨ij, uw⟩ are properly long vowels, only represented with this spelling where morphologically motivated, as in ''triuw'' /tʲɾʲuː/, ''triuwe'' /tʲɾʲuvʲə/</ref> || ⟨iw⟩ || ⟨ir⟩
|-
| /ɨ/ || colspan=2 | || ⟨yr⟩
|-
| /o/ || ⟨oj⟩ || ⟨ow⟩ || ⟨or⟩
|-
| /u/ || ⟨uj⟩ || ⟨uw⟩<ref name="ijuw">⟨ij, uw⟩ are properly long vowels and only represented with this spelling where morphologically motivated, as in ''triuw'' /tʲɾʲuː/, ''triuwe'' /tʲɾʲuvʲə/</ref> || ⟨ur⟩
|}


The realisation of ⟨y⟩ varies considerably by dialect; many, including the Capitoline dialect, simply merge it with ⟨i⟩, making the distinction between ⟨y⟩ and ⟨i⟩ purely a matter of whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalised. Other possible realisations include:
The realisation of ⟨y⟩ varies considerably by dialect; many, including the Capitoline dialect, simply merge it with ⟨i⟩, making the distinction between ⟨y⟩ and ⟨i⟩ purely a matter of whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalised. Other possible realisations include:
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