Aarlaansc: Difference between revisions

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The synthetic forms are more used in the written language, whereas the analytical ones are found mostly in the spoken language.
The synthetic forms are more used in the written language, whereas the analytical ones are found mostly in the spoken language.
==Pronouns and other kinds of adjectives==
===Personal pronouns===
Personal pronouns are the only words that inflect according to case. They have a '''nominative case''', that is the case of the subject, and two kinds of '''accusative case''', the case of the object - both direct and indirect. The accusative case has an ''unstressed form'' and a ''stressed'' one. The reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and the object of the action are the same, as in "I wash (myself)":
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Pronouns'''
!'''Nominative'''
!'''Unstressed accusative'''
!'''Stressed accusative'''
!'''Reflexive'''
!'''Comitative'''
|-
!'''I'''
|eg
|me
|mie
|me
|miek
|-
!'''thou'''
|toe
|te
|tie
|te
|tiek
|-
!'''he'''
|is
|im
|iem
|ze
|ziek
|-
!'''she'''
|ëe
|em
|eem
|ze
|ziek
|-
!'''it'''
|id
|id
|id
|ze
|ziek
|-
!'''we'''
|noes
|ne
|noes
|ne
|nuusk
|-
!'''you'''
|woes
|we
|woes
|we
|wuusk
|-
|'''they'''
|ïe
|es
|ees
|ze
|ziek
|}
The unstressed accusative form precedes the verb, while the stressed one follows it. The stressed forms are used after prepositions or to emphasize complements.
The ''comitative'' forms represent the locution ''with + pronouns''.
Some examples:
* ''Me oodt toe?'' - Do you hear me?
* ''Toe widt ym'' - You see him.
* ''Eg ood im, nek tie'' - I hear him, not you.
* ''Eg zom tiek'' - I am with you.
* ''Is dijkt id ar noes'' - He says it to us.
* ''Noes ne laen'' - We wash (ourselves).
* ''Eg me klaam Toen'' - My name is Tony.
* ''Went toe nuusk?'' - Do you come with us?
===Possessives===
Possessive adjectives are never preceded by article and they always precede the noun they are referred to:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Possessive'''
!'''Adjective'''
!'''Pronouns'''
|-
!'''my'''
|mies
|hij / hoe mies
|-
!'''thy'''
|tuis
|hij / hoe tuis
|-
!'''his''' / '''its'''
|zuis
|hij / hoe zuis
|-
!'''her'''
|ijs
|hij / hoe ijs
|-
!'''our'''
|noost
|hij / hoe noost
|-
!'''your'''
|weest
|hij / hoe weest
|-
|'''their'''
|zuis
|hij / hoe zuis
|}
Possessive pronouns are always preceded by article, ex.:
* ''Is est mies mijk, nek hij tuis'' - He's my friend, not yours.
Sometimes the possessor is specified with '''de + pronoun''' to avoid ambiguity, above all in the case of the 3rd person, ex.:
* ''Zuis mijk de iem'' or ''Hij mijk de iem'' - His friend (of him);
* ''Zuis mijks de ees'' or ''Hies mijks de ees'' - Their friends (of them).
In the speech the possessive pronouns are usually formed without using the article, but using the pronouns ''uin'' after the possessive, ex.:
* ''Is est mies mijk, nek tuis uin'' - He's my friend, not your one.
===Demonstratives===
In this language, demonstratives always follow the name they are referred to when they are used as adjectives.
Demonstratives are never preceded by article, not even if they are used as pronouns. There are three kinds of demonstratives:
* those that show proximity to the speaker;
* those that show proximity to the hearer;
* those that show distance from both the speaker and the hearer.
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="3"|'''Proximity to the speaker'''
|-
!'''Common singular'''
!'''Neuter singular'''
!'''Plural'''
|-
|heik
|huuk
|hieske
|-
!colspan="3"|'''Proximity to the hearer'''
|-
!'''Common singular'''
!'''Neuter singular'''
!'''Plural'''
|-
|ist
|stud
|sties
|-
!colspan="3"|'''Proximity to the hearer'''
|-
!'''Common singular'''
!'''Neuter singular'''
!'''Plural'''
|-
|ill
|lud
|lies
|}
Ex.:
* ''Ill kat est nit'' - That cat is cute;
* ''Ist liver est hij tuis'' - That book (near you) is yours;
* ''Eg wol huuk maal'' - I want this apple.
===Indefinites===
These pronouns and adjectives neither determine nor specify the substantives, that is they don't tell us anything about their quantity or identity:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Singular pronoun'''
!'''Plural pronoun'''
!'''Meaning'''
!'''Adjective'''
!'''Meaning'''
|-
|''nuin''
| -
|nobody
|''nuin''
|no
|-
|''ries''
| -
|nothing
| -
| -
|-
|''kiduin''
| -
|everyone
|''om''
|every
|-
|''oukuin''
| -
|anyone
|''ouk''
|any
|-
|''oukries''
| -
|anything
| -
| -
|-
|''kwaal''
|''kwaals''
|which one(s)
|''kwaal''
|which / what
|-
| -
| -
| -
|''taal''
|such
|-
|''pook''
|''pooks''
|a little / few
|''pook''
|a little / few
|-
|''muut''
|''mute''
|much / many
|''muut''
|much / many
|-
|''tant''
|''tante''
|so much / so many
|''tant''
|so much / so many
|-
|''kuucht'' / ''toet''
|''kuuchte'' / ''toete''
|all / everybody
|''kuucht'' / ''toet''
|all
|}
Some pronominal forms have got both a singular and a plural voice, but adjective forms have got ONLY one voice, that is both singular and plural. Except for ''nuin'' / ''ries'' and ''oukuin'' / ''oukries'', indefinites don't have a gender distinction.
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